Modal Fabric

Modal is a new regenerated cellulosic fibre; it is a type of viscose, and its name has been a
generic name for modified rayon. Moreover, Modal--- according to an old school research done
by an Indian fashion designer named Prashant Verma (http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industryarticle/30/2940/Modal-fibre-to-fabric1.asp) --- is a wood pulp based cellulosic fiber made out of
pure wooden chips from a beech tree.
Rayon is the original artificial fiber, created by George Audemars in 1885. There are many
types of rayon, but it all boils down to one fact: they all came from cellulose--- an organic
compound, which in most cases came from wood pulp---, dissolved in numerous chemicals,
mixed

until

you

get

slime-like

material

(see

process

in

YouTube

video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHXBOznRMDk), then extruded into fibers, and spun to

yarns. Rayon is a textile made from wood pulp of any tree, but in the case of Modal, it uses
only beech wood.
Modal actually came into existence for a few reasons. Before anything else, rayon became
an attraction in the textile industry because it has become a cheap alternative to silk. However,
the production is compared to that of cotton, especially of their different behaviors. First of all,
there is the superior performance of cotton in wet condition. Second, there is an improved
handle of cotton fabric because it is firmer and it drapes more attractively.
Cotton has clearly been better than that of rayon, moreover on its wet properties. That is
exactly the reason why we can now see the demands made on the process of making rayon,
including the use of raw materials. Hence, Modal existed in the textile industry today.
Because Modal is cellulose-based, it behaves much like cotton or any other natural fibers--it can breathe, and absorbs water, but since it is an engineered fabric, it can perform better than
cotton in a number of ways.
Today, there are different kinds of rayon, and one of which is Modal. In 1951, S. Tachikawa
developed modified rayon with high wet modulus called polynosic fibers, until a company
started to manufacture their own version in 1964. This Austrian company named Lenzing
(http://www.lenzing.com/en/home.html) is just one of the leading companies that manufacture
Modal and other man-made cellulose fibers. The company offers many types of Modal:
MircoModal AIR, MicroModal, and Lenzing Modal.

Fiber Composition
Then again, Modal is made from the wood pulp of the beech tree. A web article stated that
(http://www.aaatextiles.com/knit/Modal.html) Modal is made from reconstructed cellulose which
is called polymeric polysaccharide carbohydrate, and this forms the primary structural
component of the plant.

Fiber Properties
When it comes to structure, Modal fibres are typically of round cross-section, in
reference to Handbook of Textile Fibres, and do not display any skin effect. Moreover, it is said
that the micro-structure is fibrillar, which means that it is made of small fibrils or threads; the
filament breaks up into smaller fibrils when disintegrated by a number of solutions such as nitric
acid. A great thing about it though is that the fibrils are distributed evenly all throughout the
cross-section, creating a homogenous structure. As also stated in the book, The degree of
polymerization is in the region of 500. The degree of crystallinity of HWM Modal fibres is in the
region of 55 per cent, compared with 40-45 per cent for ordinary rayon and 70-80 per cent for
cotton.

Additionally

from

an

article

made

by

K.L.

Gray

(http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1967/pdf/1403x0337.pdf), Modal demonstrates greater

extent of crystallization and also the increased lateral order in those regions bordering the
crystallized areas. It is said that the increased orientation of the non-crystalline regions is the
most important feature of the fibre, because it is the reason for the high modulus and for the
greatly reduced sensitivity when submerged to water.
Furthermore, Modal possesses lower elongation and higher wet modulus as it has high rate
of polymerization. Wet modulus is defined as the tenacity required to produce elongation when
the specimen is completely in water. This is when the property concerning crystallization comes
in. Since Modal possesses high wet modulus, its elasticity increases up to 5% when submerged
into water; its not the same as the rayon which stretches up to 8% in water. Aligned with the
modulus is the high wet strength, so Modal also guarantees high breaking strength in such
condition.

Plus, it is hygroscopic in nature--- or water-absorbent--- --- due to its polymerization. It

absorbs 50% more than cotton per unit volume. This is the reason why Modal takes up dye
easily, and is colorfast--- meaning, the color will not fade. Modal takes up color uniformly,
deeply, and fast, which is exactly the reason why the fibers are so brilliant on the final output.
According to Prashant Verma, referring to functional utility, Modal displays high dimensional
stability, both for low shrinkage and low unrecoverable extension. It has that fiber cross-section
that makes it an optimum blending partner. It blends beautifully with almost all textile fibres,
including: cotton, wool, linen, polyester, acrylic, tencel, lyocell, and nylon. According to an article
(http://vasantkothari.com/home/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/05-Application-of-ContemporaryFibers-in-Apparel-Modal.pdf), when blended it gives desired properties, such as the following:

Modal/cotton: Both fibers cellulosic-based property presents 100 per cent

naturalness. Blend makes cotton soft and supple. It also improves the fabric uniformity.
Modal and cotton fibers color provide uniform appearance which impart sheen and

color brilliance in the final product;

Modal/wool: Climatic, highly comfortable,

softer,

bright

and

has

woolen

characteristics, thanks to combination of wool fibers warm, softer, stuffed handle, that

takes shape with steam, and modal fibers superior characteristics;

Modal/Linen: Brightness, softer handle and comfortable characteristics of modal and
cooler and special effect of linen shows on blend. Adheres to comfort, and has elegant

characteristics;
Modal/Polyester: Modal/polyester blend presents brightness, softer handle and
comfort with easy clean and higher tenacity characteristics. Fabric has well-fitting

structure;
Modal/Acrylic: Has a softer handle and silky surface. Adheres to higher comfort.

