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Abstract: A dual two-level inverter fed open-end winding induction motor drive is proposed in this
paper. A total of 64 voltage space phasor combinations are possible in this scheme since each
inverter produces eight voltage space phasors. The scheme produces voltage space phasor locations
similar to that of a three-level inverter except that in a three-level inverter the seriwconnected DC
link capacitors carry the load current, which results in undesirable fluctuating voltage space
phasors. Also, a three-level inverter requires a bulky DC link capacitor. In the proposed scheme the
DC link capacitor carries only the ripple current and hence the voltage space phasor fluctuations
are absent. A PWM switching strategy aimed at suppressing the zero sequence currents is
proposed, using auxiliary switch-assisted neutral generation.
introduction
inverter-I I
C'
0IEE, 2002
"dc
l4
Paper first received 21st May 2001 and in revised form 7th November 2001
The authors are with the Center for Electronics Design and Technology, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, 'India
152
- -)
und inverter-2
41'
14'
53',62'
52'
63'
+ *
+a
I
aux.Sw2
aux'Swl
"dJ2
winding IM
aux. Sw3
aux. Sw4
I
8-4'
8-51
8-3'
8-81
5-5'
5-31
54'
3-8'
48
8-6'
5-4'
3-4'
3-5'
3-3'
4-4'
4-5'
4-3'
6-8'
8-2'
8-1'
5-6'
5-1'
3-1'
4-61
4-1'
1-8'
2-8'
5-7'
5-2'
3-6'
4-2'
1-5'
1-3'
6-5'
6-3'
7-5'
3-7'
3-2'
4-7'
6-4'
2-4'
1-1'
2-5'
2-3'
7-3'
1-7'
1-4'
1-6'
6-6'
6-2'
24'
7-4'
6-1'
7-1'
1-2'
6-7'
2-1'
7-6'
1-1'
- v ~ d 2 -VDd3
8-71
2-7'
IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl.. Vol. 149, No. 2, Murcli 2002
VD&
2-2'
7-7'
7-8'
7-2'
I53
L (3-
,G----,
a-axis
N (5-
(&/4)6C; ul/,
2 -(&/4)vDC; vlc<(&/4)vDC
(1)
154
~~
switching sequences
cx (deg.)
possible sectors
inner sectors
Td2- T2- Ti- Td2
middle sectors
Td2- Tz- Ti- Td2
outer sectors
Ti-TrT2
0.0
13
88'45'44'437'
13'-18'-15'
7.5
13
77'-27'-17'47'
17'-27'-24'-74'
64'-74'-24'
64'-74'-24'
15.0
13
77'-27'-17'47'
17'-27'-24'-74'
22.5
13
88'-85'-84'47'
84'45'-15'-18'
13'-18'-15'
30.0
13
88'-I 8'-28'-78'
85'-15'-18'-28'
24'-24'-15'
37.5
14
77'-74'-15'-78'
27'-24'-74'-?5'
24'-27'-26'
45.0
14
77'-74'-75'-78'
27'-24'-74'-75'
24'-27'-26'
52.5
14
88'-18'-28'-78'
15'45'-35'
60.0
14
88'-38'-28'-78'
15'45'-35'
67.5
14
77'-76'-75'-78'
75'-76'-26'-27'
24'-27'-26'
24'-27'-26'
75.0
14
77'-76'-15'-78'
75'-76'-26'-27'
82.5
14
88'-38'-28'-78'
28'-38'-35'45'
15'45'-35'
90.0
14
88'45'46'47'
38'-35'45'46'
26'-26'-35'
97.5
15
77'-27'-37'47'
76'-26'-27'-37'
26'-76'-46'
105.0
15
77'-27'-37'-87'
76'-26'-27'-37'
26'-76'-46'
112.5
15
88'45'46'47'
38'-35'45'46'
35'-38'-31'
120.0
15
88'41'46'47'
35'-38'-3 1'
127.5
15
