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body temperature
in humans13
Rachelle
Bross
and
L John
to this
women
weight
loss
to a metabolic
to 3 wk
we
admitted
unit where
of a 1.76-MJ/d
20
nondepressed
they were
formula
diet
and
either
1.8%
(P
<
restriction.
Basal
decreased
0.005)
assigned
60
mg
but
that
body
0.28
0.10
of the
d of
temperature
during
of the
the
period
fluoxetine-treated
commencing
#{176}C
(P < 0.05)
within
control
subjects
of energy
restric-
subjects
<
0.05).
increases
We
energy
3 d of commencing
perature.
Am
propose
that
serotonin
by
diet
reuptake
expenditure
by
J Clin
1995;61:1020-5.
Nutr
increasing
and
inhibition
basal
Subjects
and
Subjects,
diets,
Energy
WORDS
expenditure,
body
tem-
we
also
obtained
serotonin
any
other
endocrine
or significant
subjects
were nonsmokers
who had
body weight
for several
months
and had
in recent weeks. Written
informed
consent
maintained
a stable
taken no medication
was
or
All
for the
study,
which
was
approved
by the
Introduction
Fluoxetine
is a widely
serotonin
pressants,
fluoxetine
depressed
(2) and
by inducing
use
satiety
to weight
(REE),
blocking
the
during
istration
energy
with
by
adaptive
the
reduction
restriction
(6),
a very-low-energy
the
with
that
tnicyclic
(1 1)
(420
and
consumed
kcal)
including
dietary
minerals
80
g protein.
For
a liquid-formula
the
next
weight
loss
thermic
in REE
we
resting
70;
Sandoz
Nutrition,
Minneapo-
started,
all
fashion
capsule
to receive
60 mg fluoxetine
or placebo
in a single
each morning
before
breakfast,
but after any study
effect
that
expen-
of food,
commonly
combined
fluoxetine
weight-reduction
or by
occurs
admindiet
that
normally
engenders
a pronounced
adaptive
reduction
in REE
Urinary
norepinephrine
and normetanephrine
excretion
and serum tniiodothyronine
concentrations
were measured
to
monitor
the altered
sympathetic
nervous
system
activity
and
thyroid
hormone
metabolism
believed
to mediate
the hypometabolic
adaptation
to semistarvation
(6, 7). Because
seroto-
(7, 8).
Am
J Clin Nutr
I From
the School
were
randomly
of Dietetics
assigned
for a minirestriction
antidein both
energy
all
containing
1.76 MJ
70 g protein/d
and
100% of the US
allowances
(12; RDA) for vitamins
and
(Optifast
subjects
3 wk
diet
inhibits
(3, 4) individuals,
apparently
To learn whether
fluoxetine
also
by increasing
increasing
drug
Unlike
is associated
(5).
loss
antidepressant
(1).
nondepressed
early
contributes
used
reuptake
Ethics
Committee
of the hospitals
Department
of Medicine.
Each hospitalization
lasted 26 d. For the first 4-5 d all
subjects
consumed
a liquid-formula
diet consisting
of Ensure
with added Polycose
glucose
polymer
(both from Ross Laboratories,
Columbus,
OH) to provide
150% of basal energy
neuronal
monitored
treatments
condition.
expenditure
pharmacology,
and
diabetes,
medical
essential
1020
10),
methods
recommended
diture
(9,
Twenty
moderately
obese,
but otherwise
healthy
women
were admitted
to the Clinical
Investigation
Unit of the Royal
Victoria
Hospital.
Screening
by medical
history,
physical
examination,
chest
X-ray,
electrocardiogram,
complete
blood
count, thyroid
function
tests, standard
biochemical
screening,
and an oral-glucose-tolerance
test indicated
the absence
of
subjects
KEY
in thermoregulation
temperature.
hypertension,
increased
drug treatment.
Urinary
norepinephrine
excretion
and the serum triiodothyronine
concentration
decreased
equally
in both
groups.
Despite
identical
energy
intakes
and equal
nitrogen
balance,
the fluoxetine-treated
subjects
lost weight faster than
the control
subjects
during the final week of energy restriction
(P
body
fluox-
resting
energy
expenditure
then renormal
after
9.8 0.9 d of energy
insignificantly
tion,
within
is involved
basal
and Human
Nutrition
Nutrition
and Food Science Centre, McGill
University,
2 Supported
by a grant from Eli Lilly
Canada,
Inc.
