S&G Classes 2015-16: topics and readings

* = short and/or less accessible texts available on Weblearn.

bold = official set texts.

1. Lovemaking
Texts:
*Theognis 1231-1389 (Greek Elegiac Poetry, Loeb)
*Anacreon fr. 358 (Greek Lyric II, Loeb)
Ovid, Ars Amatoria (Loeb) (and note A. S. Hollis commentary on Book 1 and R.K. Gibsons
on Book 3)
*Theognis 261-6, 457-60, 579-84, 1063-8 (Greek Elegiac Poetry, Loeb)
*Sappho fragments frr. 1, 16, 31, 102, 107, 114 (Greek Lyric vol. 1, Loeb)

Images:
N. Kampen, Sexuality in Ancient Art (2006)
J. Clarke, Looking at Lovemaking (1998)
C. Johns, Sex or Symbol? (1982/1989)

Commentary:
J. Davidson, Eros: love and sexuality, in A. Erskine (ed), A companion to ancient history
(2009), 352-67
L. Kurke, Inventing the hetaira : sex, politics, and discursive conflict in archaic Greece,
Classical Antiquity 16 (1997), 106-50

Sappho:
P. DuBois, Sappho is burning (1995)
J. M. Snyder, The Woman and the Lyre (1989), 1-37 (Ch. 1)
E.S. Stigers, 'Sappho's Private World', in H. P. Foley (ed.), Reflections of Women in Antiquity
(1981), 45-61
J. Winkler, 'Gardens of Nymphs: Public and Private in Sappho's Lyrics', in H. P. Foley (ed.),
Reflections of Women in Antiquity (1981), 63-89

Theognis and Anacreon:

J. Davidson, Politics Poetics and Ers in archaic poetry, in E. Sanders (ed.), Eros and the
Polis (2013), 5-37
G. Nagy, Theognis of Megara: Poetry and the Polis (1985)

Ovid:
R. Armstrong, Ovid and his Love Poetry (2005)
A. Sharrock, Seduction and repetition in Ovids Ars Amatoria 2, Latomus 58 (1999), 484-7
E. Greene, Travesties of love violence and voyeurism in Ovids Amores, Classical World
92 (1998-9), 409-18
C. Green, Terms of venery: Ars Amatoria 1, Transactions of the American Philological
Association 126 (1996), 24-63
M. Wyke, Reading female flesh: Amores 3.1, in A. Cameron (ed.), History as Text. (1990),
113-143
P. Watson, Love as civilizer: Ovid, Ars Amatoria 2.467-92, Latomus 43 (1984), 389-95

2. Sexuality and gender in Greek and Roman humour

Texts:
*Semonides fr. 7 (Greek Iambic Poetry, Loeb)
Aristophanes, Lysistrata, Thesmophoriazusae, Ecclesiazusae (Penguin, though there are
many other translations to explore)
Plautus, Casina
Terence, Hecyra
*Mime: Publilius Syrus, frr. ll. 20, 36, 108, 153, 217, 276, 381, 384, 392, 394, 492 (Minor
Latin Poets vol. 1, Loeb)
*Aesop, Fables 49, 52, 76, 88, 89, 299 (Chambrys edition: you can find these in Greek and
French in the Bodleian and in English in the Penguin Aesop, Fables)

Commentary:
Semonides:
T. Morgan The wisdom of Semonides fr. 7, Cambridge Classical Journal 51 (2005), 72-85
R. Osborne, The use of abuse: Semonides 7 Proceedings of Cambridge Philological Society
47 (2001), 47-64

Aristophanes:
L. McClure, Spoken Like a Woman: Speech and Gender in Athenian Drama (1999)
D. Macdowell, Aristophanes and Athens (1995)
A. Sommerstein et al (eds.), Tragedy, Comedy and the Polis (1993)
J. Henderson, Older women in Attic Old Comedy Transactions of the American Philological
Association 117 (1987), 105-29
H. Foley, The female intruder reconsidered: women in Aristophanes Lysistrata and
Ecclesiazusae, Classical Philology 77 (1982), 1-21
F. Zeitlin, Travesties of Gender and Genre in Aristophanes Thesmophoriazousae, Critical
Inquiry 8(2) (1981), 301-27
A. Sommerstein, Aristophanes and the events of 411, Journal of Hellenic Studies 97 (1977),
112-26

