CHAPTER

17

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

Permutations and
Combinations

1. The total number of different means of transportation

=43
= 12

(c) The number of numbers with even numbers to be

side by side
= 4C2 3! 2!

= 72
Alternative
4
P2 3P3

= 72

2. Total number of ways of dressing up

=342
= 24

(d) The number of numbers with odd and even digit

in alternate position
= Even, Odd, Even, Odd + Odd, Even, Odd,
Even

=2413+4231

= 24 + 24

= 48

3. Total number of 4-letter codes

= 4!
= 24
4. Number of different 5-digit numbers
= 5!
= 120

10. (a) The number of 3-digit numbers greater than 500

= 3 4P2

= 36

5. Number of possible arrangements

= 4P3
= 24

(b) The number of 3-digit numbers with 1 at the

tens place value
= 4P2 1

= 12

6. The number of ways of sitting

= 5P3
= 60

(c) The number of 3-digit even numbers

= 4P2 1

= 12

7. The number of ways

=23211
= 12

(d)

8. (a) Number of ways = 1 3P3 1

=6
(b) Number of ways = 2P2 3P3

= 12

Digit 1, 3 and 5 will make up the sum of 9.

Therefore, the number of such numbers
= 3!
=6

11. 3C1 = 3 ways

12.

9. (a) The number of even numbers

= 5P3 2!

= 120

C2 = 45 pairs

10

13. (a) 3C1= 3

(b) 3C0 = 1

(b) The number of numbers that starts with even digit

= 2! 5P3

= 120

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

14. (a) (i) There are 3 numbers that is less than 4.

Number of selection = 3C1

=3
1. (a) The number of different four-digit numbers
formed
= 6P4

= 360

(ii) 2, 3 and 5 are prime numbers.

Number of selection = 3C1

=3

(iii) 3 and 6 are multiple of 3.

Number of selection = 2C1

=2

(b) The number of different four-digit even numbers

formed
= 5P3 2P1

= 120

(b) (i) Number of selection with all odd digits

= 6C3 3C0

= 20

2. (a) Number of possible arrangements

= 5P5

= 120

(ii) 2 and 4 are the numbers less than 6 and

even.

Number of selection = 6C2 4C1

= 60

(b) 4P4 2! = 48

(iii) Number of selection including digit 4
= 5C2

= 10

3. The number of codes formed

= 3P1 5P4
= 360

15. (a) The number of possible mixed double pairs

= 3C1 4C1

= 12

4. (a) The number of team with 2 goals only

= 4C2 10C3

= 720

(b) The number of possible mixed double pairs

= 1 4C1

=4

(b) The number of teams formed

= 2 boys only + 3 boys only + 4 boys only
+ 5 boys only
10
=
C 2 4C 3 + 10C 3 4C 2 + 10C 4 4C 1 +
10
C5 4C0

= 180 + 720 + 840 + 252

= 1992

16. (a) 10C4 = 210

(b) 3C1 7C3 = 105
(c) 7C4 = 35

5. (a) Prime number is 2 which is to be the first digit

in a row, the number of ways to arrange the rest
is 4! = 24

(d) 3C1 7C3 + 3C2 7C2 + 3C3 7C1

= 105 + 63 + 7

= 175

(b) 9 is to be one of the three digits, the number of

ways to choose the other 2 digits is 4C2 = 6

17. Number of possible ways

= 9C2 7C3 4C4
= 1260

6. The number of ways

= 12C4 8C4 4C4
= 34 650

18. (a) The number of possible ways

= 3C1 4C1

= 12
(b) 2C1 2C1 = 4

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

10.

C2 8C3 5C5 = 2520

11. (a) (i) 7P7 = 5040

1. (a) 4P4 = 4!

= 24

6
P6 2P2 = 1440
(ii)

(b) 4P3 = 24

(b) (i) 7C3 = 35

2
C2 5C3 = 10
(ii)

2. (a) 7P7 = 7!
= 5040

n!
12. (a) nCn r =
[n (n r)]! (n r)!
n!

=
r!(n r)!