3 Address
Science
H6.90,
RB received
reprint
Centre,
Montreal,
requests
Royal
Quebec
Received
October
Accepted
for
1995;61:1020-5.
Printed
to
Victoria
H3A
Hoffer,
Hospital,
1A1,
de Chercheurs
partial
a la
Recherche.
LJH is a chercheur-boursier
of the Fonds de la Recherche
en
Sante du Qu#{233}bec.
The Clinical Investigation
Unit of the Royal Victoria
Hospital is supported by a grant from the Fonds pour la Recherche en Sante
du Qu#{233}bec.
Optifast-70
was donated by Sandoz Nutrition
Canada, Inc.
support
from
in double-blind
McGill
687
Pine
et lAide
Nutrition
Avenue
and
West,
Food
Room
Canada.
25, 1994.
publication
in USA.
January
1995
9, 1995.
American
Society
for
Clinical
Nutrition
4.4
treatment.
This increased
versed
and fell below
nm
obese
randomly
etine/d or a placebo.
Resting
energy expenditure
of the control
subjects
fell below normal after 5.6 0.6 d of energy restriction, whereas
that of the fluoxetine-treated
subjects
increased
by
and basal
Hoffer
ABSTRACT
Humans
lose weight
when administered
fluoxetine,
an inhibitor
of serotonin
reuptake
by nerve terminals.
To determine
whether
increased
energy
expenditure
contnibutes
expenditure
THERMIC
measurement
was
to walking
on the
completed
on that
hospital
day.
Activity
EFFECT
was
limited
OF FLUOXETINE
and
potassium
verify
adherence
ward.
Basal
Measurements
Body
and
calculations
weight
was
light
bedclothes,
wearing
by using
was
by
Yorba
training
subject
(13).
The
plete
REE
measurement
disregarded
training
before
mornings
measurements
the final
analyzed.
both
oxygen
usually
surement
carbon
The
of the
was
and
calculated
Rougier
REE
and
period.
and
meaevery
Before
each
room
that
state was
next day,
not
but
achieved,
the
this occurred
for
meaonly
oxygen
and
at 55,
voiding.
for
210
mm,
and
165
Control
expenditure
the
Canada)
using
obtained
over
hood.
which
mm
experiments
in REE
was
consumed
a test drink
mL carbonated
water
the ventilated
120,
no change
of glucose
subjects
in 450
due
three
10-mm
the monotony
with
sham
this
protocol.
or
glucose
loads
The
from
to REE
then
expen-
included
to break
by subtracting
contribution
15 mm,
Energy
(14)
sured
by automated
inson
Immunodiagnostics,
of the
total
subjects
period
collection
a preservative)
period.
analyzed
Syncron
daily
CX4
during
the
nephrine
at the
Richmond,
restriction
later
7,
(containing
in a bedside
Samples
14,
in serial
kept
using
of
and
and
24-h
15 mL
21
diet
and
an
automated
for
of
12 mol
Each
HC1/L
as
were
(Beckman
three
times
and
system
analysis.
after
Autoanalyzer
calculated
estimated
(8 mg . kg
measured
to
Urine
Kjeldahl
II (Chauncey,
as nitrogen
fecal
. d)
verify
(0.6
total
nitrogen
with
a predicted
digestion
NY).
intake
minus
g/d)
and
perature,
3-4%
within-subject
the analysis
days
of
the
of menstrual
recorded
plotted
in
of fluoxetines
cycle
when
no
should
not
drug
was
nary catecholamines
peated-measures
6.01; SAS
and energy
each
time
t test.
to
Cary,
data
NC).
were
value.
were
interest
weight,
indexes,
by two-classification
using
PC SAS
Temperature,
expressed
expressed
and
clinical
unre-
(version
body weight,
as changes
from
to determine
P values
reported
are
tem-
and
When
significant
(P
indicated,
a contrast
was
Baseline
subject
were
compared
results
in accor-
respectively,
of physiologic
compared
of variance
baseline
variable
for significance.