Roman Comedy:
T. Crisafulli, Representations of the feminine: the prostitute in Roman comedy, in T. Hillard
and E. Judge (eds.), Ancient history in a modern university (1998), 222-229
A. Rei, Villains, wives, and slaves in the comedies of Plautus, in S. Joshel and S.
Murnaghan (eds.), Women and slaves in Greco-Roman culture (1998), 92-108
N.W. Slater, The Fictions of Patriarchy in Terences Hecyra, Classical World 81(4) (1988),
249-260

3. Homoeroticism
Texts:
Aeschines I, Against Timarchus (Loeb)
Plato, Symposium
*Xenophon, Constitution of the Spartans 12-14
*Plutarch, Lycurgus 17-18, Pelopidas 18-19
*Catullus 16, 21, 24, 28, 57, 99
*Virgil, Eclogue 2
*Livy 8.28
*Valerius Maximus 6.1.7-12, 9.1.7-8
*Suetonius, The deified Julius 49
*Martial 1.90, 7.67, and 70
*Juvenal, Satire 2
*Lucian, Dialogues of Courtesans 5.

Images:
N. Kampen, Sexuality in Ancient Art (2006)
J. Clarke, Looking at Lovemaking (1998)
C. Johns, Sex or Symbol? (1982/1989)

Commentary:
M. Foucault, History of Sexuality vol. 2 (1986)
You might also find it useful to look at this (very irreverent) take on Foucaults thought: C.
Horrocks, et. al., Introducing Foucault (1990).

On Foucault:
P. Bourdieu, Masculine Domination (2001)
D. Larmour et al (eds.), Rethinking Sexuality Foucault and Classical Antiquity (1998)
D. Halperin, J. Winkler and F. Zeitlin (eds.), Before Sexuality (1990)

Beyond Foucault:
C. Williams, Roman Homosexuality (2010: 2nd edition)
J. Davidson, The Greeks and Greek Love: A Radical Reappraisal of Homosexuality in Ancient
Greece (2007)
N. S. Rabinowitz and L. Auanger (eds.), Among Women: From the Homosocial to the
Homoerotic in the Ancient World (2002)
J. Davidson, Dover, Foucault and Greek homosexuality in Past and Present 170 (2001), 351
T. Hubbard (ed.), Greek Love Reconsidered (2000)
H. Parker, The Teratogenic Grid, in J. Hallett and M. Skinner (eds.), Roman Sexualities
(1998), 47-65
J. Hallett and M. Skinner (eds.), Roman Sexualities (1997)
K. de Vries, The Frigid Eromenoi and their wooers revisited: a closer look at Greek
homosexuality in vase painting, in M. Duberman (ed.) Queer Representations (1997), 14-24
B. Brooten, Love Between Women (1996)
A. Richlin, Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the Cinaedus and the Roman Law
against Love between Men, Journal of the History of Sexuality 3(4) (1993), 523-573
D. Cohen, Law, Sexuality and Society (1991)
D. Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love (1990)
K. Dover, Greek Homosexuality (1978)
There is often a great deal at stake in how we interpret the history of homoeroticism. To get
some sense of the issues involved see for example the reviews and responses to J. Davidsons
The Greeks and Greek Love: A Radical Reappraisal of Homosexuality in Ancient Greece:
http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2009/2009-11-03.html
See also C. Paglia, Junk Bonds and Corporate Raiders: Academe in the Hour of the Wolf,
Arion 1(2) (1991) 139-212 (amusingly unimpressed by Halperins project)

4. The gendered body

Texts:
Soranus, Gynaecology (tr. O. Temkin, Baltimore 1956)
Hesiod, Theogony
*Plato, Menexenus 6-7
*Pliny the Elder, Natural History 4.35, 7.4.36-8, 8.67
*Apollodorus 1.1-2 (Loeb)
*Aeschylus, Eumenides especially 657-end
*Aristotle, On the Generation of Animals 1 (especially 728a18-20, 737a26-30)
*Diseases of Women, Nature of Women, Girls, Epidemics 6.8.32.
*Galen, On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body 14.6-7
*Diodorus Siculus 32.10

*Caelius Aurelianus, On Acute Diseases and on Chronic Diseases (transl. and ed. Drabkin,
1950), Chronic Diseases 4.9

