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ACSeriesMotor
UnderElectricalMotorACseriesmotorsarealsoknownasthe
modifieddcseriesmotorastheirconstructionisverysimilartothatof
thedcseriesmotor.Beforewediscussthesemodifications,hereitis
essentialtodiscusswhatistheneedandwheredoweneedtodo
modifications.Inordertounderstandthis,considerthisquestion.What
willhappenwhenwegiveanacsupplytodcseriesmotor?Answerto
thisquestioniswrittenbelow:
(a)Anacsupplywillproduceaunidirectionaltorquebecausethe
directionofboththecurrents(i.e.armaturecurrentandfieldcurrent)
reversesatthesametime.
(b)Duetopresenceofalternatingcurrent,eddycurrentsareinducedin
theyokeandfieldcoreswhichresultsinexcessiveheatingoftheyoke
andfieldcores.
(c)Duetothehighinductanceofthefieldandthearmaturecircuit,the
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powerfactorwouldbecomeverylow.
(d)Thereissparkingatthebrushesofthedcseriesmotor.
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Soconsideringabovepointswecansaythatwedonthavegood
performanceofdcseriesmotorontheapplicationofacsupply.Nowin
ordertoreducetheeddycurrentsthereisneedtolaminatetheyoke
andfieldcore.Thisisourfirstmodificationtodcseriesmotor.What
aboutpowerfactorhowwecanimprovepowerfactor?Nowthepower
factorisdirectlyrelatedtoreactanceofthefieldandarmaturecircuit
andwecanreducethefieldwindingreactancebyreducingthenumber
ofturnsinthefieldwinding.Butthereisoneproblem:onreducingthe
numberofturns,fieldmmfwilldecreaseandduetothistheairgapflux
decrease.Theoverallresultofthisisthatthereisanincreaseinthe
speedofthemotorbutdecreaseinthemotortorquewhichisnot
desired.Nowhowtoovercomefromthisproblem?thesolutiontothis
problemistheuseofcompensatingwinding.Onthebasisoftheusage
ofcompensatingwindingwehavetwotypesofmotorandtheyare
writtenbelow:
(a)conductivelycompensatedtypeofmotors
(b)Inductivelycompensatedtypeofmotors.
ConductivelyCompensatedTypeofMotors
Givenbelowisthecircuitdiagramoftheconductivelycompensated
typeofmotors.Inthistypeofmotor,thecompensatingwindingis
connectedinserieswiththearmaturecircuit.
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InductivelyCompensatedTypeofMotors
Givenbelowisthecircuitdiagramoftheinductivelycompensatedtype
ofmotors.Inthistypeofmotor,thecompensatingwindinghasno
interconnectionwiththearmaturecircuitofthemotor.Inthiscase,a
transformeractionwilltakeplaceasthearmaturewindingwillactas
primarywindingofthetransformerandthecompensationwindingwill
actsasasecondarywinding.Thecurrentinthecompensatingwinding
willbeinphaseoppositiontothecurrentinthearmaturewinding.
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Givenbelowisthecompleteschematicdiagramofthesinglephaseac
seriesmotorwithallthemodifications(i.e.compensatingwindingand
interpole).
Wehavealreadydiscussedtheadvantageofhavingcompensating
winding.Letusdiscusswhatistheuseoftheinterpole?Themain
functionoftheinterpolesistoimprovetheperformanceofthemotorin
termsofhigherefficiencyandagreateroutputfromthegivensizeof
thearmaturecore.Wehavetakenveryhighreactivevoltagedropof
seriesfieldascomparedtoeitherarmatureorthecompensatingfieldin
ordertoreducetheseriesfiledinductance.Thewindingoftheinterpole
circuitisconnectedinparallelwiththenoninductiveshuntasshownin
theabovefigure.
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