RTN950 Product Description

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
V100R002C00
Product Description
Issue
02
Date
2009-12-20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009-2009. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
holders.
Notice
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Huawei and the customer. All or partial products, services and features described in this document may not
be within the purchased scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise agreed by the contract, all
statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided AS IS without warranties,
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address:
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Website:
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Email:
support@huawei.com
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Product Description
About This Document
About This Document

Purpose
This document describes the network application, functions and features, structure,
networking, network management system (NMS), and performance indexes of the OptiX
RTN 950 radio transmission system, thus providing comprehensive information about the
OptiX RTN 950 product for readers.
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name
Version
OptiX RTN 950
V100R002C00
iManager U2000
V100R001C00
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning engineers.
Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digital
microwave communication.
Organization
This document is organized as follows.
Chapter
Content
1 Introduction
Describes the network application and components of the

OptiX RTN 950.
2 Functions and Features
Describes the functions and features of the OptiX RTN 950.
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iii

Product Description
About This Document
Chapter
Content
3 Product Structure
Describes the system architecture, hardware architecture,

software architecture, and signal processing flow of the
OptiX RTN 950.
4 Networking
Describes common networking modes of the OptiX RTN

950.
5 Network Management
System
Describes the network management (NM) solution for the

OptiX RTN 950, and also the NM software that contributes
to this solution.
6 Performance
Describes the performance indexes of the OptiX RTN 950.
A Glossary
Lists the terms.
B Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Lists the acronyms and abbreviations.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol
Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,
which if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low
level of risk, which if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a
problem or save time.
Provides additional information to
emphasize or supplement important points
of the main text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
iv

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
About This Document
Convention
Description
Times New Roman
Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface
Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic
Book titles are in italics.
Courier New
Examples of information displayed on the screen are in

Courier New.
Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Thus, the latest document issue contains all
updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 02 (2009-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the second release for the V100R002C00 version.
The updated contents are as follows:
Update
Description
6 Performance
The specifications of the product are

updated.
Updates in Issue 01 (2009-06-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

This document is the first release of the V100R002C00 version.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)


Product Description
Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Network Application .....................................................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Radio Link Forms .........................................................................................................................................1-3
1.3 Components...................................................................................................................................................1-3
2 Functions and Features .............................................................................................................2-1

2.1 Microwave Types ..........................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 PDH Microwave ..................................................................................................................................2-1
2.1.2 SDH Microwave ..................................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.3 Hybrid Microwave ...............................................................................................................................2-2
2.2 Modulation Strategy......................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation.................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation ...........................................................................................................................2-3
2.3 RF Configuration Modes...............................................................................................................................2-4
2.4 Capacity ........................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.1 Air Interface Capacity ..........................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.2 Cross-Connect Capacity.......................................................................................................................2-6
2.4.3 Switching Capacity ..............................................................................................................................2-6
2.5 Interfaces.......................................................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.1 Microwave Interfaces...........................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.2 Service Interfaces.................................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.3 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces .................................................................................................2-7
2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation................................................................................................2-8
2.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control...............................................................................................................2-9
2.8 Ethernet Service Processing Capability.........................................................................................................2-9
2.9 QoS..............................................................................................................................................................2-10
2.10 Clock Features...........................................................................................................................................2-10
2.11 Protection Capability................................................................................................................................. 2-11
2.12 Network Management ...............................................................................................................................2-12
2.13 Easy Installation ........................................................................................................................................2-13
2.14 Easy Maintenance .....................................................................................................................................2-13
3 Product Structure........................................................................................................................3-1
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Contents

Product Description
3.1 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................................3-1

3.1.1 SDH/PDH Microwave .........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Hybrid Microwave ...............................................................................................................................3-2
3.2 Hardware Structure .......................................................................................................................................3-4
3.2.1 IDU ......................................................................................................................................................3-4
3.2.2 ODU.....................................................................................................................................................3-6
3.3 Software Structure.........................................................................................................................................3-8
3.3.1 NMS Software .....................................................................................................................................3-8
3.3.2 IDU Software .......................................................................................................................................3-8
3.3.3 ODU Software .....................................................................................................................................3-8
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow ....................................................................................................................3-8
3.4.1 SDH/PDH Microwave .........................................................................................................................3-9
3.4.2 Hybrid Microwave .............................................................................................................................3-10
4 Networking .................................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 SDH/PDH Microwave...................................................................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 Chain Networking................................................................................................................................4-1
4.1.2 Ring Networking..................................................................................................................................4-2
4.2 Hybrid Microwave ........................................................................................................................................4-3
4.2.1 Chain Networking................................................................................................................................4-3
4.2.2 Ring Networking..................................................................................................................................4-4
5 Network Management System ................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Network Management Solution.....................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 LCT ...............................................................................................................................................................5-1
5.3 U2000............................................................................................................................................................5-3
6 Performance ................................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 RF Performance ............................................................................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 Microwave Work Modes......................................................................................................................6-1
6.1.2 Receiver Sensitivity .............................................................................................................................6-3
6.1.3 Distortion Sensitivity ...........................................................................................................................6-7
6.1.4 ODU Performance ...............................................................................................................................6-8
6.1.5 IF Performance.....................................................................................................................................6-8
6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem....................................................................6-9
6.2 Interface Performance ...................................................................................................................................6-9
6.2.1 SDH Optical Interface Performance ....................................................................................................6-9
6.2.2 E1 Interface Performance...................................................................................................................6-10
6.2.3 Ethernet Interface Performance..........................................................................................................6-10
6.2.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance ........................................................................................................6-12
6.3 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance........................................................................................6-13
6.4 Integrated System Performance...................................................................................................................6-14
A Glossary .................................................................................................................................... A-1
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Product Description
Contents
B Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................B-1
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ix

Product Description
1 Introduction
Introduction
The OptiX RTN 950 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 900 radio transmission
system.
1.1 Network Application

The OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation split microwave transmission system developed by
Huawei. It can provide a seamless microwave transmission solution for a mobile
communication network or private network.
The OptiX RTN 900 products are available in two types: OptiX RTN 910 and OptiX RTN 950.
The IDU of the OptiX RTN 910 is 1U high and supports one or two IF boards. The IDU of the
OptiX RTN 950 is 2U high and supports one to six IF boards. The users can choose an
appropriate type based on the actual requirements.
The OptiX RTN 950 provides several types of service interfaces and facilitates installation
and flexible configuration. It can provide a solution that is integrated with the TDM
microwave, Hybrid microwave, and Packet microwave based on the network requirements. It
supports the smooth upgrade from the TDM microwave to the Hybrid microwave, and from
the Hybrid microwave to the Packet microwave. The solution can evolve based on the service
changes that occur due to radio mobile network evolution. Thus, this solution can meet the
transmission requirements of not only 2G and 3G networks, but also future LTE and 4G
networks.
Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 show the TDM microwave transmission solution and the Hybrid
microwave transmission solution respectively that are provided by the OptiX RTN 950 for the
mobile communication network.
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Product Description
1 Introduction
Figure 1-1 TDM microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 950
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
STM-1/E1 Regional Backhaul

Network
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
BSC
BTS
OptiX RTN 950
Figure 1-2 Hybrid microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 950
FE
E1
E1
FE
E1
STM-1/
E1
E1
E1
Regional backhaul
network
FE/GE
GE
E1
FE
FE
OptiX RTN 950
1-2
E1
NodeB
BTS
RNC

BSC
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Product Description
1 Introduction
In the solutions, the local backhaul network is optional. The OptiX RTN 950 can be connected to the
RNC or the BSC directly.
1.2 Radio Link Forms

The OptiX RTN 950 provides the radio links of different forms by flexibly configuring
different IF boards and ODUs to meet the requirements of different microwave application
scenarios.
Table 1-1 Radio link forms of the OptiX RTN 950
Radio Link Form
Type of the
System Control,
Cross-Connect,
and Timing Board
Type of the IF
Board
Type of the ODU
SDH/PDH radio link
CST/CSH
IF1
Standard power
ODU or high power
ODU
Hybrid radio link
CSH
IFU2
Standard power
ODU or high power
ODU
Hybrid radio link

that supports the
XPIC
CSH
IFX2
Standard power
ODU or high power
ODU
1.3 Components
The OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU950, the ODU,
and the antenna system. An ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable.
IDU 950
The IDU 950 is the indoor unit of an OptiX RTN 950 system. It accesses services, performs
multiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provides system control
and communication function.
Table 1-2 lists the basic features of the IDU 950.
Table 1-2 Introduction of the IDU 950
Item
Performance
Chassis height
2U
Pluggable
Supported
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Product Description
1 Introduction
Item
Performance
Number of microwave
directions
1-6
RF configuration mode
1+0 non-protection configuration

N+0 non-protection configuration (N 5)
1+1 protection configuration
N+1 protection configuration (N 4)
XPIC configuration
Figure 1-3 IDU 950
ODU
The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 900. It performs frequency conversion and
amplification of signals.
The OptiX RTN 900 series products share one set of RTN 600 ODUs, covering 6 GHz to 38
GHz entire frequency band. The OptiX RTN 950 supports standard power ODU and high
power ODU.
The OptiX RTN 950 provides an entire frequency band antenna solution, and supports the
single-polarized antenna and dual-polarized antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m to 3.7 m and the
corresponding feeder system.
There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separate
mounting.
z
1-4
The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-diameter and

single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one
antenna, the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are
configured for one antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
1 Introduction
hybrid coupler) must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-4 shows
the direct mounting method.
Figure 1-4 Direct mounting
The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or

big-diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-5 shows the separate method.
In this situation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted. That is, two ODUs share one feed
boom.
Figure 1-5 Separate mounting
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Product Description
Functions and Features
The OptiX RTN 950 provides plentiful functions and features to ensure the quality and
efficiency of service transmission.
2.1 Microwave Types