Commentary:
H. King, The One-Sex Body on Trial, (2013), 31-48, 73-96 (Chs. 1 & 3)
G. Sissa, 'Knowing The Body In Greek Erotic Culture', in T. Hubbard (ed.), A Companion to
Greek and Roman Sexualities (2013), 265-80
B. Holmes, 'Medical Knowledge and Technology', in D. Garrison (ed.), A Cultural History of
the Human Body. Vol. 1: Antiquity (2010), 83-105
R. Flemming, Medicine and the Making of Roman Women (2000)
H. King, Hippocrates' Woman (1998)
B. Brooten, Love Between Women (1996), 143-73 (Ch. 5)
L. Dean-Jones, Women's Bodies in Classical Greek Science (1994)
A.E. Hanson, 'Continuity and Change: Three Case Studies in Hippocratic Gynecological
Therapy and Theory', in S. Pomeroy (ed.) Womens History and Ancient History (1991), 73110
L. Dean-Jones, 'The Cultural Construct of the Female Body in Classical Greek Science', in S.
Pomeroy (ed.) Womens History and Ancient History (1991), 111-37
A. Hanson, 'The medical writers' woman', in D. Halperin, J. Winkler and F. Zeitlin (eds.),
Before Sexuality (1990), 309-38
H. King, 'Bound to bleed: Artemis and Greek Women', in A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt (eds.),
Images of Women in Antiquity (1983), 109-27
G. E. R. Lloyd, Science, Folklore and Ideology (1983), esp. 58-111 (part II)

5. Masculinities
Texts:
Sophocles, Philoctetes
*Funeral speeches: Thucydides 2.34-46, Demosthenes
*Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1 pr.9-2.31; 12.1.1-2.10 (Loeb)
*Lucian, A Professor of Public Speaking
*Seneca, On Anger, On Clemency

Commentary:
Modern Approaches:
P. Bourdieu, Masculine Domination (2001)
R. W. Connell, Masculinities (1995)

The Ancient World:

M. McDonnell, 'Roman men and Greek virtue', in R.M. Rosen and I. Sluiter (eds.), Andreia
(2003), 235-61
D. Fredrick, (ed.) The Roman Gaze: Vision, Power, and the Body (2002)
E. Gunderson, Staging Masculinity (2000)
R. Alston, 'Arms and the Man: Soldiers, Masculinity and Power in Republican and Imperial
Rome', in L. Foxhall and J. Salmon (eds.), When Men were Men (1998), 205-23
L. Foxhall and J. Salmon (eds.), Thinking Men (1998)
L. Foxhall and J.Salmon (eds.) When Men Were Men (1998)
J. Hallett and M. Skinner (eds.), Roman Sexualities (1997) (Look especially at the article by J.
Walter, Invading the Roman Body: Manliness and Impenetrability in Roman Thought: 2946)
D. Larmour, P. Miller and C. Platter (eds.), Rethinking Sexuality: Foucault and Classical
Antiquity (1997)
M. Gleeson, Making Men (1995)

6. Gender at home
Texts:
Aeschylus, Agamemnon (Greene and Lattimore, The Complete Greek Tragedies in
Translation)
Euripides, Medea (Greene and Lattimore, The Complete Greek Tragedies in Translation)
Lysias I (Loeb)
Xenophon, Oeconomicus (ed. and transl. S. Pomeroy, Oxford, 1992)
*Musonius Rufus (transl. C. Lutz, Yale Classical Studies 10 (1947), 39-49, 89-91)
*Pliny, Ep. III 11, 16; IV 10, 19; V 16; VI 33; VII 19, 24; X 120
*Juvenal VI
*Plutarch, Advice to a Newly Married Couple
*Laudatio Turiae
*Augustan marriage legislation (Suetonius, Life of Augustus 34 with Lefkowitz and Fant eds.
pp. 102-5)

Images:
S. Lewis, The Athenian Woman (2002)

Commentary:
Greece:
L. Llewelyn-Jones, Aphrodites Tortoise: The Veiled Woman of Ancient Greece (2003)
S. Deacy and K. Pierce (eds.), Rape in Antiquity (1997)
R. Leader, 'In Death not divided: Gender, Family, and State on Classical Athenian Grave
Stelae', American Journal of Archeology 101 (1997), 683-699
J. Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes (1996), 73-136 (part II)

