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Inability to speak
Answer Explanation
Poor airway exchange results in impaired ventilation and may be a sign
of airway obstruction.
High pitched noise while inhaling, called stridor, is a sign of upper
airway impairment and may represent a partial airway obstruction.
Speech requires movement of air across the vocal cords. An airway
obstruction will prevent this air movement and therefore speech.
All of the above represent signs of possible airway obstruction.
2. The compression to ventilation ratio for the lone rescuer giving CPR to
victims of ANY age is:
15:2
30:2
30:1
10:1
Answer Explanation
10:1 is not a correct compression to ventilation ratio and will result in
inadequate perfusion.
30:1 is not a correct ratio and will result in inadequate ventilation.
30:2 is the AHA expert consensus for the correct ratio of compressions
to ventilations.
15:2 is not the correct ratio for compressions to ventilations in single
rescuer CPR.
3. In an adult with an advanced airway in place during 2-rescuer CPR,
breaths should be administered how often?
Every 10 to 12 seconds ( 5 to 6 breaths per minute)
Answer Explanation
Twenty to thirty breaths per minute will result in hyperventilation which
impedes return of spontaneous circulation.
One breath every 4 to 5 seconds will result in hyperventilation and is
faster than the AHA guidelines recommend.
One breath every 6 to 8 seconds results in 8 to 10 breaths per minute,
and is the correct ventilation rate for an adult victim with an advanced
airway.
One breath every 10 to 12 seconds is slower than AHA guidelines
recommend.
4. The 5 links in the adult Chain of Survival include all of the following
EXCEPT:
Advanced airway placement
Rapid Defibrillation
Early CPR
Answer Explanation
Early CPR provides vital oxygen to the brain and vital organs increasing
the likelihood of recovery.
Rapid defibrillation increases the chance of effectively restoring a
normal heart rhythm.
Advanced airway placement is not part of the BLS adult chain of
survival.
Post cardiac arrest care reduces the possibility of long-term impairment
and increases the chance of a victim making a full recovery.
5. The initial Basic Life Support (BLS) steps for adults are:
Assess the victim, activate EMS and get AED, check pulse, start
CPR
Assess the victim, start CPR, give 2 rescue breaths, defibrillate
Answer Explanation
The 2010 AHA guidelines recommend starting CPR before initiating
rescue breathing.
Assessing the victim, activating EMS, rapid use of an AED, checking
pulse, and beginning CPR is the correct sequence of events for BLS.
The 2010 AHA guidelines recommend initiating CPR prior to giving
rescue breaths, and this sequence does not activate EMS.
This sequence fails to activate EMS.
6. How often should rescuers switch roles when performing 2-rescuer
CPR?
After every 5 cycles of CPR
Answer Explanation
Changing roles after every cycle of CPR will create too many
interruptions and impair successful resuscitation.
Changing roles after every 2 cycles of CPR will create frequent
interruptions in perfusion and is not consistent with AHA
recommendations.
Changing roles after every 5 cycles of CPR is the currently
recommended frequency to promote high quality CPR.
CPR is physically demanding and waiting to switch roles every 10
cycles will likely fatigue the rescuer performing chest compressions
resulting in lower quality CPR.
7. The proper steps for operating an AED are:
Power on the AED, attach electrode pads, shock the patient,
analyze the rhythm
Check pulse, attach electrode pads, analyze rhythm, shock patient
Power on the AED, attach electode pads, analyze the rhythm, clear
the patient, deliver shock
Attach electrode pads, check pulse, shock patient, analyze rhythm
Answer Explanation
The patient must be analyzed before the AED will advise a shock
Answer Explanation
The 2010 guidelines recommend beginning with chest compressions to
perfuse the brain, heart and other organs as soon as possible.
The AHA no longer recommends beginning with Airway as it delays
initiation of chest compressions.
The AHA changed from A, B, C to C, A, B in 2010 to emphasize the
importance of early chest compressions in successful resuscitation.
Temporal artery
Ulnar artery
Answer Explanation
The brachial artery located on the upper arm is used in infants below 1
year old.
The ulnar artery is not used to perform pulse checks in BLS.
The temporal artery is not used to perform pulse checks in BLS.
The carotid and femoral arteries are used to perform pulse checks in
BLS on children from 1 year of age to puberty.
10. The critical characteristics of high-quality CPR include which of the
following?
Minimize interruptions