P3-20: Analysis of Dispersion and Interaction Impedance for Vane-loaded

Coaxial Waveguide Structure

Simhadri Uma Maheswara Reddy1, Subrata Kumar Datta1, P. Raja Ramana Rao1,
P.K. Jain2 and Lalit Kumar1
1

Microwave Tube Research and Development Centre, Bharat Electronics Complex, Jalahalli Post,
Bangalore 560013, India. (Email: sumreddy@mtrdc.drdo.in )
2
Department of Electronics Engineering, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Abstract: Vane loaded coaxial structures have been

found useful for mode rarefaction, when used in oversized,
over-moded gyrotron amplifiers. Also such circuits can
compensate for the gain reduction which normally occurs
while broad-banding of gyro-TWTs. This magnetron like
structure was analyzed for its cut-off wave numbers by
various techniques. In the present paper the dispersion and
interaction impedance characteristics are obtained by
boundary matching technique [1]. The results are
compared with simulated data obtained using CST
microwave studio for TE01-mode.

2.

The region between vanes and outer cylinder (rv d r

d rw) ;

I
2

dTd

2S I

N 2

Where rw is the radius of cylindrical waveguide; rv is the

radius of the vanes, rc is the radius of central conductor,

I is the vane angle and N is the number of vanes.

Keywords: Vane-loaded coaxial waveguide, Gyro-TWT,

CST microwave Studio, Dispersion and interaction
impedance.
Introduction
The dispersion and interaction impedance characteristics of
a simple cylindrical waveguide can be modified by
providing azimuthally periodic ridges (vanes) and/or an
axial center conductor as shown in Fig 1. This circuit gives
a possibility of enhancing the beam power and realizing a
device with higher output power. Also this structure gives
a higher gain compared to a simple cylindrical waveguide
hence it can be used to compensate the gain loss that occurs
due to broad-banding techniques employed in gyro-TWTs.

Figure 1. A Vane loaded coaxial waveguide

For gyrotron interaction the TE modes are of importance.
For these modes the dispersion characteristics and the field
constants are obtained by substituting appropriate magnetic
field boundary conditions at the radius of the vane [1]. The
interaction impedance for beam wave interaction structures
like that of gyrotron is given by [2],

This type of structure was analyzed exhaustively for its cutoff wave numbers for different modes [2 to 5]. The
dispersion characteristic of the structure was obtained by
Singh et al., [1]. In the present paper this analysis is
extended to get interaction impedance for the structure. The
results obtained using the analysis were compared with the
results obtained by simulation carried out by using
commercially available 3-D electromagnetic software, CST
microwave studio, for the TE01 mode.

2S

1 rv
E r ,1 H T*,1  ET ,1 H r*,1 r dr dT

r
2 c 0

2S I

rw N 2

The free space region between the centre conductor

and the vanes (rc d r d rv),
(0 d Td S)

N
rv

978-1-4244-7099-0/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE

2E 2 P

Where P is the power propagating along the structure

which is given as

Analysis
Dispersion characteristics: The vane loaded coaxial waveguiding structure shown in Fig.1, is divided into two
regions:
1.

ET2

369

E
I
2

r ,2

H T*, 2  ET , 2 H r*, 2 r dr dT

ZP
2
 o Am ,1 J m' k c rh   K m Am ,1Ym' k c rh 
E
m f k c
Where rh is mean radius of the beam.
f

2
T ,1 r r
h

Simulation
A cylindrical wave guide with the dimensional
details as given in table 1, operating in mm-wave frequency
range is analyzed for dispersion and interaction impedance.
Table 1: Dimension details

Parameter
Value
rc
0.75mm
rv
3.9 mm
rw
5.4 mm
rh
2.25 mm
30o
I
4
1

Figure 3. Dispersion characteristics for 300 vane angle.

Results and Discussions

The dispersion & interaction impedance results
obtained from analysis are compared with those from
simulation for various vane angles for 0 & 30 degrees. The
results match well for lower vane angles, but the error
increased as the vane angle increases as shown in Figs. 2
5. This may be due to the fact that the boundary matching
is done at the vane radius only. However, for all the
practical purposes the vane angles will be chosen less than
30 degrees where the percentage of error is less than 10%.
The difference in the interaction impedance is more near
the cut-off frequency which is not of practical importance
as the devices will operate away from cut-off.

Figure 4. Interaction impedance for 100 vane angle.

Figure 5. Interaction impedance for 300 vane angle.

References
1. K. Singh, P. K. Jain, and B. N. Basu, Analysis of a
coaxial waveguide corrugated with wedge-shaped
radial vanes or ridges considering azimuthal
harmonics, progress in Electromagnetics research,
PIER 47, pp. 297312, 2004.
2. G. Singh, S. M. S. R. Chandra, P. V. Bhaskar, P. K.
Jain, and B. N. Basu, Analysis of an azimuthally
periodic vane-loaded cylindrical wave guide for a
gyro-travelling- wave tube , Int. J. Electronics., vol.
86, no. 12, pp. 14631479, 1999.

Figure 2. Dispersion characteristics for 100 vane angle.

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