All
be
were
analysis
chosen
0.10,
SD in REE,
would
hormone
subjects
baseline
or treatment
effects
tailed
was
and
thyroid
Institute,
Inc,
expenditure
against
the
responsible
group
of0.05
balance,
Subject
characteristics
assignment
matched
measured
the
0.05)
done
time
points
in the text are
characteristics
or biochemby the two-sample
twoas mean
SEM.
Body
of
the
20
response
subjects
groups
with no significant
variables
(Table
1). No
weight
decreased
of energy
loss was
was
constant
during
steadily
and equally
restriction.
During
faster
in the fluoxetine
TABLE
Baseline
subject
in both
the final
group
resulted
differences
in
in any
wellof the
adverse
events
occurred.
the baseline
period,
and
groups
week,
(0.25
characteristics
.
Characteristic
Weight
(kg)
a Tech-
nitrogen
balance
Waist-hip
of urinary
and
losses
excretion
collections,
was
Fluoxetine
Age (y)
by using
urine
values
for REE,
(15)
the
lowest
all other
data
Daily
creatinine
subjects
and
of 10 in each
3 probabilities
nitrogen
Rad,
determined
miscellaneous
of
size
a and
Height (m)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
the sum
day
of the menstrual
that a 5% increase
in REE
(18). Treatment
and control
normeta(Bio
was
first
to the
day
each
collection
norepinephrine
day
energy
during
resulting
HPLC
Dicklast
aliquots.
refrigerator
the
mea-
colonimetrically
was
days
first
for creatinine,
sodium,
and potassium
and CX5 Systems,
Brea,
CA) and
nitrogen
nicon
on
collected
were
II; Becton
on the
bottles
baseline
by
and
was
were
collection
(ARIA
Baltimore)
All urine
(13)
according
to the
Results
energy
as determined
triiodothyronine
radioimmunoassay
baseline
restriction.
and
first,
and
basal
analysis
Random
thyroxine
daily
thermic
outset.
Serum
closed
Mean
each
4 baseline
the temperatures
mean
temperature
sample
dance
was
days
the
mouth
the
Because
by the
administration.
The
production,
to the
from
administered,
each subjects
Statistical
dioxide
the
data
results
determination
a CV < 5%
from
in relation
include
subjects
with the
24 #{176}C.
Only
as kcal/min
under
measured
interruptions
indicated
effect
unit
carbon
Inc, Chambly,
reclined
was
were
this.
morning
from
set at zero
above
the
ways:
to
(Becton-Dick-
according
calculation,
was
Celsius
with
second,
as determined
data
results
according
to the Weir equation
(14).
effect
of a glucose
load was assessed
at the end
diet and after 3 wk of energy
restriction.
After
immediately
effect
21
REE measurement,
of 1 12.5 g glucose
(Glucodex;
formal
period
15 mm of each formal
20-mm
Steady
state, defined
as having
dioxide
thermic
baseline
a standard
composed
the
cycle
each
indicated.
in two
and
measured
thermometer
tongue
calculated
temperature
degrees
the
were
measured
basal
temperature
day;
flow.
com-
investigation
low-energy
between
consumption
REE
which
clinical
was
basal
two
at least
unit, three
the baseline
the
previ-
final
protocol
menstrual
calibration,
described
of study
medication
was given,
were obtained
in a semidarkened
achieved.
If a steady
was repeated
the
rarely.
diture
On the
during
maintained
from
were
for
study
was
a digital
under
the
temperature
calorimetry
using
included
to the
during
CA),
Toronto)
recording
Canada).
temperature
excretion
Resting
expenditure
day of menstruation
S SEM;
,z =
10
group
32.0 3.2
33.0 3.9
91.5
92.8
3.7
1.64 0.02
34.0 1.3
0.86 0.02
ratio
energy
(kJ/min)
(#{176}C)
(study
subjects
day)
per group.