Different radio link forms of OptiX RTN 950 support different types of microwaves. The
radio link form of the SDH/PDH microwave supports the PDH microwave and the SDH
microwave.
2.1.1 PDH Microwave

The PDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits only the PDH services (mainly,
the E1 services).
Unlike the conventional PDH microwave equipment, the OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in
MADM. The MADM grooms the E1 services to the microwave port for further transmission.
Thus, the services can be groomed flexibly and seamless convergence between the optical
network and the microwave network is achieved.
Figure 2-1 PDH microwave
IDU
ODU
SDH
OH
PDH radio
MADM
E1
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Product Description
2.1.2 SDH Microwave

The SDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits SDH services.
Unlike the conventional SDH microwave equipment, the OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in
MADM. The MADM grooms services to the microwave port through cross-connections,
maps the services into the STM-1-based microwave frames, and then transmits the
STM-1-based microwave frames. Thus, the services can be groomed flexibly and seamless
convergence between the optical network and the microwave network is achieved.
Figure 2-2 SDH microwave
IDU
ODU
SDH
OH
SDH radio
OH
MADM
E1
2.1.3 Hybrid Microwave

The Hybrid microwave refers to the microwave that transmits native E1 services and native
Ethernet services in hybrid mode. The Hybrid microwave supports the AM function.
The OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in MADM and a packet processing platform. The MADM
transmits E1 services that are accessed locally or extracted from the SDH to the microwave
port. After processing the accessed Ethernet services in the unified manner, the packet
processing platform transmits the Ethernet services to the microwave port. The microwave
port maps the E1 services and the Ethernet services into Hybrid microwave frames and then
transmits the Hybrid microwave frames.
Figure 2-3 Hybrid microwave
IDU
E1
Hybrid radio
ODU
TDM
cross-connect
matrix
Ethernet
Packet
switching
Native E1 and native Ethernet
The characteristics of Hybrid microwave frames are as follows:
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Product Description
The frames with a fixed period are used for transmission.
In the specific modulation mode or channel spacing, the length of Hybrid microwave
frames remains unchanged.
The E1 services in Hybrid microwave frames occupy a fixed bandwidth (when N E1

services are transmitted, the bandwidth of N E1 services is occupied).
In Hybrid microwave frames, the Ethernet services occupy the remaining bandwidth of
the E1 services.
2.2 Modulation Strategy

The SDH/PDH microwave supports fixed modulation, whereas the Hybrid microwave
supports fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation

Fixed modulation refers to a modulation strategy wherein a modulation mode is adopted
invariably on a running radio link.
When the OptiX RTN 950 uses the fixed modulation strategy, you can set the modulation
mode through the software.
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation

Adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjusted
automatically based on channel quality.
In the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies with the
modulation mode. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the
transmitted services is. When the channel quality is favorable (such as on days when the
weather is favorable), the equipment adopts a higher modulation mode to transmit more user
services. In this manner, the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system
are improved. When the channel quality is degraded (such as on days when the weather is
stormy and foggy), the equipment adopts a lower modulation mode to transmit only the
services with a higher priority within the available bandwidth and to discard the services with
a lower priority. In this manner, the anti-interference capability of the radio link is improved
and the link availability of the services with a higher priority is ensured.
When the Hybrid microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls service
transmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current
modulation mode. The E1 services have the highest priority. By adopting the CoS technology,
the equipment schedules Ethernet services of different types to the queues with different
priorities. The services in the queues with different priorities are transmitted to the microwave
port through the SP or WRR algorithm. When the queues with certain priorities are congested
due to insufficient microwave bandwidth, the queues with these priorities discard certain or
all services. When the Hybrid microwave works in the lowest modulation mode, the
equipment transmits only the E1 services and the Ethernet services with a high priority within
the available bandwidth. When the Hybrid microwave works in any other modulation mode,
all the additional bandwidth is used to transmit the Ethernet services. In this manner, the
availability of the links that carry the E1 services and the Ethernet services with the high
priority is ensured and the Ethernet service capacity is increased, thus providing the dynamic
bandwidth.
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Product Description
Figure 2-4 shows the service change caused by the AM. The orange part indicates the E1
services, and the blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue
part, the lower the priority of the Ethernet service is. Under all channel conditions, the E1
services occupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of
the E1 services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies with the channel
conditions. When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services with a low priority
are discarded.
Figure 2-4 AM
256QAM
128QAM
32QAM
QPSK
256QAM
128QAM
32QAM
16QAM
Channel
capability
64QAM
16QAM
64QAM
E1 services
Ethernet
services
The AM technology adopted by the OptiX RTN 950 has the following features:
z
The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and
256QAM modulation mode.
The lowest modulation mode (also called "reference mode") and the highest modulation
mode (also called "nominal mode") actually used by the AM can be configured.
When the modulation modes of AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receive
frequency, and channel spacing do not change.
When the modulation modes of AM are switched, the step-by-step switching mode must
be adopted.
When the AM switches the modulation modes to a lower one, the services with the low
priority are discarded but no bit errors or slips occur in the services with the high priority.
The speed of switching the modulation modes meets the requirement for no bit error in
the case of 100 dB/s fast fading.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX RTN 950 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, the N+0 non-protection
configuration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPIC
configuration.
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Product Description
Table 2-1 lists the RF link configuration modes that are supported.
Table 2-1 RF configuration modes
Configuration Mode
Maximum Number of Configurations
1+0 non-protection configuration
1+1 protection configuration (1+1

HSB/FD/SD)
N+0 non-protection configuration (N 5)
3 (N = 2)
2 (N = 3)
1 (N 4)
N+1 protection configuration (N 4)
3 (N = 1)
2 (N = 2)
1 (N 3)
XPIC configuration
When two 1+0 non-protection configurations form a microwave ring network, the special RF
configuration (namely, east and west configuration) is formed. In the case of the east and west
configuration, the SNCP and the ERPS can be configured to protect the ring network of SDH/PDH
services and Ethernet services.
When the OptiX RTN 950 adds or drops services locally, it supports five 1+0 non-protection
configurations in the case of the TDM microwave, four 1+0 non-protection configurations in the
case of the Hybrid microwave, two 1+1 protection configurations, one 2+1 protection configuration,
or two XPIC configurations.
Only the STM-1 microwave and Hybrid microwave support N+1 protection.
Only the Hybrid microwave supports the XPIC configuration.
Two XPIC configurations can form one 1+1 protection configuration of the XPIC.
2.4 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 950 has a high capacity.
2.4.1 Air Interface Capacity

The microwave air interface capacity is related to the specific microwave working mode.
z
If the radio link form is the SDH/PDH microwave, the maximum capacity of each
channel of microwave is STM-1.
If the radio link form is the Hybrid microwave, the maximum capacity of each channel
of microwave is 363 Mbit/s when the high power ODU is used or 183 Mbit/s when the
standard power ODU is used. If the XPIC technology is used, the service capacity of the
microwave channel can be doubled with same the spectrum bandwidth.
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Product Description
2.4.2 Cross-Connect Capacity

The OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in MADM and provides full timeslot cross-connections for
VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent to 32x32 VC-4s.
2.4.3 Switching Capacity

The OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in packet processing platform with the switching capacity of
10 Gbit/s.
2.5 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 950 features multiple interface types.
2.5.1 Microwave Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 950 provides microwave interfaces on the IF board and the ODU that is
connected to the IF board. Each microwave interface transmits one channel of microwave
service. In addition, it transmits various auxiliary services or paths through the microwave
overheads.
Table 2-2 lists the auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface.
Table 2-2 Auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface
Service/Path Type
Quantity
Rate
Synchronous data service
64 kbit/s
Asynchronous data service
19.2 kbit/s
Orderwire phone service
64 kbit/s
Wayside E1 servicea
2048 kbit/s
DCC path
64 kbit/s (The capacity is

lower than 16xE1 PDH
microwaves.)
192 kbit/s (The capacity is
not lower than 16xE1
SDH/PDH microwaves.)
192 kbit/s (Hybrid
microwave)
The wayside E1 service is supported only when the radio link works in STM-1 mode.
2.5.2 Service Interfaces

The service interfaces of different types can be provided by configuring different service
interface boards.
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Table 2-3 lists the type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service
interface boards to the OptiX RTN 950.
Table 2-3 Type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service interface boards
Type of Service
Interface Board
Maximum
Number of
Boards
Provided Service
Interface
Number of
Interfaces
Provided by One
Board
SP3S
75-ohm or 120-ohm
E1 interface
16
SP3D
75-ohm or 120-ohm
E1 interface
32
SL1D
STM-1 optical
interface: Ie-1,
S-1.1, L-1.1, and
L-1.2
EM6T
FE electrical
interface:
10/100BASE-T(X)
GE electrical
interface:
10/100/1000BASET(X)
FE electrical
interface:
10/100BASE-T(X)
GE electrical
interface:
10/100/1000BASET(X) or
EM6F
GE optical interface:
1000Base-SX,
1000Base-LX
"Maximum Number of Boards" in the Table 2-3 is the maximum number calculated when at least one IF
board is configured.
2.5.3 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 950 provides the management and auxiliary interfaces through the system
control, switching, and timing board and the auxiliary board.
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Product Description
Table 2-4 Type and number of management and auxiliary interfaces

