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Escuela Superior De Ingeniera Qumica E
Industrias Extractivas
TEMA: TURBOSINA
Profesor:
Alumno:
Grupo:
"TURBOSINA "
La turbosina es un lquido inflamable constituido por hidrocarburos
parafnicos y aromticos que se obtiene como destilado intermedio
del petrleo.
Se produce en todas las refineras. La funcin primordial de la
turbosina es mover las turbinas que dan propulsin a una aeronave,
por lo que el contenido energtico y la calidad de la combustin son
propiedades clave para su desempeo, entre otras.
El tamao de las molculas de hidrocarburos presentes en la
turbosina es restringido principalmente por la especificacin de
destilacin y el punto de congelacin, siendo comunes las familias de
parafinas, naftenos y aromticos de entre 8 y 16 tomos de carbono.
La fraccin de turbosina tiene un lmite de temperatura de ebullicin
de 200 a 300C mximo, este producto primario se somete a un
proceso de hidrodesulfuracin para obtener una turbosina que cumpla
con las especificaciones de contenido de aromticos no mayor a 22%
vol. y un peso especfico entre 0.772 y 0.837, entre otras. Por tratarse
de un combustible con un rango de destilacin intermedio entre la
gasolina y el diesel, suelen encontrarse en su composicin algunos
hidrocarburos presentes en dichos combustibles, pero definitivamente
son otros los compuestos que por su mayor concentracin le
imprimen las propiedades que lo distinguen en volatilidad,
estabilidad, lubricidad, fluidez, corrosividad y limpieza.
CARACTERISTICAS PRINCIPALES
Transporte y distribucin
Autotanque.
Carrotanque.
Ducto.
Propiedad
Unidad
Mtodo de prueba.
kg/l API
Especificacin
(ASTM D 4052-96(2002)e1)
(ASTM D 287-92 (2000))
Apariencia
Temperatura de destilacin del 10%
Temperatura de destilacin del 50%
Temperatura de destilacin del 90%
Visual
Brillante y clara
C C
38 mnimo 47
mximo
Temperatura de inflamabilidad:
Prueba Penski-Martens de copa cerrada
(ASTM 056-05)
Punto de congelacin para combustibles de
aviacin
(ASTM D 2386-05)
MJ/kg
(ASTM D 4809-95)
Acidez total Aromticos
mg KOH/g
% vol.
0.1 mximo 25
mximo
Azufre total
ppmP
ppmP
30 mximo
Prueba Doctor
negativa
8 mximo
cSt
kPa
Estabilidad de la oxidacin trmica de combustibles 3.3 (25) mximo
(mm Hg) para turbinas de aviacin (Procedimiento JFTOT)
menor a cdigo 3
(ASTM 0445-04e2)
Visual
Aditivos: Inhibidor
antioxidante (5)Deactivador metlico (6)
mg/l mg/l
mg/l
Estndar 1, mximo
Informar
OBSERVACIONES:
(1) La temperatura de inflamacin ser 42C mnimo, para clientes de exportacin que as lo
soliciten.
(2) El valor calorfico se calcula en MJ/kg usando las tablas y las ecuaciones descritas en el
Mtodo de Prueba Estimacin del calor neto de combustin para combustibles para
aviacin.
(5) Solamente se podr usar los siguientes antioxidantes: a) N,N-diisopropil-parafenilendiamina; b) 75% mnimo 2-6-diterbutil-fenol ms 25% mximo de ter y triterbutil-fenol; c)
72% mnimo 2-4-dimetil-6-terbutil-fenol ms 28% mximo de mono-metil y dimetil-
(8) Este mtodo se utilizar slo en caso de discrepancia de resultados y predominar sobre
el mtodo de prueba Reaccin al agua en combustibles para aviacin. (ASTM D 1094-00)
Bibliografa.
http://www.sener.gob.mx/res/85/Refinacion_Web.pdf
http://inecex.com.mx/inicia-mexico-su-era-como-importador-deturbosina/
http://www.pemex.com/ri/Publicaciones/Anuario%20Estadistico
%20Archivos/Anuario-Estadistico-2003-2013.pdf
http://www.sener.gob.mx/res/PE_y_DT/pub/Balance%20Nacional
%20de%20Energia%202006.pdf
http://www.inecc.gob.mx/descargas/cclimatico/2014_inf_parc_tipos_co
mb_fosiles.pdf
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Bright and clear liquid, insoluble in water appearance.
The main feature of these fuel additives are: inhibitors
Reduce corrosion and oxidation in engine parts and anti-icing
additives
Prevent the fuel from freezing in tanks or fuel lines.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Property
Unit
Test method.
Specification
0772-0837 37-51
Appearance
Visual
C% vol. %
Vol.