C. Patterson, 'Marriage and the married woman in Athenian law', in S.B. Pomeroy (ed.),
Womens history and ancient history (1991), 48-72
E.M. Harris, 'Did the Athenians regard seduction as a worse crime than rape?', Classical
Quarterly 40 (1990), 370-77
R. Just, Women in Athenian Law and Life (1989), esp. 1-25, 40-125 (Chs. 1-2 & 4-6)
J. Gould, 'Law, custom and myth: aspects of the social position of women in Classical
Athens', Journal of Hellenic Studies 100 (1980) 38-59 (useful on the problems of scholarship)
D. Schaps, Economic Rights of Women in Ancient Greece (1979)

Rome:
K. Milnor, Gender, Domesticity, and the Age of Augustus: inventing private life (2005)
E. Hemelrijk, Masculinity and femininity in the Laudatio Turiae, Classical Quarterly 54
(2004), 185-197
S. Treggiari, Roman Marriage (1992)
B. Shaw, 'The age of Roman girls at marriage', Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987) 30-46
B. Rawson (ed.), The Family in Ancient Rome (1986), 58-82 (Ch. 2)
A. Wallace-Hadrill, 'The Golden Age and sin in Augustan ideology', Past and Present 95
(1982), 19-36
A. Wallace-Hadrill, 'Family and inheritance in the Augustan marriage laws', Proceedings of
the Cambridge Philological Society 27 (1981), 58-80

7. Gender at work
Texts:
* Inscription Dossier

Commentary:
L. Allason-Jones, Women in Roman Britain (2005: 2nd edition)
A.A. OBrien, Private Tradition, Public State: women in demotic business and administrative
texts from Ptolemaic and Roman Thebes. (PhD thesis: 1999; in the Sackler)
R. Just, Women in Athenian Law and Life (1989)
N. Kampen, Image and Status: Roman Working Women in Ostia (1981)
S. Treggiari, 'Jobs for women', American Journal of Ancient History 1 (1976) 76-104
H. McClees, A Study of Women in Attic Inscriptions (1920)

8. Sex, gender and religion

Texts:

*Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, in M. Beard, J. North and S. Price, Religions of

Rome (1998) vol. 2, 290-1
*Juvenal VI
*Pelagius, Letter to Demetrias in Pelagius, Life and Letters (tr. B.R. Rees Woodbridge,
1998)
*Lives of Amma Sarah, Syncletica and Theodora, Melania the Elder, Melania the
Younger, Macrina the Younger, and Marcella, in L. Swan, The Forgotten Desert Mothers
(2001)
*Jerome, Letters 22, 77, 107, 108, 117, 127, 128 (Loeb)
*New Testament: 1 Corinthians, First Letter to Timothy, Letter to Titus
*Ambrose, On virgins, esp. 1.2-7, 12; 2.2-4; 3.2-4, 7 (these extracts are on weblearn)
*The Life of Melania the Younger: Introduction, translation, and commentary, E. Clark
(1984)
*Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas, in H. Musurillo, The Acts of the Christian Martyrs
(1972)
Also: M. Lefkowitz and M. Fant, Womens Life in Greece and Rome (1992: 2nd edition), 1-27,
36-50, 168, 176, 178-9, 181-207, 273-337, 369-440.

Commentary:
G. Clark, Bodies and blood: late antique debate on martyrdom, virginity and resurrection, in
D. Montserrat (ed.), Changing Bodies, Changing Meanings (1998), 99-115
T. M. Shaw, 'Creation, virginity and diet in fourth-century Christianity', in M. Wyke (ed.),
Gender and the Body in Mediterranean Antiquity (1998), 155-72
K. Cooper, The Virgin and the Bride (1996)
S. Elm, Virgins of God. The making of asceticism in late antiquity (1994)
G. Clark, Women in Late Antiquity (1993)
M. Alexandre, 'Early Christian Women', in P. Schmitt Pantel (ed.), A History of Women: from
Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints (1992), 409-444 (Ch. 9)
J. Scheid, 'The Religious Roles of Roman Women', in P. Schmitt Pantel (ed.), A History of
Women: from Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints (1992), 377-408 (Ch. 8)
A. Cameron, 'Virginity as metaphor: women and the rhetoric of early Christianity', in A.
Cameron (ed.), History as Text (1989), 181-205
P. Brown, The Body and Society (1988)

For the social setting of early Christianity:

R. Lane-Fox, Pagans and Christians (1986), 265-335 (Ch. 6)

Optional Vacation Essays

When and why were sexually explicit scenes depicted in art and on artefacts in
the Roman world?
D. Cornell ed, Feminism and Pornography (2000)
J. Clarke, Looking at Lovemaking. Constructions of sexuality in Roman Art 100BC - AD250
(1998)
N. Kampden (ed.), Sexuality in Ancient Art (1996), 170-98 (Chs. 11-12)
C. Johns, Sex or Symbol? Erotic images of Greece and Rome. (1992)
A. Richlin, The Garden of Priapus: sexuality and aggression in Roman humor (1992)
N. Kampen, Between public and private: women as historical subjects in Roman art, in S.
Pomeroy (ed.), Womens History and Ancient History (1991), 218-48

Have a look at the Priapus poems too, edited and translated by R.W. Hooper (1999)
For comparison:
A. Easthope, Contemporary Film Theory (1993)
L. Mulvey, Visual and Other Pleasures (1989)
L. Mulvey, Visual pleasure and narrative screen cinema Screen 16 (1973), 6-18

What does the representation of domestic and erotic scenes on Athenian vases tell
us about gender relations in Athenian society?
Xenophon, Oeconomicus (with Pomeroy's commentary)
G. Ferrari, Figures of Speech (2002)
S. Lewis, The Athenian Woman (2002) useful handbook of images
N. Kampen (ed.), Sexuality in Ancient Art (1996), 65-154 (Chs. 5-9)
E. Reeder (ed.), Pandora. Women in Classical Greece (1995)
M. Kilmer, Greek Erotica (1994)
R. Osborne, 'Looking on Greek style. Does the sculpted girl speak to women too?', in I.M.
Morris, Classical Greece (1994), 81-96
J. Boardman, The phallos-bird in archaic and classical Greek art (1992), 227-42 (in the
Sackler: J ii pamph [Board])
A. Richlin (ed.), Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome (1992)
R. Osborne, 'Whose image and superscription is this?', Arion 1 (1990-1) 255-75
D. Halperin, J.J. Winkler and F. Zeitlin (eds.), Before Sexuality (1990)
D. Williams, 'Women on Athenian vases: problems of interpretation', in A. Cameron and A.
Kuhrt (eds.), Images of Women in Antiquity (1983; 1993: 2nd edition) 92-106

Some useful theoretical bibliography

Ancient historians who may (not) have been influenced by theory

N. Rabinowitz and A. Richlin (eds.), Feminist Theory and the Classics (1993)
S. Pomeroy (ed.), Womens History and Ancient History (1991)

Should writing on women be angry and political or purely intellectual?

S. Benhabib, J. Butler et al., Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange (1995)
S. de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949)
M. Woolstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

Women as an oppressed but also resisting group

Chandra Talpede Mohanty, Under western eyes: feminist scholarship and colonial
discourses, in P. Williams and L. Chrisman (eds.) Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial
Theory: A Reader (1994), 196-220
Minh-Ha Trinh, Woman, Native, Other (1989)

Queer theory brings into question what gender is

J. Butler Bodies that Matter (1993)
M. Wittig, The Straight Mind (1992)
J. Butler, Gender Trouble (1990)
M. Wittig, 'One is not born a woman', in Feminist Issues 1 (1981), 47-54

Nature/culture debate and how to move on from it

D. Haraway, A manifesto for cyborgs, in L. Nicholson (ed.), Feminism/ Postmodernism
(1990)
S. Ortner, 'Is female to male as nature is to culture?', in M. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (eds.),
Women, Culture and Society (1974), 67-88

Biological/psychological construction of gender

S. Freud, 'Female sexuality' & 'On femininity', in S. Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of
Sexuality (2000)
T. Laqueur, Making Sex (1999)
C. Gallagher and T. Laqueur (eds.), The Making of the Modern Body (1987)
L. Irigaray, This Sex Which Is Not One (1985)
C. Gilligan, In a Different Voice (1982)

Voyeurism
A. Easthope, Contemporary Film Theory (1993)
L. Mulvey, Visual and Other Pleasures (1989)
L. Mulvey, Visual pleasure and narrative screen cinema, Screen 16 (1973), 6-18

The fraternal social contract

P. Williams, The Alchemy of Race and Rights (1991)
C. Pateman, The Disorder of Women (1989)

Masculinities
P. Bourdieu, Masculine Domination (2001)
R.W. Connell Masculinities (1995)