Interface
Specifications
Quantity
External clock
interface
Combined 120-ohm 2,048 kbit/s or 2,048 kHz clock

input/output interface
Management
interface
10/100BASE-T(X) NM interface
NM serial interface
10/100BASE-T(X) NE cascading interface
Orderwire interface
RS-232 asynchronous data interface
64 kbit/s synchronous data interface
Wayside E1 interface
Alarm input/output interface
Four inputs and

two outputs
Auxiliary
interface
Alarm interface
The external clock interface and wayside E1 interface are combined into one interface. This interface
can transparently transmit the DCC byte, orderwire overhead byte, and synchronous/asynchronous
data service overhead byte. One interface, however, can implement only one of the three functions:
external clock interface, wayside E1 service, and transparent transmission of the overhead byte.
The 64 kbit/s synchronous data interface can transparently transmit the orderwire byte. One interface,
however, can implement only one of the two functions: 64 kbit/s synchronous data interface and
transparent transmission of the orderwire byte.
The external clock interface and the management interface are provided by the system control,
switching, and timing board (CST/CSH). The auxiliary interface and the alarm interface are
provided by the AUX board.
The number of external clock interfaces or the number of management interfaces listed in the table is
the number of interfaces provided by one system control, switching, and timing board.
2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation

Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with
co-channel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the
wireless link capacity over the same channel.
CCDP transmission adopts both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized
wave on one channel to transmit two channels of signals. The ideal situation of CCDP
transmission is that no interference is present between the two orthogonal signals although
they are with the same frequency. In this manner, the receiver can easily recover the two
signals. In actual engineering conditions, despite the orthogonality of the two signals,
interference between the signals inevitably occurs due to cross-polarization discrimination
(XPD) of the antenna and channel degradation. To cancel the interference, the XPIC
technology is adopted. In XPIC technology, the signals are received in the horizontal and
vertical directions. The signals in the two directions are then processed and the original
signals are recovered from interfered signals.
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2.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control

Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter to
automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range.
This reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.
2.8 Ethernet Service Processing Capability

The OptiX RTN 950 provides the powerful Ethernet service processing capability.
Table 2-5 Ethernet service processing capability
Item
Performance
Ethernet service
type
E-LINE and E-LAN
Maximum frame
length
1518 bytes to 9600 bytes
VLAN
Adds, deletes, and switches VALN tags that comply with IEEE
802.1q/p, and forwards packets based on VLAN tags.
Processes packets based on the port tag attribute

(Tag/Hybrid/Access).
The E-LAN service supports the MAC address learning capability in

two learning modes: SVL and IVL.
The capacity of the MAC address table is 16 k (including static

entities).
The MAC address aging time can be configured. The value ranges
from 1 to 65535 minutes.
MAC address
learning
capability
MSTP
Supports the MSTP protocol, and generates only the Common and
Internal Spanning Tree (CIST).
IGMP Snooping
Supported.
Link aggregation
Supported for the FE/GE port and microwave port. Supports manual
aggregation and static aggregation, and load sharing and non-load
sharing. The load sharing algorithm is implemented based on the hash
of the MAC address or IP address.
ERPS
Supports the G.8032 compliant ring network protection of Ethernet

services.
LPT
Disables the Ethernet port that is connected to the user equipment

when the transmission network fails.
QoS
Supported. For details, see 2.9 QoS.
Traffic control
function
Supports the IEEE 802.3x complaint traffic control function.
ETH-OAM
Supports IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah compliant ETH-OAM

function.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

2-9

Product Description
Item
Performance
Ethernet
performance
monitoring
Supports IETF RFC2819 compliant RMON performance monitoring.
Port mirror
Supported.
Synchronous
Ethernet
Supports G.8261 and G.8262 compliant synchronous Ethernet.
The E-Line service is an Ethernet private line service. The OptiX RTN 950 supports the private line
service based on the Port, Port+VLAN, and Port+QinQ. A maximum of 1024 E-Line services are
supported.
The E-LAN service is an Ethernet private line service. The OptiX RTN 950 supports the private line
service based on the 802.1d bridge, 802.1q bridge, and 802.1ad bridge. The bridge supports a
maximum of 1024 logical ports.
2.9 QoS
The OptiX RTN 950 provides improved quality of service (QoS) capabilities. Thus, the OptiX
RTN 950 can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build an integrated network
to carry data, voice, and video services.
Table 2-6 QoS features
Feature
Performance
Traffic
classification
Supports the traffic classification based on the Port, CVLAN ID,

SVLAN ID, 802.1p priority of the C-VLAN/S-VLAN packet, and
DSCP.
Traffic policing
Supports the 64 kbit/s step of the CAR, PIR, and CIR.
Queue scheduling
Each Ethernet port supports the queue scheduling of eight priorities.
Flexibly sets the queue scheduling scheme for each Ethernet port.
The queue scheduling modes include SP, SP+WRR, and WRR.
Supports the shaping for the specified Port, priority queue, or service
flow.
Supports the 64 kbit/s step of the PIR and CIR.
Traffic shaping
Buffer capacity
12 Mbit
2.10 Clock Features

The clock features of the OptiX RTN 950 meet the requirements for transporting the clock of
the mobile communication network and provide the complete clock protection mechanism.
2-10

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
Supports the ITU-T G.813 compliant clock available in trace, holdover, and free-run
modes
Supports the extraction of the clock source from line, tributary, radio link, synchronous
Ethernet, and external clock signals.
Supports the SSM protocol and the extended SSM protocol, and the transmission of the
SSM information through SDH line, SDH microwave, Hybrid microwave, synchronous
Ethernet, and external clock signals
Supports the tributary re-timing function
Supports the synchronous Ethernet function.
2.11 Protection Capability

The OptiX RTN 950 provides complete protection schemes.
Table 2-7 Protection schemes
Item
Protection Capability
Power supply
1+1 hot backup for the power input unit

1+1 hot backup of the internal power module
Control, switching, and timing

board
1+1 hot backup
Radio Link
1+1 HSB/SD/FD
N+1 protection (N 4)
SNCP for TDM servicea, b
ERPS for Ethernet serviceb
LAG protection for Ethernet service
Ethernet
LAG protection, which is supported for the FE/GE port

and microwave port
MSTP
ERPS
STM-1
1+1 linear MSP

N:1 linear MSP (N 4)
SNCP for servicec
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

2-11

Product Description
a: When the SDH/PDH radio link forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to protect
SDH/PDH services.
b: When the Hybrid radio link forms the ring network protection, the SNCP is used to protect E1
services and the ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services.
c: When the SDH radio link and the optical STM-1 path form a hybrid ring network, the SNCP is
used to protect services on the ring network.
2.12 Network Management

The OptiX RTN 950 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides
complete NM information exchange schemes.
NM Mode
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the following functions:
z
Accessing the iManager LCT directly at the near end of the NE to perform the
single-point management for the NE
Using the OptiX iManager U2000 to manage all OptiX RTN NEs on the transmission
network and the NEs of Huawei optical transmission products in the concentrated
manner and to manage the transmission networks in the unified manner
NM Information Exchange Schemes

At the physical layer, the OptiX RTN 950 supports the following NM information exchange
schemes:
z
Using one or three Huawei-defined DCC bytes in the PDH microwave frame to transmit
NM information
Using the D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes in the SDH microwave frame and the SDH
frame to transmit NM information
Using three Huawei-defined bytes in the Hybrid microwave frame to transmit NM

information
Using the Ethernet NM interface to transmit NM information
Using the DCC bytes that are transmitted through the external clock interface to transmit
NM information on an SDH/PDH network
Supporting the inband DCN function, and using the Ethernet service bandwidth to
transmit NM information at the Hybrid microwave port or FE/GE port
At the network layer, the OptiX RTN 950 supports the following NM information exchange
schemes:
2-12
Using HWECC to transmit NM information
Using IP over DCC to transmit NM information
Using OSI over DCC to transmit NM information

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
2.13 Easy Installation

The OptiX RTN 950 supports several installation modes. Thus, the installation of the
equipment is flexible and convenient.
The IDU can be installed in the following modes:
z
In a 300 mm ETSI cabinet
In a 600 mm ETSI cabinet
In a 450 mm 19-inch cabinet
In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinet
In an open cabinet
On a wall
On a table
The ODU supports two installation modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.
2.14 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 950 provides several maintenance features. Thus, the cost of equipment
maintenance is effectively reduced.
z
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the unified management of the microwave transmission
network and the optical transmission network at the network layer by using the iManger
U2000.
All the indicators and cable interfaces of the IDU are available on the front panel.
Each board of the IDU has the running and alarm status indicators.
The OptiX RTN 950 provides plentiful alarms and performance events.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports RMON performance events.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the ETH OAM function.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the monitoring and the graphic display of key radio
transmission performance specifications such as the microwave transmit power and the
RSSI.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports.
The OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in test system. You can perform the PRBS test of an IF
port even when no special test tools are available.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the port mirror function so that it can test and diagnose
services without affecting Ethernet services.
The CF card that stores the data configuration file and the software can be replaced on
site. Thus, you can load the data or upgrade the software by replacing the CF card.
Two sets of software and data are stored in the flash memory of the control, switching,
and timing board to facilitate the smooth upgrade.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the regular backup and restoration of the NE database
remotely by using the U2000.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the remote loading of the NE software and data by using
the U2000 to provide a complete NE upgrade solution. Thus, the entire network can be
upgraded rapidly.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