Placebo
group
4.69
0.11
36.5 0.1
16.1 9.5
3.2
1.65 0.01
34.1 1.3
0.83 0.01
4.56
0.15
36.5 0.1
12.2 6.8
temperature
for
day
dose
indirect
procedures
sessions
admission
Mills,
and
sodium
to the diets.
by holding
inson,
subjects
breakfast,
(Scale-Tronix;
Don
Linda,
procedure
the
before
scale
Inc,
ventilated-hood
and
ously
second
platform
SensorMedics,
measurement,
with
and
LeGroupe,
measured
(Deltatrac;
morning
voiding,
digital
& Bell-Meditron,
REE
each
after
a high-precision
Ingram
body
subjects
measured
1021
BROSS
1022
AND
slightly,
but not significantly
6.6 compared
with 61.1
greater
in the placebo
=
0.21).
group
HOFFER
>
0
0)
a)
0
(71.5
4.8 g; P
Biochemical
REE
closely
a)
responses
0)
was constant
(within-subject
similar
in both treatment
period
(P
0.51;
Table
1). During
the
first
week
restriction
a significant
treatment
effect became
0.041),
with REE increasing
in the fluoxetine
but falling
below
the baseline
value
in the placebo
(P =
group
9.7
1.5%
in the
placebo
group.
12
Study
FIGURE
and placebo
2.
Mean
(0)
groups.
SEM)
The
daily
18
21
Day
nitrogen
curves
15
balance
in the fluoxetine
(#{149})
different.
energy
restriction,
the response
to the same glucose
challenge
was unchanged
(7.6 0.8% of 24-h REE or 4.0 0.4% of the
energy consumed
in the fluoxetine
group and 8.8 1.1% of
24-h REE or 4.2 0.5% of energy
consumed
in the placebo
group).
Serum thyroid hormone
concentrations
were similar at baseline
in
both
groups.
During
energy
restriction,
serum
14
0
-1
0)
-
-2
a)
0)
C
-3
(Ti
-4
0)
a)
-5
LiJ
U
-6
-7
a)
0)
-8
-C
C
(Ti
0
12
Study
1.
FIGURE
women
baseline
21
Day
in mean
0
(
SEM)
body
weight
8
12
16
Study
Day
20
of 20
kg in the fluoxetine
Weight
third
from
18
randomly
and either
3.7
Change
15
loss
study
by the
week
(P
group
fluoxetine
0.049).
and 92.8
group
was
faster
group.
during
the
FIGURE
expenditure
REE
kJ/min
was
3.
Change
(REE)
4.69
from
baseline
in the fluoxetine
0.11
in the placebo
kJ/min
group.
in mean
(#{149})
and placebo
in the fluoxetine
SEM)
(0)
group
resting
energy
groups. Baseline
and 4.56 0.15
0.003)
of energy
(P
evident
group
ThERMIC
remained
cant
constant,
increase
decreased
did
equally
urinary
(P
Changes
(P
the
0.37),
(P
group
was
but
the
the
middle
however
(P
the
onset
C
(Ti
of
insignificant
0
a)
change
#{176}C
in the
fluoxetine
(Figure
4).
in the placebo
cycle
been
(19,
the
(P
(Ti
period
Thus,
of
basal
illustrated
group
0.002),
reported
20). No
As
in
increased
a)
F-
in
suggesting
the
administration
temperature
of
12
Study
the
subjects
was significantly
higher
during
second
half of their menstrual
cycles.
the
a)
0)
in the two
treatment
effect
became
decreased
by 0.12
0.10
period
0.87).
in Figures
1). With
an
by 0.28
menstrual
over
fluoxetine-treated
first, but not
1023
15
18
21
Day
the
FIGURE
4. Change
from
temperature
in the fluoxetine
temperature
was
36.5
baseline
(#{149})
and
in
mean
placebo
0. 1 #{176}C
in both
(0)
treatment
SEM)
groups.
basal
Baseline
body
basal
groups.
Discussion
Our
results
indicate
promptly
increases
delays
the reduction
severe
energy
temperature
weight
loss
restriction.
The
observation
is novel,
then
below
It is possible
even without
suggested
observation
that
normal
that
2
thyroid
of 60 mg
also
fluoxetine
fluoxetine/d
increases
promptly
as is the subsequent
after
by a recent
Serum
Fluoxetine
report
baseline
with
no
hormone
increase
agonists
days
body
and
rate of
alone.
duces
may
basal
increases
REE
of REE
to normal
of energy
that
again
was
the REE
of obese
measured
energy
after 14 d of fluoxrestriction
(21).