(ASTM 086-05)
CC
Flash point:
Minimum maximum 38
-47
(ASTM 056-05)
(ASTM D 2386-05)
MJ / kg
42.8 minimum
fuels.ASTM D 4809-95
(equivalent to 18,400
BTU / lb)
(ASTM D 4809-95)
mg KOH / g
% vol.
0.1 maximum 25
maximum
Total sulfur
ppm
3000 Maximum
ppm
or
Doctor test
cSt
8 Maximum
(ASTM 0445-04e2)
kPa
than Code 3
(Mm Hg)
Visual
mg / l mg / l
24 Maximum Maximum
Deactivador (6)
5.7
Or smoke point and naphthalenes Smoke mm mm, vol Smoke point temperature of aviation turbine fuel or
maximum 3 Maximum
mg / l
(ASTM 0130-04)
70 Maximum 2 Maximum
Interface
Maximum 1-b
(ASTM D 1094-00)
(8)
90 minimum
(ASTM D
3948-04)
HAPS
% Vol
Report
OBSERVATIONS:
1.
2.
The heat value is calculated fic MJ / kg using tables and equations described in Test M
ethod Estimating net or n or n heat of combustion for aviation fuels or n.
3.
If there is a discrepancy between the results of the test and the Doctor of sulfur mercapt
Nico, prevail to the sta.
4.
Stability testing t rmica (ASTM D 3241-98) must be performed at 260 C, but can be
carried out at 245 C in both cases a test is effected for 2.5 hours. It is desirable but not
mandatory, determination or n the dep site or in the preheater tube by the m ethod or optical
density.
5.
6.
7.
If the smoke point is worth between 20 and 18 mm and content of naphthalene is less
than 3%, you can market the product notifying the buyer within 90 d as of the date of env or
unless other conditions are agreed.
8.
This m ethod s or to be used in case of dispute the results and to prevail on all test m e
n REACTION or water in aviation fuel or n. (ASTM D 1094-00)
Meanwhile, in 2012 the diesel and jet fuel had a share of total oil
production of 29.0% and 5.3%, respectively.
In 2009, technological improvements in reactors and catalysts in the
Cadereyta, Tula and Salamanca allowed us to start producing diesel
UBA61 PEMEX, which was 44.5 mbd. Since 2012, UBA Diesel 72.6
mbd, reflected in a decrease of 9.3% over the previous year due to
the problems that impacted the process of oil refineries in Minatitlan
and Salamanca were developed. Regarding the production of Pemex
Diesel, the production reached 225.9 mbd at the end of 2012,
showing an increase de16.7% compared to 2011.
The performance of gasoline and diesel was 28.8% and 25.0%, higher
by 1.2% and 1.5% in 2011 respectively. While coke stood at 3.1%, up
1.1% compared with the previous year. Regarding fuel oil and jet fuel,
they decreased performance both at 4.6% and 24.6% in that order.
Between 2002 and 2012, demand for jet fuel showed an average
annual growth rate of 1.1%, going from 55.3 to 59.3 mbd. Before the
financial crisis of 2009, he experienced an annual growth of 3.4%
between 2002 and 2008, however in 2009, consumption fell to 55.0
mbd. Coupled with the financial crisis and low recovery during 2010,
output operation of the Mexican airline Airlines in the third quarter of
2010, it could not be established demand levels of 2007, so the
demand for jet fuel has 3.5mbd had a recovery since 2010 (see Table
3.23).
At the end of 2012, the Central region had the highest demand for jet
fuel, with 39.6%; result was the increase in the operations of Mexico
City International Airport (AICM).Secondly, South-Southeast region
sued 25%; reflecting the increased operations of Cancun Airport. With
regard to the Central West, Northwest and Northeast regions, the
demand for jet fuel for the same year was 13.9%, 11.0% and 10.4%,
respectively. In contrast, regions that showed an average annual
reduction were Centre-West and North West of -2.6% and -1.2%
respectively.
In 2012 the price of jet fuel was $ 12.8 / l, and in 2013 a reduction in
price by 13.9% is estimated to stand at $ 11.1 / l and then maintain
an average of $ 10.8 / l price for the rest of the estimated period.
http://www.sener.gob.mx/res/85/Refinacion_Web.pdf
http://inecex.com.mx/inicia-mexico-su-era-como-importador-deturbosina/
http://www.pemex.com/ri/Publicaciones/Anuario%20Estadistico
%20Archivos/Anuario-Estadistico-2003-2013.pdf
http://www.sener.gob.mx/res/PE_y_DT/pub/Balance%20Nacional
%20de%20Energia%202006.pdf
http://www.inecc.gob.mx/descargas/cclimatico/2014_inf_parc_tipos_co
mb_fosiles.pdf