2-13
2-14

Product Description
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the NSF function. When the soft reset is performed for the
NE software, SDH/PDH services and E-Line services are not interrupted, thus
implementing the smooth software upgrade.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the hot patch loading function. You can upgrade the
software that is running without interrupting services.
The OptiX RTN 950 supports the software version rollback function. When a software
upgrade fails, the original software can be recovered, and therefore the original services
of the system can be restored.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Product Structure
This topic describes the system architecture, hardware architecture, and software architecture
of the product, and the process of processing service signals.
3.1 System Architecture

The SDH/PDH microwave system architecture is different from the Hybrid microwave
architecture.
3.1.1 SDH/PDH Microwave

The SDH/PDH microwave equipment consists of a series of functional units, including the
service interface unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary
interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU.
Figure 3-1 Block diagram (SDH/PDH microwave)
RF
signal
ODU
IF signal
IDU
E1/STM-1
Service
interface
unit
VC-4
signal
Timeslot
crossconnect
unit
VC-4
signal
Antenna
IF unit
Control and
overhead bus
Orderwire data
External alarm data
Sync/Async data
Auxiliary
interface
unit
Clock
unit
Clock interface
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
Control
unit
NM data

Fan
unit
Power
unit
-48V/-60V DC
3-1

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Table 3-1 Functional unit (SDH/PDH microwave)

Functional Unit
Function
Service interface
unit
Accesses E1 signals.
Accesses STM-1 signals.
Timeslot
cross-connect unit
Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.
IF unit
Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps

microwave frame signals to service signals.
Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF

analog signals.
Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.
Supports FEC.
Provides the system communications and control.
Provides the system configuration and management.
Collects alarms and monitors performance.
Processes overheads.
Traces the clock source signals and provides various clock signals
for the system.
Provides the input/output interface for external clock signals.
Provides the orderwire interface.
Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.
Provides the external alarm input/output interface.
Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power.
Provides DC power for the IDU.
Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.
Control unit
Clock unit
Auxiliary interface
unit
Power unit
Fan unit
Provides the wind cooling function for the IDU.

The Hybrid microwave equipment consists of a series of functional units, including the
service interface unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, packet switching unit, IF unit, control unit,
clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU.
3-2

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Figure 3-2 Block diagram (Hybrid microwave)

RF
signal
ODU
IDU
VC-4
signal
Service
interface
unit
Ethernet
E1/STM-1
Antenna
IF signal
Timeslot
crossconnect
unit
VC-4
signal
IF unit
Ethernet
signal
Packet
switching
unit
Ethernet
signal
Control and
overhead bus
Orderwire data
External alarm data
Auxiliary
interface
unit
Sync/Async data
Clock
unit
Control
unit
Clock interface
Fan
unit
NM data
Power
unit
-48V/-60V DC
Table 3-2 Functional unit (Hybrid microwave)

Functional Unit
Function
Service interface
unit
Accesses STM-1 signals.
Accesses Ethernet signals.
Timeslot
cross-connect unit
Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.
Packet switching
unit
Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets.
IF unit
Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps

microwave frame signals to service signals.
Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF

analog signals.
Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.
Supports FEC.
Provides the system communications and control.
Provides the system configuration and management.
Collects alarms and monitors performance.
Processes overheads.
Control unit
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

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Product Description
3 Product Structure
Functional Unit
Function
Clock unit
Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signals
for the system.
Supports input and output of one external clock signal.
Provides the orderwire interface.
Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.
Provides the external alarm input/output interface.
Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power.
Provides DC power for the IDU.
Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.
Auxiliary interface
unit
Power unit
Fan unit
Provides the wind cooling function for the IDU
3.2 Hardware Structure

The OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU and the ODU.
An ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service
signals and the O&M signals of the ODU, and supplies -48 V DC power to the ODU.
3.2.1 IDU
The IDU 950 is the indoor unit of the OptiX RTN 950.
The IDU 950 adopts the card plug-in design. It can implement different functions by
configuring different types of boards. All the service boards support hot-swapping.
Figure 3-3 IDU slot layout
Slot
10
(PIU)
Slot
9
(PIU)
Slot
11
(FAN)
Slot 7 (CST/CSH)
Slot 8 (CST/CSH)
Slot 5 (EXT)
Slot 6 (EXT)
Slot 3 (EXT)
Slot 4 (EXT)
Slot 1 (EXT)
Slot 2 (EXT)
The EXT represents an extended slot, which can be inserted with various IF boards and interface boards.
3-4

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Table 3-3 List of IDUs

Board
Name
Full
Spelling
CST
TDM
control,
switching,
and timing
board
CSH
IF1
IFU2
IFX2
SL1D
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
Hybrid
control,
switching,
and timing
board
Valid Slot
Description
Slot 7 or slot
8
Provides full timeslot cross-connections

for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent
to 32x32 VC-4s.
Performs system communication and

control.
Provides the clock processing function

and supports one external clock
input/output function.
Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one

NM serial interface, and one NE
cascading interface.
Provides full timeslot cross-connections

for VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent
to 32x32 VC-4s.
Provides the 10 Gbit/s packet switching

capability.
Performs system communication and

control.
Provides the clock processing function

and supports one external clock
input/output function.
Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one

NM serial interface, and one NE
cascading interface.
Slot 7 or slot
8
SDH IF
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Provides one IF interface.
Supports the TU-based PDH microwave

solution and the STM-1-based SDH
microwave solution.
Universal IF
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Supports the Hybrid microwave solution.
Supports AM.
Supports the XPIC function of the Hybrid

microwave.
Supports the AM of the Hybrid

microwave.
Universal
XPIC IF
board
2xSTM-1
interface
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Slot 1 to slot
6
Uses the SFP module to provide two STM-1

optical interfaces.

3-5

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Board
Name
Full
Spelling
EM6T
6 Port RJ45
Ethernet/Gig
abit Ethernet
Interface
Board
EM6F
Valid Slot
Description
Slot 1 to slot
6
Provides four FE electrical interfaces.
Provides two GE electrical interfaces that

are compatible with the FE electrical
interface.
Provides four FE electrical interfaces.
Uses the SFP module to provide two GE

optical or electrical interfaces. The GE
electrical interfaces are compatible with
the FE electrical interfaces.
4 Port RJ45
+ 2 Port SFP
Fast
Ethernet/Gig
abit Ethernet
Interface
Board
SP3S
16xE1
tributary
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Provides sixteen 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1

interfaces.
SP3D
32xE1
tributary
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Provides thirty-two 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1

interfaces.
AUX
Auxiliary
interface
board
Slot 1 to slot
6
Provides one orderwire interface, one

asynchronous data interface, and four-input
and two-output external alarm interfaces.
TND1PIU
Power board
Slot 9 or slot
10
Provides one -48 V/-60 V DC power input.
TND1FAN
Fan board
Slot 11
Cools and ventilates the IDU.
3.2.2 ODU
The ODU is an integrated system and has various types. The architectures and working
principles of various types of ODUs are almost the same.
3-6

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Block Diagram
Figure 3-4 Block diagram of the ODU
Multiplexer
Tx IF
O&M
uplink
Cable port
Up-conversion
Rx IF
Tx RF
Duplexer
CTRL
O&M
downlink
DC
AMP
Antenna port
Synthesizers
PWR
Down-conversion
LNA
Rx RF
Signal Processing in the Transmit Direction

The multiplexer splits the signal coming from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, an O&M
uplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal.
In the transmit direction, the IF signal is processed as follows:
1.
Through the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the IF signal is converted into
the RF signal and then is sent to the AMP amplifier unit.
2.
The AMP amplifies the RF signal (the output power of the signal can be controlled by
the IDU software).
3.
After the amplification, the RF signal is sent to the antenna through the duplexer.
The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRL
control unit.
The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply
of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.
Signal Processing in the Receive Direction

In the duplexer, the receive RF signal is separated from the antenna signal. The RF signal is
amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-conversion, filtering, and
amplification, the RF signal is converted into the 140 MHz IF signal and then sent to the
multiplexer.
The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK scheme in the CTRL unit. The 10
MHz signal is generated through the modulation and is sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit
also detects the received signal power through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the
RSSI interface.
The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and then sent to
the IDU through the IF cable.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

3-7

Product Description
3 Product Structure
3.3 Software Structure

The OptiX RTN 950 software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU
software.
Figure 3-5 shows the software structure. The NMS software communicates with the NE
software through the Qx interface. The Qx interface uses the OptiX private management
protocol.
Figure 3-5 Software structure
NMS software
Qx interface
IDU software
ODU software
3.3.1 NMS Software

Huawei provides a transmission network management solution that meets the requirements of
the telecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN
products and other OptiX series transmission products on the network.
3.3.2 IDU Software

The IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software.
The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU. Through the
NE software, the NMS communicates with the boards, and controls and manages the NE. The
NE software communicates with the ODU software to manage and control the running of the
ODU.
The board software manages and controls the running status of other boards of the IDU except
the system control, switching, and timing board. The boards except the EM6T/EM6F board in
the IDU do not have their independent board software. The board software of the boards
except the EM6T/EM6F board in the IDU is integrated as software modules with the NE
software and runs in the CPU of the system control, switching, and timing board.
3.3.3 ODU Software

The ODU Software manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU software
controls the running of the ODU based on the parameters transmitted by the IDU software.
The ODU running status is reported to the IDU software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

The flow for transmitting the PDH microwave signals is different from the flow for
transmitting the Hybrid microwave signals.
3-8

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
3.4.1 SDH/PDH Microwave

This topic considers the transmission of the E1 services by the IF1 board as an example to
describe the service signal processing flow of the SDH/PDH microwave.
Figure 3-6 Service signal processing flow of the SDH/PDH microwave
IDU
E1
SP3S/
SP3D
VC-4
signal
CST/
CSH
VC-4
signal
IF1
IF
signal
ODU
RF
signal
Antenna
Table 3-4 Service signal processing flow of the SDH/PDH microwave in the transmit direction
NO.
Component
Signal Processing Description
SP3S/SP3D
Performs HDB3 decoding.
Maps E1 service signals into VC-12 signals.
Multiplexes the VC-12 signals into VC-4 signals.
Transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect

unit of the CST/CSH.
CST/CSH
The timeslot cross-connect unit grooms VC-12 signals to

the VC-4 signals of the IF1 board.
IF1
Demultiplexes the VC-12 signals to be transmitted from

VC-4 signals.
Maps the VC-12 signals into the TU-12-based or

STM-1-based microwave frame payload area to add
microwave frame overheads and pointers, and form
complete microwave frames.
Performs FEC coding.
Performs digital modulation.
Performs D/A conversion.
Performs analog modulation.
Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the IF cable.
Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48

V power.
Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up

conversions and amplification.
Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the

waveguide.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
ODU

3-9

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Table 3-5 Service signal processing flow of the SDH/PDH microwave in the receive direction
NO.
Component
ODU
Isolates and filters RF signals.
Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through

down conversions and amplification.
Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals to the IF board through

the IF cable.
Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M

signals.
Performs A/D conversion for the IF signals.
Performs digital demodulation.
Performs time domain adaptive equalization.
Performs FEC decoding.
Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.
Extracts overheads from microwave frames.
Extracts VC-12 signals from the microwave frames and

multiplexes the VC-12 signals into VC-4 signals.

unit of the CST/CSH.
IF1
CST/CSH
The timeslot cross-connect unit grooms VC-12 signals to

the VC-4 signals of the SP3S/SP3D.
SP3S/SP3D
Demultiplexes VC-12 signals from VC-4 signals.
Demaps E1 service signals from the VC-12 signals.
Performs HDB3 coding.
Outputs E1 signals.

This topic considers the transmission of the E1 services and the FE services by the IFU2 as an
example to describe the service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave.
3-10

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Figure 3-7 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave

IDU
E1
SP3S/
SP3D
VC-4
signal
VC-4
signal
IFU2
CSH
FE
EM6T/
EM6F
IF
signal
ODU
RF
signal
Ethernet
signal
Ethernet
signal
Antenna
Table 3-6 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave in the transmit direction
NO.
Component
SP3S/SP3D
Performs HDB3 decoding.
Maps E1 service signals into VC-12 signals.
Multiplexes the VC-12 signals into VC-4 signals.

unit of the CSH.
Accesses FE signals.
Performs decoding.
Aligns frames, strips the preamble code, and processes the

CRC check code.
Forwards Ethernet frames to the packet switching unit of

the CSH.
Based on the service configuration, the timeslot

cross-connect unit grooms VC-12 signals to the VC-4
signals of the IFU2 board.
The packet switching unit processes Ethernet frames

based on the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and
then forwards the processed Ethernet frames to the IFU2
through the microwave port.
EM6T/EM6F
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
CSH

3-11

Product Description
3 Product Structure
NO.
Component
IFU2
Selects the proper modulation mode based on the current

channel quality.
Demultiplexes the VC-12 signals to be transmitted from

VC-4 signals.
Maps the E1 service signals and the Ethernet frames into

the microwave frame payload area to add microwave
frame overheads and form complete microwave frames.
Performs FEC coding.
Performs digital modulation.
Performs D/A conversion.
Performs analog modulation
Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the IF cable.
Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48

V power.
Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up

conversions and amplification.
Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the

waveguide.
ODU
Table 3-7 Service signal processing flow of the Hybrid microwave in the receive direction
3-12
NO.
Component
ODU
Isolates and filters RF signals.
Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through

down conversions and amplification.
Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards through

the IF cable.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
3 Product Structure
NO.
Component
IFU2
Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M

signals.
Performs A/D conversion.
Performs digital demodulation.
Performs time domain adaptive equalization.
Performs FEC decoding.
Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.
Extracts overheads from microwave frames.
Extracts E1 service signals from microwave frames and

maps the E1 service signals into VC-12 signals.
Multiplexes the VC-12 signals into VC-4 signals and

transmits the VC-4 signals to the timeslot cross-connect
unit of the CSH board.
Extracts Ethernet frames from the microwave frames, and

then transmits the Ethernet frames to the packet switching
unit of the CSH board.
Based on the data configuration, the timeslot

cross-connect unit grooms VC-12 signals to the VC-4
signals of the SP3S or SP3D.
The packet switching unit processes Ethernet frames

based on the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and
then forwards the processed Ethernet frames to the related
EM6T/EM6F board.
Demultiplexes VC-12 signals from VC-4 signals.
Performs HDB3 coding.
Outputs E1 signals.
Aligns frames, adds the preamble code, and processes the

CRC check code.
Performs coding.
Outputs FE signals.
CSH
SP3S/SP3D
EM6T/EM6F
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

3-13

Product Description
4 Networking
Networking
The OptiX RTN 950 provides complete microwave transmission solutions and supports
several types of networking solutions to meet different customer requirements.
4.1 SDH/PDH Microwave

The SDH/PDH microwave has two networking modes, namely, chain networking and ring
networking.
4.1.1 Chain Networking

In the TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic
networking form, a hop of radio link is the basic networking unit.
Figure 4-1 shows the TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking is
the basic form of networking. In this solution:
z
The PDH radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be established based
on the capacity of an access link. An ordinary link adopts the 1+0 non-protection
configuration, and an important link adopts the 1+1 protection configuration.
In the case of aggregation links, the SDH/PDH radio link with the appropriate
air-interface capacity can be established based on the capacity of the aggregation links.
In addition, by configuring the N+1 protection of the SDH links, the service capacity
between two stations can be improved to NxSTM-1.
By using the multidirectional microwave convergence capacity of the OptiX RTN 950,
the multi-hop microwave convergence transmission of the nodal station can be realized.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

4-1

Product Description
4 Networking
Figure 4-1 TDM microwave transmission solution (chain networking)

Tail link
Feeder link
1+1
E1
BTS
1+1
STM-1
E1
Regional backhaul
network
BSC
1+0
BTS
E1
BTS
4.1.2 Ring Networking

In the TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic
networking form, the SNCP is used to protect SDH/PDH services on the microwave ring.
Figure 4-2 shows the TDM microwave transmission solution wherein the ring networking is
the basic networking form. In this solution, the SNCP is used to protect SDH/PDH microwave
transmission services.
Figure 4-2 TDM microwave transmission solution (ring networking)
E1
BTS
BTS
E1
SDH/PDH radio ring
STM-1 Regional backhaul

network
E1
BSC
BTS
E1
BTS
The ring networking has a special form. That is, when the OptiX RTN 950 is used to establish
an STM-1 radio link, the OptiX RTN 950 and the optical transmission equipment form the
hybrid ring network of optical fibers and microwaves. The ring network also uses the SNCP
to protect the services on the ring, as shown in Figure 4-3.
4-2

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
4 Networking
Figure 4-3 TDM microwave transmission solution (hybrid networking formed with the optical
transmission equipment)
E1
BTS
E1
BTS
STM-1 ring
E1
BTS
STM-1 Regional backhaul

network
Optical
transmission
equipment
BSC
E1
BTS
4.2 Hybrid Microwave

The Hybrid microwave has two networking modes, namely, chain networking and ring
networking.
4.2.1 Chain Networking

In the Hybrid microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking is the basic
networking form, a hop of radio link is the basic networking unit.
Figure 4-4 shows the Hybrid microwave transmission solution wherein the chain networking
is the basic networking form. In this solution:
z
The Hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be established
based on the capacity of an access link. An ordinary link adopts the 1+0 non-protection
configuration. An important link adopts the 1+1 protection configuration.
The Hybrid radio link of the corresponding air-interface capacity can be established
according to the capacity of an aggregation link. The Hybrid radio link adopts the 1+1
protection configuration. By configuring the 1+1 protection for the XPIC Hybrid link,
the service capacity of the same microwave channel can be doubled. In addition, by
configuring the N+1 protection of the Hybrid radio link, the service capacity between
two stations can be improved by N times.
By using the multidirectional microwave convergence capacity of the OptiX RTN 950,
the multi-hop microwave convergence transmission of the nodal station can be realized.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