The
promptly
concentrations
in
restriction.
have returned
to normal
and indeed, this possibility
when
formal
fluoxetine
return
several
unchanged
from
etine
treatment
TABLE
ingestion
of obese
women
and significantly
REE that normally
occurs
during
and slightly,
but significantly
increases
the
above
that associated
with energy
restriction
humans
and
that
the REE
in their
induces
and daily
subjects
and
urinary
was
sustains
catecholamine
peripheral
receptors
hypothalamic
not be relevant
(9,
10),
temperature
to humans.
and
been shown
to increase
the
during
acute
administration
observation
that
a serotonin-active
body
drug
chemistry
Thyroxine
index
and group
Control
fluoxetine
hamsters
serotonin
re-
(22), this
receptors
temperature
(26).
Ours
may
induce
of normal
is the first
a sustained
excretion
Very-low-energy
Clinical
although
in Syrian
Central
mediate
a hyperthermic
response
whereas
peripheral
receptors
mediate
a hypothermic
one (9, 10, 23, 24), perhaps
by increasing heat loss through vasodilation
(25). Therefore,
observations
in Syrian hamsters
could represent
the net effect of a preponderance
of peripheral
effects over central
ones in that species.
By contrast,
the serotonin-releasing
drug fenfluramine
has recently
humans
an
diet
Day
Day
diet
14
Day
21
(nmol/L)
Fluoxetine
111 4
119
Placebo
1096
11672
Triiodothyronine
111 3
112 4
1187
1067
(nmol/L)
Fluoxetine
2.0 0.1
1.6 0.i3
1.4 O.i
1.2 0.i
Placebo
2.1 0.1
1.7 0.i
1.5 0.i
1.5 0.i
Fluoxetine
294 31
194 20
265 39
239 28
218 27
200 24
Placebo
158 24
134 20
1155 107
842 933
799 743
1181 ii5
848 773
694 72
Norepinephrine
Normetanephrine
(nmol/d)
(nmol/d)
185
Fluoxetine
1718
Placebo
1574 233
;t SEM.
2.3
Significantly
different
from
treatment
groups
baseline
value:
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01.
occurred
as
The temperature
increase
in the fluoxetine
by day 2 of treatment
and was sustained
thermal
nadir
that has
onset
of the luteal
phase
ature
13
0.0007),
excretion
and equal
(Table
group,
temperature
of the
are illustrated
constant
a significant
Basal
temperature
treatment
5, basal
Figure
was
increased
significant
throughout
temperature
placebo
0.025).
(P
FLUOXETINE
insignifiSerum
normetanephnine
conditions
treatment,
0.026).
0. 10 #{176}C
in
clinically
restriction.
groups
and
body
baseline
diet
group
treatment
temperature
under
evident
a transient,
OF
2).
in basal
and
(P
in both
Table
4 and 5. Basal
groups
from
at 7 d of energy
norepinephnine
0.001;
drug
apart
observed
EFFECT
BROSS
1024
AND
Specific
hormonal
measurements
would be required
mine whether
ovulation
and progesterone-mediated
1.0
HOFFER
0.8
genesis
occur
energy
restriction,
a,
Despite
0.6
-c
a
L
0.4
4.
a,
and lean
Day
FIGURE
5. Mean
each subjects
lowest
( SEM)
second
half
Menstrual
difference
recorded
value
higher
in basal
(0)
in the fluoxetine
of the menstrual
24
anything,
28
jects
Cycle
in relation
(#{149})
and placebo
in the fluoxetine
was significantly
of
20
body
temperature
from
groups.
group
Basal
during
body
the first,
temperature
but not the
human
body
temperature
during
group
jects
ingestion.
at least
until
the
hypometabolic
energy
temperature
of increased
degree
at a time
when
nephnine
and normetanephrine
ing. Although
crude,
these
serum
to suggest
that
13 and
excretion
indicators
a thyroidor sympathetic
to account
for fluoxetines
therefore,
increase
in body
urinary
norepi-
were steadily
provide
no
decreasevidence
nervous
effect.
fluoxetine
REE
point.
control
the
REE
ultimately
groups
control
despite
subjects
and
the fluoxetine-treated
perature
both
a lowered
voluntarily
maintain
the
points.
subjects
Although
in both
complaint
of severely
Such
constancy
indepen-
in
techniques
in
As
in
with
prove
to
This
indicates
that
their
thermal
of
respective
their
the
tem-
subjects
insulation
temperature
set
energy-restricted
individuals
(28,
29).
The strategy
of increasing
thermal
insulation
will, of course,
reduce
or eliminate
the need for increased
basal thermogenesis
to maintain
a higher temperature
set point.