77'-47/-37'-87'
37'-47'-46'-76'
26'-76'-46'
135.0
15
77'-47/-37'47'
3?'-47'-46'-76'
26'-76'-46'
142.5
15
88'4 1'46'47'
35'-38'-3 1'
150.0
15
88'-38'-48'-78'
8 1'-3 1'-38'-48'
46'-46'-31'
157.5
16
77'-76'-7 1'-78'
47'-46'-76'-71'
46'-47'-42'
165.0
16
77'-76'-7 1'-78'
47'-46'-76'-71'
46'-47'42'
172.5
16
88'-38'-48'-78'
8 1'-3 1'-38'-48'
3 1'41'-51'
180.0
16
88'-58'-48'-78'
31'41'-51'
187.5
10
16
77'-72'-71'-78'
71'-72'-42'-47'
46'-47/42'
195.0
10
16
77l-72I-7 1'-78'
7 1'-72'-42'-47'
202.5
10
16
88'-58'-48'-78'
48'-58'-51'4
1'
31'-81'-5 1'
210.0
10
16
8 8 ' 4 1'-82'-87'
58'-5 1'41'-82'
42'-42'-5 1'
217.5
10
17
77'-47'-57'47'
72'-42'-47'-57'
42'-72'-62'
225.0
10
17
77'-47'-57'47'
72'42'47'57'
42'-72'62'
232.5
10
17
88'4 1'-82'47'
51'-58'-53'
240.0
17
88'-83'42'-87'
51'-58'-53'
247.5
11
17
77'47'-57'47'
57'47'42'-72'
42'-72'42'
255.0
11
17
77'67'-57'-87'
57'-67'42'-72'
42'-72'62'
262.5
11
17
88'43'42'47'
82'43'-53'-58'
51'-58'-53'
270.0
11
17
88'-58'48'-78'
83'-53'-58/48'
62'-62'-53'
277.5
11
18
77'-72'-73'-78'
67'42'-72'-73'
62'67'-64'
285.0
11
18
77'-72'-73'-78'
67'-62'-72'-73'
62'47'64'
292.5
11
18
88'-58'48'-78'
83'-53'-58'48'
53'43'-13'
300.0
18
88'-18'68'-78'
53'43'-13'
307.5
12
18
77'-7 4'-73'-78'
73'-74'44'67'
62'67'-64'
315.0
12
18
77'-74'-73'-78'
73'-74'44'67'
62'67'64'
322.5
12
18
88'-I 8'-68'-78'
68'-I 8'-13'43'
53'43'-13'
330.0
12
18
88'43'44'47'
18'-13'43'-84'
64'44'-13'
337.5
12
13
7J'-67'-1 7'47'
74'-64'67'-17'
64'-74'-24'
46'-47'42'
345.0
12
13
J7'-67'-17'47'
74'-64'67'-17'
64'-74'-24'
352.5
12
13
88'-83'-84'-87'
18'-13'43'44'
13'-18'-I 5'
155
Pa)
and
(26)
sector
before
transformation
sector
after
transforma-
< 60"
ct < 90"
90" 5 a < 120"
a < 150"
120" I
a < 180"
150" I
180" 5 a < 210"
210" 5 CI < 240"
240" 5 tx < 270"
7
8
6
3
1
10
10
11
11
6
4
30" 5
60" 5
ct
To12
TI
Tz
tion
CH,=50 V
DC 100 1
10 ms/div
(10 ms/div)
sector
after
transformation
ASH
OFB
Ti
T2
BHJ
OAC
CJL
OBD
DLN
OCE
ENQ
ODF
FQS
OEA
CH2=20mV
10 ms Idrv
(10 ms/div)
DC 1 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7
sr
-,
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
...
Over-modulation
T{ + Ti
and
Ti : T2l :: TI : T2
(4)
Therefore,
T; = {Tl/(Tl
+ T2)I.G;
= {T2/(TI
+ T2)l.G
(5)
normalised harmonicspectrum
i
1.0 0
0.5 -
Fig. 9 Individual pole voltages v, and vdo for Iv,l = 0.6 VD,
(top and bottom traces) voltage v,d (v,,-vdo)
containing triplen
harmonic components (middle trace)
CH,=100V
DC 1001
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
harmIonicorder
norm 100 kS/s
Fig. 13 Individual pole v0ltage.s v, and vdo for I V . ~ ~=~ 0.9 VDc
(top and bottom traces) voltage v,d (v,,-vd,)
(middle trace)
CH, =2OOV
5 msldiv
(5 ms/div)
DC 1OO:i
norm 200 k S / s
. . . .. . . . . .