4-3

Product Description
4 Networking
Figure 4-4 Hybrid microwave transmission solution (chain networking)

Tail link
Feeder link
1+1
E1
BTS
1+1
STM-1+
GE
FE
BSC
Regional backhaul
network
1+0
NodeB
E1
BTS
RNC
FE
NodeB
4.2.2 Ring Networking

In the Hybrid microwave transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the basic
networking form, the SNCP is used to protect the E1 services on the microwave ring, and the
ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services on the microwave ring.
Figure 4-5 Hybrid microwave transmission solution (ring networking)
E1
BTS
FE
NodeB
E1
BTS
Hybrid radio ring

FE
STM-1+
GE
BSC
Regional backhaul
network
E1
NodeB
BTS
FE
RNC
NodeB
4-4

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
5 Network Management System
Network Management System
This topic describes the network management solution and the NMS software that contributes
to this solution.
5.1 Network Management Solution

Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for
different function domains and customers on telecommunication networks.
The NM solutions include the following:
z
iManager LCT local maintenance terminal
iManager U2000 unified network management system
Figure 5-1 Network management solution to the transmission network
Network-level NM
iManager
U2000
Local craft terminal

iManager LCT
5.2 LCT
The LCT is a local maintenance terminal. The LCT provides the following management
functions at the NE layer: NE management, alarm management, performance management,
configuration management, communication management, and security management.
NE Management
z
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
Search of NEs

5-1

Product Description

z
Addition/Deletion of NEs
Login or logout of NEs
NE time management
Alarm Management
z
Setting of alarm monitoring strategies
View of alarms
Deletion of alarms
Performance Management
z
Setting of performance monitoring strategies
View of performance events
Resetting of performance registers
Configuration Management
z
Basic NE information configuration
Radio link configuration
Protection configuration
Interface configuration
Service configuration
Clock configuration
Communication Management
z
Communication parameter management
DCC management
HWECC protocol management
IP protocol management
OSI protocol management
Security Management
5-2
NE user management
NE user group management
LCT access control
Online user management
NE security parameters
NE security log
NMS user management
NMS log management

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000
server through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in the unified manner. The
U2000 can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the management
function at the network layer.
NE Level Management
z
NE object management
NE level alarm management
NE level performance management
NE level configuration management
NE level communication management
NE level security management
Network Level Management

z
Topology management
Network level alarm management
Network level performance management
Network level configuration management
Network level communication management
Network level security management
Network-wide clock management
Report function
Northbound SNMP interface
Others
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

5-3

Product Description
6 Performance
Performance
6.1 RF Performance
6.1.1 Microwave Work Modes
SDH/PDH Microwave Work Modes
Table 6-1 SDH/PDH microwave work modes (IF1 board)
Service Capacity
Modulation Mode
Channel Spacing (MHz)
4xE1
QPSK
4xE1
16QAM
3.5
8xE1
QPSK
14 (13.75)
8xE1
16QAM
16xE1
QPSK
28 (27.5)
16xE1
16QAM
14 (13.75)
22xE1
32QAM
14 (13.75)
26xE1
64QAM
14 (13.75)
35xE1
16QAM
28 (27.5)
44xE1
32QAM
28 (27.5)
53xE1
64QAM
28 (27.5)
STM-1
128QAM
28 (27.5)
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency band.
The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the product.
The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.

6-1

Product Description
6 Performance
z
The SDH/PDH radio link of the OptiX RTN 950 supports all microwave modulation mode. If the
SDH/PDH radio link supports the 4xE1/16QAM microwave modulation mode, it cannot use the
high power ODU.
Hybrid Microwave Work Modes

Table 6-2 Hybrid microwave work modes (IFU2 board)
6-2
Modulation
Mode
Service
Capacity
(Mbit/s)
Maximum
Number of
E1s in
Services
Ethernet
Throughput
(Mbit/s)
QPSK
10
9 to 11
16QAM
20
10
19 to 23
32QAM
25
12
24 to 29
64QAM
32
15
31 to 37
128QAM
38
18
37 to 44
256QAM
44
21
43 to 51
14 (13.75)
QPSK
20
10
20 to 23
14 (13.75)
16QAM
42
20
41 to 48
14 (13.75)
32QAM
51
24
50 to 59
14 (13.75)
64QAM
66
31
65 to 76
14 (13.75)
128QAM
78
37
77 to 90
14 (13.75)
256QAM
90
43
90 to 104
28 (27.5)
QPSK
42
20
41 to 48
28 (27.5)
16QAM
84
40
84 to 97
28 (27.5)
32QAM
105
50
108 to 125
28 (27.5)
64QAM
133
64
130 to 150
28 (27.5)
128QAM
158
75
160 to 180
28 (27.5)
256QAM
183
75
180 to 210
56 (55)
QPSK
84
40
84 to 97
56 (55)
16QAM
168
75
170 to 190
56 (55)
32QAM
208
75
210 to 240
56 (55)
64QAM
265
75
260 to 310
56 (55)
128QAM
313
75
310 to 360
56 (55)
256QAM
363
75
360 to 420
Channel
Spacing
(MHz)

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
Table 6-3 Hybrid microwave work modes (IFX2 board)

Channel
Spacing
(MHz)
Modulation
Mode
Service
Capacity
(Mbit/s)
Maximum
Number of
E1s in
Services
Ethernet
Throughput
(Mbit/s)
28 (27.5)
QPSK
42
19
41 to 48
28 (27.5)
16QAM
84
40
84 to 97
28 (27.5)
32QAM
104
49
103 to 120
28 (27.5)
64QAM
132
63
130 to 150
28 (27.5)
128QAM
159
75
160 to 180
28 (27.5)
256QAM
182
75
180 to 210
56 (55)
QPSK
83
39
84 to 97
56 (55)
16QAM
166
75
170 to 190
56 (55)
32QAM
213
75
215 to 245
56 (55)
64QAM
262
75
260 to 305
56 (55)
128QAM
311
75
310 to 360
56 (55)
256QAM
359
75
360 to 410
The channel spacings 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, and 55 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency
band.
The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the product.
The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.
E1 services need to occupy the corresponding bandwidth of the service capacity. The bandwidth
remaining after the E1 service capacity is subtracted from the service capacity can be provided for
Ethernet services.
The Hybrid radio link of the OptiX RTN 950 supports all microwave modulation mode. If the
Hybrid radio link supports the 56 MHz microwave modulation mode, it must use the high power
ODU.
6.1.2 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.
For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dB from the typical value.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-3

Product Description
6 Performance
SDH/PDH Microwave
Table 6-4 Typical receiver sensitivity values (i) of the SDH/PDH microwave
Item
Performance
4xE1
QPSK
8xE1
16QAM
16xE1
QPSK
16QAM
QPSK
16QAM
RSL@ BER = 10-6 (unit: dBm)

@6 GHz
-91.5
-87.5
-88.5
-84.5
-85.5
-81.5
@7 GHz
-91.5
-87.5
-88.5
-84.5
-85.5
-81.5
@8 GHz
-91.5
-87.5
-88.5
-84.5
-85.5
-81.5
@11 GHz
-91.0
-87.0
-88.0
-84.0
-85.0
-81.0
@13 GHz
-91.0
-87.0
-88.0
-84.0
-85.0
-81.0
@15 GHz
-91.0
-87.0
-88.0
-84.0
-85.0
-81.0
@18 GHz
-91.0
-87.0
-88.0
-84.0
-85.0
-81.0
@23 GHz
-90.5
-86.5
-87.5
-83.5
-84.5
-80.5
@26 GHz
-90.0
-86.0
-87.0
-83.0
-84.0
-80.0
@32 GHz
-89.0
-85.0
-86.0
-82.0
-83.0
-79.0
@38 GHz
-88.5
-84.5
-85.5
-81.5
-82.5
-78.5
Table 6-5 Typical receiver sensitivity values (ii) of the SDH/PDH microwave
Item
Performance
22xE1
26xE1
35xE1
44xE1
53xE1
STM-1
32QAM
64QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
RSL@ BER = 10-6 (unit: dBm)
6-4
@6 GHz
-80.5
-76.5
-79.0
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
@7 GHz
-80.5
-76.5
-79.0
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
@8 GHz
-80.5
-76.5
-79.0
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
@11 GHz
-80.0
-76.0
-78.5
-77.0
-73.0
-70.0
@13 GHz
-80.0
-76.0
-78.5
-77.0
-73.0
-70.0
@15 GHz
-80.0
-76.0
-78.5
-77.0
-73.0
-70.0
@18 GHz
-80.0
-76.0
-78.5
-77.0
-73.0
-70.0
@23 GHz
-79.5
-75.5
-78.0
-76.5
-72.5
-69.5

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
Item
6 Performance
Performance
22xE1
26xE1
35xE1
44xE1
53xE1
STM-1
32QAM
64QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
@26 GHz
-79.0
-75.0
-77.5
-76.0
-72.0
-69.0
@32 GHz
-78.0
-74.0
-76.5
-75.0
-71.0
-68.0
@38 GHz
-77.5
-73.5
-76.0
-74.5
-70.5
-67.5
Hybrid Microwave
The 6 GHz ODU does not support the modulation mode of 256QAM and the channel spacing of 56
MHz. The receiver sensitivity is not available (NA).
Table 6-6 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity (i) of the Hybrid microwave
Performance (Channel Spacing: 7 MHz)
Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
RSL@ BER=10-66 (dBm)