It is well known that basal body temperature
increases
during
the luteal phase of the normal
menstrual
cycle and this phenomenon
appeared
to persist
during
placebo-treated
subjects
(Figure
perature
of the fluoxetine-treated
a value
equal
to that
of the
luteal
energy
restriction
of the
5). By contrast,
the basal temsubjects
remained
constant
at
phase
of the control
subjects.
week
any
of energy
due
placebo
to
lean
balance
and
was,
if
sub-
the greater
basal
that
daily
faster
the
ideal
than
loss-in
the
fluoxwere
energy
immediately
temperature
energy
after
drug
in the fluoxetine
period
of
adaptation
reduction
to
of
expenditure
conditions
total
of glucose
of medication;
progressive
measured
under
other
daily
effect
greater
the
stage,
significance
a greater
fat
dose
body
at this
factors
for
throughout
we
group
borderline
the thermic
been
despite
only
Even
elevation
body
have
substantial
caused
by physical
may be difficult
treatment
REE
and
activity.
temperature
of basal
is
glycogen,
to reveal
third
that
of only
the previous
sustained
Because
body
temperature
water,
nitrogen
therefore,
and
h after
restriction
both
increased
constancy
we
groups
in
normal
a sustained
ones.
despite
groups
decreased
a continuing
of
their
and
of patient
body
comfort,
we
cannot
rule out the possibility
that energy
expenditure
was
greater
than this under the thermally
unregulated
conditions
that prevailed
most of the time, and might have been greater yet
for the fluoxetine-treated
subjects
because
their temperature
set
point was higher.
A third conjecture
is that fluoxetine
may stimulate
physical
in the
hence
the higher
temperature
system-mediated
It is reasonable,
increased
week
semistarvation
is mostly
accounted
REE
might
was
REE.
increased
favoring
mechanism
(Celsius)
=24
Second,
earlier
each
third
and
have
First,
expenditure
group
that
might
group.
measured
adaptation
to semistarvation
became
established.
The magnitude of the temperature
increase
was in good agreement
with
evidence
the
because
than
small
expenditure-and
Unlike
previous
studies,
this one combined
both REE and
body temperature
measurements
and indicated
a closely similar
time course of increasing
REE and body temperature
in subfluoxetine,
significantly
the
of
be disregarded
It is possible,
REE
energy
administered
By
positive
higher
was
0.07).
higher
continued
days
loss
cannot
severe
of the control
not be expected
loss.
and
more
remained
difference
etine
group
slightly
the possibility
the
cycle.
(31),
during
early
weight
loss
to that
lost weight
of extracellular
of fat
of
(P
increase
in
administration.
tissue
equal
group
in the
weeks
are
a final
used
we
suggest
fluoxetine-a
drug
that
relevant
to the thermostatic
theory
preceding
holds
a meal
a situation
in
energy
expenditure
to fidgeting,
measurement
(32).
remark,
ciated
with food
(33, 34). If this
such
increments
activity,
such as those due
to perceive
unless
special
that
the
that
increase
ingestion
helps
theory
is correct,
could
the
the
induces
theory
in body
limit
the
a higher
thermic
effect
present
observations
early
satiety-could
of weight regulation.
temperature
consumption,
of food
asso-
total amount
eaten
basal
temperature
will
because
increase
in
body
temperature
to the satiety level earlier in the course of a meal.
In agreement
with this prediction,
fluoxetines
anorexiant
effect is relatively
specific
for carbohydrate
(4), the nutrient
which,
when consumed
in customary
amounts,
has the most
immediate
and pronounced
thermic
effect (35).
U
We thank
Mi
Myers
expenditure
measurements,
S Solomon
and I Niarri
for
assisting
MG
Shingler
with
many
for assisting
of
the
resting
in patient
measurements.
energy
care,
and
cycle
16
12
being
and would
rate
however,
adipose
8
(30),
in the
restriction,
loss
tissues
initial
fluoxetine.
women
to the mobilization
difference
I-
intake
in the placebo
Weight
due
the
or without
energy
those
study.
mostly
0.2
a,
their
than
the
during
with
the fluoxetine-treated
faster
I\
?I I
0.
E
group,
normally
to deterthermo-
EFFECT
THERMIC
OF
FLUOXETINE
19. Halbrecht
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