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AMPLIFIERS
By,
Madan H R
Department of ECE,
RVCE, Bengaluru
Here, total gain less than the product of the gains of individual stages
Because, when the second stage is made to follow the first stage, the effective load
resistance of the first stage is reduced due to the shunting effect of the input
resistance of the second stage. This reduces the total gain
It is clear that voltage gain drops off at low (<50Hz)
and high (>20KHz) frequencies whereas it is uniform
over mid-frequency range (50Hz to 20KHZ)
At low frequencies,
the reactance of coupling capacitor CC is quite high and hence very small part of the
signal will pass from one stage to the next stage
The CE cannot shunt the emitter resistance RE effectively because of its large
reactance at low frequencies
These two factors cause a falling of voltage gain at low frequencies.
At high frequencies,
the reactance of coupling capacitor CC is small and behaves as short circuit.
This reduces the voltage gain.
At high frequency, capacitive reactance of base emitter junction is low which
increases the base current
This reduces the current amplification factor. Due to this the voltage drops off at high
frequency.
At mid frequencies,
the voltage gain of the amplifier is constant
The effect of coupling in this frequency range is such as to maintain a uniform
voltage gain.
As the frequency increase in this range, reactance of CC decreases which tends to
increase the gain
Lower reactance means higher loading of first stage and hence lower gain
These
factors
almost
frequency
The RC-coupled amplifiers have excellent audio fidelity over a wide range of
frequency
In RC-coupled amplifiers:
The various stages are DC isolated. This feature facilitates the biasing of individual
stages.
The various stages can be similar. Hence the design of the amplifier is simplified.
The coupling capacitors influence the responses of the amplifier.
A great number of biasing resistors is necessary.
1.
Problems
Calculate suitable resistor value for the CE amplifier shown, given R L = 120K, VCC
= 24V