@6 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
NA
@7 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
@8 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
@11 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@13 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@15 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@18 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@23 GHz
-91.5
-85.5
-81.5
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
@26 GHz
-91
-85
-81
-78
-75
-72
@32 GHz
-90
-84
-80
-77
-74
-71
@38 GHz
-89.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
Table 6-7 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity (ii) of the Hybrid microwave
Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-5

Product Description
6 Performance

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
@6 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
NA
@7 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
@8 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
@11 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@13 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@15 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@18 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@23 GHz
-89.5
-82.5
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
@26 GHz
-89
-82
-78
-75
-72
-69
@32 GHz
-88
-81
-77
-74
-71
-68
@38 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
Table 6-8 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity (iii) of the Hybrid microwave
Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)
6-6
@6 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
NA
@7 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
@8 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
@11 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@13 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@15 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@18 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@23 GHz
-86.5
-79.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
@26 GHz
-86
-79
-75
-72
-69
-66
@32 GHz
-85
-78
-74
-71
-68
-65
@38 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
Table 6-9 Typical values of the receiver sensitivity (iv) of the Hybrid microwave
Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
RSL@ BER=10-6 (dBm)

@6 GHz
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
@7 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
@8 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
@11 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@13 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@15 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@18 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@23 GHz
-83.5
-76.5
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-63.5
@26 GHz
-83
-76
-72
-69
-66
-63
@32 GHz
-82
-75
-71
-68
-65
-62
@38 GHz
-81.5
-74.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
-61.5
6.1.3 Distortion Sensitivity

The distortion sensitivity reflects the anti-multipath fading capability of the OptiX RTN 950.
The notch depth of the OptiX RTN 950 meets the requirements described in ETSI EN
302217-2-2. Table 6-10 describes the anti-multipath fading capability of the OptiX RTN 950
in STM-1/128QAM microwave working modes.
Table 6-10 Anti-multipath fading capability
Item
Performance
STM-1/128QAM W-curve
See Figure 6-1
STM-1/128QAM dispersion fading margin
51 dB
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-7

Product Description
6 Performance
Figure 6-1 W-curve
6.1.4 ODU Performance

The performance of the ODU includes the modulation mode, transceiver performance and
frequency information. For details of the specifications, see the annex.
6.1.5 IF Performance
The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the
ODU O&M signal.
Table 6-11 IF performance
Item
Performance
IF signal
Transmit frequency of the IF
board (MHz)
350
Receive frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
140
Impedance (ohm)
50
ODU O&M signal
6-8
Modulation mode
ASK
Transmit frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
5.5
Receive frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
10

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme
and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.
Table 6-12 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem
Item
Performance
Encoding mode
Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding for PDH signals
Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) and RS two-level encoding for

SDH signals
Low-density parity check code (LDPC) encoding for Hybrid

microwave.
Adaptive
time-domain
equalizer for
baseband signals
Supported.
6.2 Interface Performance

This section describes the technical specifications of various services and auxiliary interfaces.
6.2.1 SDH Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the SDH optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825.
STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825. The
following table provides the primary performance.
Table 6-13 STM-1 optical interface performance
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s)
155520
Classification code
Ie-1
S-1.1
L-1.1
L-1.2
Fiber type
Multi-mode
fiber
Single-mode
fiber
Single-mode
fiber
Single-mode
fiber
Transmission distance
(km)
15
40
80
Operating wavelength
(nm)
1270 to 1380
1261 to 1360
1263 to 1360
1480 to 1580
Mean launched power

(dBm)
-19 to -14
-15 to -8
-5 to 0
-5 to 0
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-9

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Receiver minimum
sensitivity (dBm)
-30
-28
-34
-34
Minimum overload (dBm)
-14
-8
-10
-10
Minimum extinction ratio

(dB)
10
8.2
10
10
The OptiX RTN 950 uses SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types of
SFP modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
6.2.2 E1 Interface Performance

The performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703/G.823.
E1 Interface Performance
Table 6-14 E1 interface performance
Item
Performance
2048
Code pattern
HDB3
Wire pair in each

transmission direction
One coaxial wire pair
One symmetrical wire pair
Impedance (ohm)
75
120
6.2.3 Ethernet Interface Performance

The performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.
GE Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the GE optical interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following
table provides the primary performance.
Table 6-15 Performance of the GE optical interface
6-10
Item
Performance
1000
Classification code
1000Base-SX
1000Base-LX
Fiber type
Multiple-mode
optical fiber
Single-mode optical
fiber

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Transmission distance (km)
0.5
10
Operating wavelength (nm)
770 to 860
1270 to 1355
Mean launched power (dBm)
-9.5 to 0
-9 to -3
Receiver minimum sensitivity (dBm)
-17
-19
Minimum overload (dBm)
-3
Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
The OptiX RTN 950 uses SFP modules for providing GE optical interfaces. You can use different types
of SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission
distances.
GE electric Interface Performance

The GE electric interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides the
primary performance.
Table 6-16 GE electric interface performance
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s)
10 (10BASE-T)
100 (100BASE-TX)
1000 (1000BASE-T)
Code pattern
Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T)
Interface type
RJ-45
FE electric Interface Performance

The 10/100BASE-T(X) interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides
the primary performance.
Table 6-17 FE electric interface performance
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s)
10 (10BASE-T)
100 (100BASE-TX)
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-11

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Code pattern
Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
Interface type
RJ-45
6.2.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The auxiliary interface performance includes the performance of the orderwire interface,
synchronous data interface, and asynchronous data interface.
Orderwire Interface Performance

Table 6-18 Orderwire interface performance
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the E1 and E2 bytes in the SDH overhead or the

Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the microwave
frame.
Orderwire type
Addressing call
Wire pair in each

transmission direction
One symmetrical wire pair
Impedance (ohm)
600
The OptiX RTN equipment also supports the orderwire group call function. For example, when an
OptiX RTN equipment calls the number of 888, the orderwire group call number, all the OptiX RTN
equipment orderwire phones in the orderwire subnet ring until a phone is answered. Then, a
point-to-point orderwire phone call is established.
Synchronous Data Interface Performance

Table 6-19 Synchronous data interface performance
6-12
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the F1 byte in the SDH overhead or the

frame.
64
Interface type
Codirectional
Interface characteristics
Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
Asynchronous Data Interface

Table 6-20 Asynchronous data interface performance
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the user-defined byte of the SDH overhead or the

frame.
19.2
Interface characteristics
Meets the RS-232 standard.
Wayside Service Interface Performance

Table 6-21 Wayside service interface performance
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the Huawei-defined bytes in the overhead of the

microwave frame.
2048
Impedance (ohm)
120
6.3 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance

The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the product meet relevant
ITU-T recommendations.
Table 6-22 Clock timing and synchronization performance
Item
Performance
External synchronization
source
2048 kbit/s (compliant with ITU-T G.703 9), or 2048 kHz

(compliant with ITU-T G.703 13)
Frequency accuracy
Compliant with ITU-T G.813
Pull-in, hold-in, and pull-out

ranges
Noise generation
Noise tolerance
Noise transfer
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-13

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Transient response and

holdover performance
6.4 Integrated System Performance

Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, power supply, EMC, lightning
protection, safety, and environment.
Dimensions
Table 6-23 Dimensions
Component
Dimensions
IDU
442 mm (width) x 220 mm (depth) x 88 mm (height)
ODU
< 280 mm (width) x 92 mm (depth) x 280 mm (height)
Power Supply
Table 6-24 Power Supply
Component
Performance
IDU
Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2
Supporting two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

inputs (mutual backup)
Supporting the backup of the 1+1 3.3 V power units.
Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2
Supporting one -48 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power input

that is provided by the IDU
ODU
Electromagnetic Compatibility
6-14
Passes CE authentication.
Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-1.
Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-4.
Compliant with CISPR 22.
Compliant with EN 55022.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
6 Performance
Lightning Protection
z
Compliant with ITU-T K.27.
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 253.
Passes CE authentication.
Compliant with ETSI EN 60215.
Compliant with ETSI EN 60950.
Compliant with IEC 60825.
Safety
Environment
The IDU is a unit used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can
be controlled. The ODU is an outdoor unit.
Table 6-25 Environment performance
Item
Major
reference
standards
Air
temperature
Component
IDU
ODU
Operation
Compliant with ETSI EN

300 019-1-3 class 3.2
Compliant with ETSI EN

300 019-1-4 class 4.1
Transportation
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3
Storage
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2
Operation
-5C to +55C
Transportation
and storage
-40C to +70C
-35C to +55C
Relative humidity
5% to 95%
5% to 100%
Noise
< 7.2 bel, compliant with

ETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2
attended
Earthquake
Compliant with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4
Mechanical stress
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

6-15

Product Description
A Glossary
Glossary
Terms are listed in an alphabetical order.