T
23
Fig. 1 1
0.6 VDc
~ =~ 0.9
~ VDc
1
10 ms/div
CH,= 20 mV
DC 1 1
Fig. 15
(10 ms/div)
norm 100 kSls
Iv,~,.~
= 0.9 V ~ C
Conclusion
7
0.5
lO!
References
1 NABAE, A,, TAKAHASHI, I., and AGAKI, H.: A new neutralpoint-clamped PWM inverter, IEEE Trans., 1981, IA-17, pp. 518-523
2 BHAGWAT, P.M., and STEFANOVIC, V.R.: Generalized structure
of a multi level PWM inverter, JEEE Truns., 1983, IA-19, pp. 10571069
3 MWINYIWIWA, B., and WOLANSKT, 2.: Multimodular multilevel
converters with input/output linearity, JEEE Truns., 1997, 33, (5). pp.
PP
12141219
10
15
20
25
30
harmonic order
35
40
45
(Fig. 5), used for the PWM generation, will not contribute
to triplen harmonic components (Table 1). Consequently, it
is expected that Vud does not possess any triplen harmonic
content in this case.
The top and bottom traces of Fig. 13 show the pole
voltages of individual inverters v, and vdo, respectively,
while the middle trace shows v,,i, the difference of these
pole voltages. Figs. 14 and 15, respectively, show actual
motor phase voltage and motor phase current. It may be
observed that the waveform of v,d (middle trace, Fig. 13) is
identical to the motor phase voltage (Fig. 14). Thus, it is
evident that experimental results are in agreement with
theoretical assertion that the triplen harmonic content in vd
in this case is zero.
Thus, for the dual-inverter fed open-end winding
induction motor, triplen harmonic elimination has been
achieved using proposed power circuit topology and the
associated PWM scheme (auxiliary switch assisted neutral
generation). The power circuit topology obviates isolation
transformers or harmonic filters that are bulky and
expensive.
IEE Pros-Electr. Power Appl., Val. 149, No. 2, March 2002
4 RUFER, A., VEENSTRA, M., and GOPAKUMAR, K.: Asymmetric multilevel converter for high resolution voltage phasor
generation. EPE99, Lausanne, pp. PI-PI0
5 STEMMLER, H., and GUGGENBACH, P.: Configurations of high
power voltage source inverter drives. EPE conference, 1993, pp. 7-12
6 SHIVAKUMAR, E.G., GOPAKUMAR, K., and RANGANATHAN, V.T.: Space vector PWM control of dual inverter fed
open-end winding induction motor drive. IEEE-APEC-2000, pp. 394404
7 Space phasor based pulse width modulated dual inverter switching
strategy for an open-end winding induction motor drive for triplen
harmonic suppression Indian patent 133/MAS/200/2001
8 KIM, J.-S., and SUL, S.-K.: A novel voltage modulation technique of
the space vector PWM. JPEC-1995, pp. 742-747
8 Appendix
8.7
From Fig. 6, the eqn. for the volt-sec balance is given by:
l ~ , ~ , .=
I l(VDc/2)i
~.~
- 60.Tj
whereIvirIcos$=v,
+ (V0c/2)160.T2
and
IuL,lsin$=vg
+ TI + TO= T,
(6)
(7)
(8)
u, = (3/2)v,
and
up = (v3/2)(ub - v,)
(9)
+ +
=0
(10)
159
(1 1
T2 = 2G(Va - v c ) / v D C
(12)
In a similar way, expressions for T I and T2 in the other
outer sectors (14 to 18) may be determined by mapping
these sectors into the corresponding inner sectors for any set
of instantaneous reference phase values vu*, vb* and v,*.
160
8.2
x,