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Telecommunication
Using of Off-Grid inverters SUNNY ISLAND in Base Transceiver Stations
Contents
As part of the global development of telecommunications networks, Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) are also
frequently constructed in Off-Grid locations or Bad-Grid locations. The Sunny Island is very well suited to ensure
the electricity supply to a BTS even in such locations due to its flexibility and robustness. Off-Grid systems with
Sunny Island are distinguished by the following features:
Possibility for the supply of AC loads and DC loads in battery operation.
Optional use of 1-phase or 3-phase generators and the power distribution grid.
Selection between positive or negative grounding of the DC bus.
Flexible system design with the use of various renewable energy sources.
This document explains in detail when the use of a Sunny Island for the supply of electricity to a BTS is expedient
and what is to be taken into consideration for this.
SI_SVBTS-TI-UEN111810
Version 1.0
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Technical Information
Introduction
1 Introduction
The global development of base transceiver stations is increasingly taking place in regions in which the power
distribution grid often breaks down for long periods of time or where there is no access to the power distribution
grid. In order to also ensure an electricity supply to BTSs in such regions, diesel generators are being installed.
These require a high level of maintenance work and consume relatively high amounts of diesel fuel for low level
outputs. As a result diesel generators incur high operating expenses (OPEX) and present the operators of
mobile communications networks with the challenge of having to limit their Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
With electricity supplies based on Off-Grid inverters of the Sunny Island type, SMA Solar Technology AG offers
a solution for hybrid battery/generator supply systems which are able to be extended flexibly through
renewable energy sources. As a result the BTS operators are presented with opportunities for desirable
reductions of the operating expenses.
Since the Sunny Island was developed as an Off-Grid electricity supply, it is not based on the standards usual
for telecommunications such as the 19" design technology. However, all requirements of the supply of
electricity to BTSs are met, e.g. the positive grounding of the DC bus, the support of 1-phase or 3-phase
generators or the possibility of grid-parallel operation. In addition there is a technically refined battery
management and generator management and the robustness which is continually proven by the worldwide
BTS electricity supplies fitted with Sunny Island inverters.
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Technical Information
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Technical Information
Small wind
turbine system
PV
Generator
AC2
Equipotential
bonding busbar
EM
OM
USBC
DC-supplied contactor
Relay1/2
BatVtgOut
DigIn
BatTmp BatCur
ER
Com
SynchOut
Com
SmaOut
Com
SmaIn
Com
SynchIn
AC-Loads
AC1
Relay1/2
Starting signal
Windy
Boy
NETC
OM
SMA
COM
Sunny Boy /
Sunny Mini
Central
SYST
Communication cable
Control cable
Measuring cable
MEM
ORY
REPO
RT
Sunny WebBox
(optional)
POW
Positive conductor
Negative conductor
DC
Com
SynchIn
DC-Loads
3
Battery
current
sensor
SIC 50
AC/DC
converter
4
+
Battery
temperature
sensor
Battery
PV
Small wind
turbine system
Explanation
If the standards applicable to the location demand the grounding of a PV array, it is necessary to
connect the PV array via the AC side and to use a galvanically isolated PV inverter with transformer.
When a diesel generator is connected to the Sunny Island the complete grounding of the neutral
conductor and both protective conductors is necessary.
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Technical Information
No.
Communication Options
Explanation
The integration of a BTS in the DC bus of an Off-Grid system requires positive grounding of the
battery. Since all Off-Grid inverters of the Sunny Island family have a transformer and thus insulate
DC and AC galvanically from each other, this grounding is easily possible.
When a charge controller such as the Sunny Island Charger is used on the DC side or
transformerless PV inverters are used on the AC side it is to be observed that no grounding of the
positive or negative poles of the PV array is allowed.
5 Communication Options
The connection of a Sunny WebBox to the RS485 interface of the Sunny Island enables the detection of failure
statuses and the monitoring of system parameters, e.g. the battery State of Health (SOH) or the generator
running times. This data gives information on energy flows and the state of charge of the batteries and enables
analysis of the system behavior and evaluation of the energy yield. Via registration of the plant in the Sunny
Portal, additional event tables as well as various diagram presentations and report functions are available.
Use of the Sunny WebBox with access to Sunny Portal is also recommended in order that the Sunny Island
System can be integrated into a Network Operation Center (NOC). Thus the status of the BTS electricity supply
can be monitored at a glance via internet access. The presentation of data in the Sunny Portal can be
configured to individual requirements.
Several modems can be used with the Sunny WebBox in order to enable a connection e.g. via
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) or DSL (Digital Subscriber Line).
If 2 up to 4 Sunny Islands are interconnected to form a Cluster, the Sunny WebBox only communicates with
one of the Sunny Islands, the master of the Cluster. An internal communications bus connects all slaves and up
to 4 DC coupled Sunny Island Chargers with the Sunny Island master. Further AC-coupled SMA products can
be integrated via an RS485 bus.
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Technical Information
Generator type
Generator power
Sunny Island
used
+24 V
+24 V
+24 V
48 V / +48 V
48 V / +48 V
48 V / +48 V
1-phase
1-phase
3-phase
1-phase
1-phase
3-phase
1 kVA 5 kVA
3 kVA 8 kVA
5 kVA 15 kVA
3 kVA 10 kVA
9 kVA 20 kVA
5 kVA 30 kVA
1 x SI 2224
2 x SI 2224
3 x SI 2224
1 x SI 5048
2 x SI 5048
3 x SI 5048
Continuous AC
power in battery
operation
2.2 kW
4.4 kW
6.6 kW
5 kW
10 kW
15 kW
Depending on how continuously the AC loads are to be supplied and depending on the estimated generator
runtime the dimensioning can deviate from the recommendations in the table.
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References
9 References
Cesme in Turkey
PV plant:
Wind turbine:
Off-grid system:
Battery:
Load:
Mugla in Turkey
PV plant:
Wind turbine:
Off-grid system:
Battery:
Loads:
Croatia
PV plant:
Off-grid system:
Battery:
Load:
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