Number
1U
The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44

mm/1.75 in.)
1+1 protection
A radio link protection system composed of one working channel and

one protection channel. Two ODUs and two IF boards are used at each
end of a radio link.
A
Adaptive
modulation
A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode

based on the channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the
equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation mode to improve the
transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system. When
the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts the low-efficiency
modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the link
that carries high-priority services.
Add/Drop
multiplexer
A network element that adds/drops the PDH signal or STM-x (x < N)

signal to/from the STM-N signal on the SDH transport network.
Adjacent
channel
alternate
polarization
A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a

horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to
transmit two signals.
Automatic
transmit
power control
A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the

transmit signal detected at the receiver.
C
Co-channel
dual
polarization
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization

wave and a vertical polarization wave to transmit two signals. The
co-channel dual polarization is twice the transmission capacity of the
single polarization.

A-1

Product Description
A Glossary
A technology used in the case of the co-channel dual polarization

(CCDP) to eliminate the cross-connect interference between two
polarization waves in the CCDP.
Cross
polarization
interference
cancellation
D
DC-C
A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is

short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply
cabinet and also on the line between the output of the power supply
cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-I
A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is

short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply
cabinet and is isolated from the PGND on the line between the output of
the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
Digital
modulation
A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and

frequency of the carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital
signal. In this manner, the information can be transmitted by the carrier.
Dual-polarized
antenna
An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two

independent radio waves orthogonally polarized.
E
Equalization
A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can

compensate for the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency
selective fading.
Bit error
A symptom that the quality of the transmitted information is degraded

because some bits of a data stream are errored after being received,
decided, and regenerated.
F
Forward error
correction
A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to

the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the
bit errors generated during transmission are corrected at the receive end.
Frequency
diversity
A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies

with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same
signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease
the impact of fading.
G
Gateway
network
element
A-2
A network element that is used for communication between the NE

application layer and the NM application layer.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
A Glossary
H
The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals.
Hybrid radio supports the AM function.
Hybrid radio
I
Indoor Unit
The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements

accessing, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.
Internet
Group
Management
Protocol
The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol

multicast groups among the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and
adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group
memberships.
Intermediate
frequency
The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated

signal and an RF signal.
IGMP
snooping
A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This

protocol manages and controls the multicast group by listening to and
analyze the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packet
between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the
multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
L
Layer 2 switch
A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet

switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address.
Since the MAC address is the second layer of the OSI model, this data
forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.
LCT
The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located

on the NE management layer of the transport network.
Link
aggregation
group
An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together

to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link
aggregation group as if it were a single link.
Trail
A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from

the input of the trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring
the integrality of the transferred signals.
M
Multiplex
section
protection
The function performed to provide capability for switching a signal

between and including two MST functions, from a "working" to a
"protection" channel.
Multiple
Spanning Tree
Protocol
MSTP is an evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol and the Rapid

Spanning Tree Protocol, and was introduced in IEEE 802.1s as
amendment to 802.1Q, 1998 edition. Standard IEEE 802.1Q-2003 now
includes MSTP.
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

A-3

Product Description
A Glossary
N
N+1 protection
A microwave link protection system that employs N working channels

and one protection channel.
Network
element
A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software
running on it. One NE is at least equipped with one system control board
which manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE
software runs on the system control Unit.
Network
management
system
The network management system in charge of the operation,

administration, and maintenance of a network.
Non-gateway
network
element
A network element whose communication with the NM application layer

must be transferred by the gateway network element application layer.
O
Orderwire
A channel that provides voice communication between operation

engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations.
Outdoor unit
The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements

frequency conversion and amplification for RF signals.
P
Plesiochronous
Digital
Hierarchy
A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It

multiplexes the minimum rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140
Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
Polarization
A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field

vector is fixed or rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field
vector of the electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of
horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically polarized wave; if
the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal
polarized wave; if the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in
space, describes a circle, this electromagnetic wave is called circularly
polarized wave.
Q
QinQ
A-4
A layer 2 tunnel protocol based on IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. It

encapsulates the tag of the user's private virtual local area network
(VLAN) into the tag of the public VLAN. The packet carries two layers
of tags to travel through the backbone network of the carrier. In this
manner, the layer 2 virtual private network (VPN) is provided for the
user.

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
A Glossary
R
Rapid
Spanning Tree
Protocol
An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster

spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol
is backward compatible with the STP protocol.
S
Single
polarized
antenna
An antenna that can transmit only one channel of polarized

electromagnetic waves.
Space diversity
A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a

specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
Currently, only receive SD is used.
Spanning Tree
Protocol
An algorithm defined in the IEEE 802.1D. It configures the active

topology of a Bridged LAN of arbitrary topology into a single spanning
tree.
Subnet
A logical entity in the transmission network, which comprises a group of

network management objects. A subnet can contain NEs and other
subnets.
Subnetwork
connection
protection
A function, which allows a working subnetwork connection to be

replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if the working
subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required
level.
Synchronous
Digital
Hierarchy
A hierarchical set of synchronous digital transport, multiplexing, and

cross-connect structures, which is standardized for the transport of
suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks.
U
U2000
A unified network management system developed by Huawei. It can

support all the NE level and network level management functions, and
can manage the transport network, access network, and MAN Ethernet
in a unified manner.
V
Virtual LAN
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
An end-to-end logical network that can travel through several network

segments or networks by using the network management software based
on the switch LAN. The IEEE 802.1Q is the main standard for the
virtual LAN.

A-5

Product Description
B Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and abbreviations are listed in alphabetical order.

A
APS
Automatic Protection Switching
ASK
Amplitude Shift Keying
ATPC
Automatic Transmit Power Control
B
BER
Bit Error Rate
BSC
Base Station Controller
C
CCDP
Co-Channel Dual Polarization
CF
Compact Flash card
CIST
Common and Internal Spanning Tree
CoS
Class of Service
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
C-VLAN
Customer VLAN
D
DC
Direct Current
DCC
Data Communications Channel
DCN
Data Communication Network
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

B-1

Product Description
E
ECC
Embedded Control Channel
E-LAN
Ethernet-LAN
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
ERPS
Ethernet Ring Protection Switching
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
F
FCS
Frame Check Sequence
FD
Frequency Diversity
FE
Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forward Error Correction
G
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
GUI
Graphical User Interface
H
HDB3
High Density Bipolar Code 3
HSB
Hot Standby
HSM
Hitless Switch Mode
B-2
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol
IDU
Indoor Unit
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
The Internet Engineering Task Force
IF
Intermediate Frequency
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IP
Internet Protocol

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6
ISO
International Standard Organization
ITU-T
International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication

Standardization Sector
L
LAN
Local Area Network
LAG
Link Aggregation Group
LCT
Generation-Local Craft Terminal
LDPC
Low-Density Parity Check code
LMSP
Linear Multiplex Section Protection
LPT
Link State Pass Through
M
MADM
Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer
MBS
Maximum Burst Size
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
MSTP
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR
Mean Time To Repair
N
NE
Network Element
NMS
Network Management System
O
OAM
Operations, Administration and Maintenance
ODU
Outdoor Unit
P
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PRBS
Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

B-3

Product Description
Q
QinQ
802.1Q in 802.1Q
QoS
Quality of Service
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
R
RF
Radio Frequency
RFC
Request For Comment
RMON
Remote Monitoring
RNC
Radio Network Controller
RS
Reed-Solomon encoding
RSL
Received Signal Level
RSSI
Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RTN
Radio Transmission Node
B-4
SD
Space Diversity
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFP
Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SNC
SubNetwork Connection
SNCP
Sub-Network Connection Protection
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SP
Strict Priority
SSM
Synchronization Status Message
STM
Synchronous Transport Module
STM-1
SDH Transport Module -1
STM-1e
STM-1 Electrical Interface
STM-1o
STM-1 Optical Interface
STM-N
SDH Transport Module -N
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol
SVL
Shared VLAN Learning

Issue 02 (2009-12-20)

Product Description
T
TCP
Transfer Control Protocol
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TMN
Telecommunication Management Network
V
VC
Virtual Container
VC-12
Virtual Container -12
VC-3
VC-4
VCG
Virtual Concatenation Group
VLAN
Virtual LAN
VoIP
Voice over IP
VPN
Virtual Private Network
W
WAN
Wide Area Network
WRR
Weighted Round Robin
WTR
Wait to Restore Time
X
XPIC
Issue 02 (2009-12-20)
Cross-polarization Interference Cancellation

B-5

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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2009-2009. All rights reserved.

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

About This Document

About This Document

OptiX RTN 950

Describes the network application and components of the

2 Functions and Features

Describes the functions and features of the OptiX RTN 950.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

About This Document

Describes the system architecture, hardware architecture,

Describes common networking modes of the OptiX RTN

Describes the network management (NM) solution for the

Describes the performance indexes of the OptiX RTN 950.

Lists the terms.

Lists the acronyms and abbreviations.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

About This Document

Times New Roman

Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

Book titles are in italics.

Examples of information displayed on the screen are in

Updates in Issue 02 (2009-12-20) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

The specifications of the product are

Updates in Issue 01 (2009-06-30) Based on Product Version V100R002C00

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

2 Functions and Features .............................................................................................................2-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

3.1 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................................3-1

5 Network Management System ................................................................................................5-1

A Glossary .................................................................................................................................... A-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

B Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................B-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

1.1 Network Application

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

STM-1/E1 Regional Backhaul

OptiX RTN 950

OptiX RTN 950

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OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

1.2 Radio Link Forms

Type of the ODU

SDH/PDH radio link

Hybrid radio link

Hybrid radio link

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OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

1+0 non-protection configuration

Figure 1-3 IDU 950