= nCr

(b) 2P2 5P5 = 240

3. (a) 6P4 = 360
(b) 4C2 3! 2! = 72

Alternative
4
P2 3P2 = 72

(b) (i) 7P7 = 5040

4
P4 3P3 = 144
(ii)

13. (a) (i)

4. (a) Number of 3-digit numbers

6
P1 6P2 = 180

[Note: The first 6 does not include digit 0.]

12

P12 = 479 001 600

12
P10 = 239 500 800
(ii)

2
P2 10P10 = 7 257 600
(iii)

(b) For 3-digit number less than 500, the first digit
can take digit 2 or 4 only.

Hence, the number of possible numbers
= 2P1 6P2

= 60

(b) (i)

12

C6 = 924

C3 4C2 3C1 = 180

(ii)
5

14. (a) (i)

18

C4 = 3060

(ii) Team of 2 men + Team of 3 men + Team of

4 men
= 10C2 8C2 + 10C3 8C1 + 10C4 8C0

= 1260 + 960 + 210

= 2430

5. (a) 3P2 5P3 = 360

(b) 1 2P1 4P2 1 = 24
6. (a) 3P3 = 6

(iii)

(b) P1 P2 = 4
2

10

7. (a) 2P2 6P6 = 1440

Team of 110 men + Team of one man

= 10C0 8C4 + 10C1 8C3
= 70 + 560
= 630

(b) (i) 5P5 5P5 = 14 400

Two possible ways a boy or a girl in the first
position.

(b) There are 2 vowels, A and E.

Number of ways = 2P2 6P6

= 1440

5
P5 5P5 2! = 28 800
(ii)
5
P2 8P8 = 806 400
(iii)

8. Number of combination = 8C1 5C2

= 80

15. (a) (i) 8P5 = 6720

7
C4 5P5 = 4200
(ii)

9. (a) Different number of committees that can be

formed
= 33C6

= 1 107 568

5
C2 5P5 = 1200
(iii)

5
C2 3P3 3P3 = 360
(iv)

(b)

(b) Different number of committess that can be

formed
= 3C1 10C2 20C3

= 153 900

18

C12 6C4 2C2 = 278 460

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 17

16. (a) (i) Consider case where the last digit is 0.

6
P3 1 = 120

Consider case where the last digit is 2, 4

or 6.
5 5 4 3 = 300
[Note: The first 5 does not include digit 0.]

1. 4! = 24
2. (a) (i) 4C1 = 4 or 4C3 = 4
3
(ii)
C3 = 1
3
(iii)
C1 = 3
(b) 4P4 = 24

The total number of even numbers

= 120 + 300
= 420

(ii) The number of odd numbers formed

=5543

= 300
(iii)
Case 1


The first digit used is either 4, 5 or 6 and
the second digit is 3.

3. (a) 2 3P3 1 = 12
(b) TV Fan TV

3 2 2 1 1 = 12
(c) 4! 2! = 48

The number formed = 3 1 5 4

= 60

Case 2


The first digit used is 4, 5 or 6 and the
second digit used is 4, 5 or 6.

4. (a) 5! = 120
(b) 3! 2! = 12
5. (a) 8P5 = 6720
(b) 7P4 = 840

The number formed = 3 2 5 4

= 120

6. (a) 4C2 5C3 = 60

(b) 4C2 3C3 = 6

Total number formed = 60 + 120

= 180
Alternative

The total number formed

=3354

= 180

7. (a) 6C2 3C1 = 45

(b) 6P3 3P2 = 720
8. (a) 4C2 4C3 = 24
(b) 3C2 3C3 = 3

(b) (i) 9C3 = 84

(ii)

2 men + 3 men
= 5C2 4C1 + 5C3 4C0
= 40 + 10
= 50

17. (a) 10P3 = 720

(b) (i) 5 5 4 = 100
[Note: The first 5 does not include digit 0.]

(ii) The sum of the digits is 9. The possible

cases are 0, 1, 8; 0, 3, 6; 1, 3, 5

For case 0, 1, 8,

the number formed = 2 2 1

=4

For case 0, 3, 6,

the number formed = 2 2 1

=4

For case 1, 3, 5,

the number formed = 3 2 1

=6

Total number = 4 + 4 + 6

= 14

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