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1-persistent CSMA
first transmission results in a collision if several stations are waiting for the channel
Subnetting is basically just a way of splitting a TCP/IP network into smaller, more
manageable pieces. The basic idea is that if you have an excessive amount of traffic flowing across
your network, then that traffic can cause your network to run slowly. When you subnet your network,
you are splitting the network into a separate, but interconnected network.
The main purpose of subnetting is to help relieve network congestion.
5.List any four QoS parameters.
Bandwidth - the rate at which an application's traffic must be carried by the network
Latency - the delay that an application can tolerate in delivering a packet of data
Framing: determines start and end of packets (all we see is a string of bits) and their order by
inserting packet headers.
HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages
are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response
to various commands.
CS 2363/65/10144/503 COMPUTER NETWORKS Question paper
Part A
MAY/JUNE 2012
1.Define network
Network
2.Define Framing
ABOVE
3. What are need for protocols
Protocols are set of rules and conventions used for communication of entities in different systems
Protocols are Building blocks of a network architecture
Each protocol object has two different interfaces
service interface: defines operations on this protocol
peer-to-peer interface: defines messages exchanged with peer
A Network Architecture is a structured set of protocols that implement the exchange
of information between computers
4. What is the use of IP address
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g.,
computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication.
An IP address serves two principal functions:
host or network interface identification
location addressing.
5. What is client process?
The client is a process (program) that sends a message to a server process (program),
requesting that the server perform a task (service). Client programs usually manage the user-interface
portion of the application, validate data entered by the user, dispatch requests to
server programs, and sometimes execute business logic
The client process runs on the client machine and issues HTTP requests one after another for
the server.
Currently, the clients send HTTP requests in the format of
``GET http://server_name:port_number/dummy[filenum].html HTTP/1.0'',
6.What is symmetric key algorithm?
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for
both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical or there may be
a simple transformation to go between the two keys.
7.Define HTML
HyperText Markup Language, the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide
Web
HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes.
The correct structure for an HTML document starts with <HTML><HEAD>(enter here what
document is about)<BODY> and ends with </BODY></HTML>
8.State Why telnet uses Network virtual Terminal
TELNET (TErminal NETwork) is a general purpose client-server program that lets user
access any application on a remote computer. It establishes a connection to a remote system, such
that the local terminal appears to be a terminal at the remote system. Telnet uses TCP through well
known port 2
The Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) is a representation of a basic terminal and provides a
standard that the computers on either end of a Telnet connection are assumed to follow. It defines
how data and commands are sent across the network. Thus, NVT allows interoperability between
Telnet and a variety of heterogeneous computers and operating systems. It consists of a virtual
keyboard that generates user-specified characters and a printer that displays specific characters.
CS 2363/65/10144/503 COMPUTER NETWORKS Question paper
Part A
MAY/JUNE 2014
1. List the advantages of FDDI?
UNIT 1- two marks
1. What are Advantages and disadvantages of various topology
Mesh Topology
Dedicated point-to-point links to every other device
n (n-1)/2 links an each device will have n-1 I/O ports
Advantages
Dedicated links no traffic problems
Robust
Privacy/Security
Easy fault identification and isolation
Disadvantages
More amount of cabling and I/O ports requirement
Installation and reconnection is difficult
Expensive
Star Topology
Dedicated point-to-point links to central controller (hub)
Controller acts as exchange
Advantages
Less expensive
Robustness
Disadvantages
More cabling requirement than ring and bus topologies
Bus Topology
Multipoint configuration
One cable acts as a backbone to link all devices
Advantages: Ease of installation, less cabling
Disadvantages: Difficult reconnection and fault isolation, a fault/break in the bus cable stops all
transmission
Ring Topology
Dedicated point-to-point configuration to neighbors
Signal is passed from device to device until it reaches destination
Each device functions as a repeater
Advantages: easy to install and reconfigure
Disadvantages: limited ring length and no: of devices; break in a ring can disable entire network
2. List the Categories of Networks
Based on size, ownership, distance covered, and physical architecture
Local Area Network (LAN) smaller geographical area
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) network extended over an entire city
Wide Area Network (WAN) large geographical area
3. What are Protocols
OSI
5.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol.
1)Has 4 layers
Simil
aritie
s of
OSI
and
TCP/IP model
They share similar architecture
They share a common application layer
Both models have comparable transport and network layers
Both models assume that packets are switchedBasically this means that individual packets may take differing paths in order to reach the same
destination.
6. Physical Layer Responsibilities
Responsible for transmitting individual bits from one node to the
next
1. Defines the characteristics of interfaces and transmission media
2. Defines the type of transmission media
3. To transmit this stream of bits (0s and 1s), it must be encoded into
signals.
Physical layer only defines the type of representation of bits.
4. Internet Architecture
7.
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