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and control are changing. However, the women are still largely
marginalized by their male counterparts. Efforts to continuously
provide viable opportunities to engage women in decisions,
management, access and control of the pastoral rangelands will
ensure that their voices are taken into consideration.
The concept of protected kraal system could have contributed
more positively in curbing insecurity in the Karamoja area.
However, its negative impacts on the pastoralist rangelands
health and management system was detrimental according to
the findings. Partners should find a constructive way to dialogue
with the security management organs to conduct participatory
review of the protected kraal system. It is recommended that the
security system must recognize the ecological importance of
pastoral mobility and other important aspects of the traditional
pastoral system while providing security for the livestock.
Humanitarian Aid
CONCLUSIONS
Increasingly, credible research, Pan Africa, Regional and National
Policies are recognizing the value of pastoralism as regards to
the sustainable and productive use of the rangelands and that in
fact, the pastoral system does not interfere with the rangelands
ecosystem, but actually that it makes the ecosystem. Soil erosion
was identified as the key unifying factor for various indicators
presented in literature and was used as a basis for Lokok
rangelands health sampling. Soil erosion was also mentioned by all
the communities consulted as an indicator for rangelands health,
showing the utility of indigenous knowledge in rangelands health
mapping. Therefore, soil erosion maybe considered as a primary
indicator of mapping and monitoring of rangeland health. In future,
other indicators such as biomass and species composition should
be explored.
Increasing agro-pastoralism and security measures by protected
kraals influence communal grazing and transhumance systems
that have defined rangelands management practices and grazing
system in Karamoja. The pastoralists keep their activities limited
to areas around protected kraals leading to prevalence in animal
diseases and increased susceptibility to degradation. Innovative
ways are required on balancing security with sustainable
management of rangelands resources. With limited livestock
mobility and a growing sedentary system, the pastoralists
face challenges of access to pasture and water. This requires a
comprehensive land use plan to rationalize the evolving land use
types and practices.
Environmental characteristics differ according to upstream,
midstream and downstream location in the Lokok sub-catchment.
Up and midstream areas which have steeper topography and higher
livestock density are more susceptible to erosion and show higher
proportions of degraded rangeland patches. It is recommended
Certificate of Ownership).
The demarcation should take into consideration the mobility
corridors that should be mapped and demarcated with visible
mark stones/concrete. The process should be guided through
participatory process. The demarcation will ensure that there
is no encroachment and management of the grazing areas will
be organized under a selected committee or through the clan
system.
Bush fires: Bush fires are set during the dry season mainly to
support growth of tender and nutritious pasture once the rains
come. Since the fire scars are left bare, the limited vegetation cover
renders the burnt areas susceptible to erosion through run-off and or
wind erosion. The following recommendations were identified:
Prepare a fire management plan including bye laws to deter
intentional fires that are not planned and make response
difficult.
Combine opportunities of the Akiriket (the traditional
administrative leadership mainly comprised of Kraal or
clan leaders and community elders) and the existing formal
institutions of governance to device mechanisms of managing
the bush fire issue.
Invasive species: The common invasive species in Lokok subcatchment were Picinus communis (Ebune), Cynodon dactylon
(Toananya), Priva sp., Hoslundia opposita (Etupukwanait) and
Ipomoea sp (Amatwae). They are known to quickly overtake the
This briefing note was prepared and technically facilitated by IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature, with financial support from the European Commission
for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) through Action Against Hunger (ACF) and in collaboration with the Directorate of Water Resources Management (DWRM)