Pilling is lower;
Modal/Tencel: Better dimensional stability; good handle and comfort characteristics

due to perfect combination of blend;

Promodal: Produced by Modal and Lyocells fibres blend of 65:35 per cent ratio. Cool,
100 per cent natural, and good before skin. When exposed to humid condition,

dimension stability is well. Has lower pilling value, and easy clean;
Modal/Nylon: Ratio is 80:20 per cent. Blend has well-known characteristics of modal
corresponding to softness, doesnt disturb skin, and also has higher wet and dry
tensile strength; easy iron.

According to a web article (http://www.aaatextiles.com/knit/Modal.html), Modal has a level up

surface, fine, smooth, and has brilliant luster, similar to natural silk. On top of that, Modal, still
according to the recently mentioned article, is also aesthetically appealing. Its smoothness gives
off a clean finish on the surface--- it makes hard water deposits (mineral deposits in water), like
limestone, less likely to attach themselves to the surface, making the fabric soft after repeated
washings. Thus, the fabric has a pleasant touch and is comfortable to wear. Next, Modal has
more shrinking resistance than cotton, has good moisture regain and air permissibility. It has
more bacterial resistance than cotton, if it is well cared for; it doesnt age like cotton, too. Modal
doesnt respond much on friction, so it is less likely to pill than other fibers. Lastly, garments
made from modal possess anti-creasing properties, and has relatively easy care.
The web article similar to that of Vermas research (http://vasantkothari.com/home/wpcontent/uploads/2014/11/05-Application-of-Contemporary-Fibers-in-Apparel-Modal.pdf)
summarizes the advantages of Modal:

Absorbs 50% more water than cotton;

Takes dye well;
Has the appearance of silk: luster/sheen/gloss;
Hold color when machine washed in warm water;
Fabric isnt stiff, so it doesnt become rigid when machine washed;
Can be repeatedly washed.
Soft and smooth against the skin
Doesnt pile as much as cotton
Resistant to fading
Resistant to shrinkage
Resistant to mineral build up when washed again and again e.g. lime from hard water
Blends are more crease resistant
Doesnt age like cotton
When it comes on being environmentally friendly, Modal is actually considered to be

biodegradable.

According

to

web

article

by

Ed

Mass

(http://www.life.ca/naturallife/0908/ecofiber_or_fraud.htm), from the starting point of the fabric

itself, Lenzing Modal is produced from sustainably harvested beech trees. In the article, Ed
Mass stated that, As early as 1963, Lenzing started recycling the chemicals from pulp
production after the company switched from the calcium bisulphite method to an
environmentally friendly magnesium bisulphite method. Although there are issues regarding the
manufacturing processes of regenerated cellulosic fibers, Lenzing chose to follow the
recognized eco standards, including spinning fibers with the use of non-toxic solvent. Though,

the sustainability of the fabric still is dependent on the fact that the company--- of which Modal is
made--- follows the principle of sustainability.

Fiber Production
Similar to what is also stated in the Handbook of Textile Fibres, Verma summarized the
process done by the Tachikawa patent in manufacturing Modal fibers. The process uses number
of chemicals, and the manufacturing is similar to rayon except for slight modifications in a step
or two. These are the following steps:
1. Steeping and Pressing
The objective of this process is to convert cellulose to its alkoxide derivative (alkcell).
Here pulp is steeped in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide 17%, causing fibers to
swell and converting cellulose to sodium cellulosate. The slurry so obtained is pressed
to remove excess soda from the alkcell slurry.
2. Shredding
Alkcell here contains 30 36% cellulose and 13 17% soda. To assist subsequent
mercerizing and xanthation reactions, alkcell slurry is opened to facilitate the
penetration of oxygen and CS2.
3. Mercerizing
HWM viscose rayon can also be mercerized, like cotton, for increased strength and
luster. The reduction in DP is achieved by oxidative depolymerisation or can also be
achieved by irradiative depolymerisation.
4. Xanthation
Here mercerized alkcell reacts with CS2 vapor, under vacuum, to form sodium cellulose
xanthate. To form the solution, xanthate is dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution
to give final composition in terms of percentage cellulose and soda in viscose rayon.
5. Filtration and Deaeration
The impurities present (substantial) must be removed prior to spinning to prevent
blockage of spinneret holes. Lenzing KKF is exclusively using automatic mechanical
filters of sintered metal screens with automatic back flush. Then it is deaerated, by
applying vacuum, to remove any dispersed air forming bubbles.
6. Spinning
Very high modulus and tenacity is achieved when cellulose is spun from liquid
crystalline solution. Unlike viscose rayon, the use of zinc in the spin bath is eliminated
completely, and only short period immersion in cold low acidlow salt bath is followed.
Jets used to spin these fibers are fabricated from platinum/gold alloy.
7. Coagulation Bath

In Modal process, coagulation and stretch occur together and are followed by
regeneration, leading to high wet modulus. Unlike viscose rayon, filaments in the bath
are stretched 3 times their spun length before regeneration, thus forming a structure
with fibrillar texture. This stretch orients the cellulose molecule to a very high degree
resulting in very high dry and wet strength ratio.
8. After Treatment
Modal fabric is given a clean soft touch finish by impregnating the fabric with an acid
donor; heat treating in gaseous atmosphere to activate the acid and subsequently
dyeing, washing and drying it. The resulting fabric has a sheen and glossy peach touch
finish
The company Lenzing also has a video that shows the general process of the
manufacturing of Modal, and can be seen in a YouTube video by a user under the name of Tex.
Lenzing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIJceUIEmS8

Uses in Textiles in General

Modal fibres, according to Style2Designer (http://style2designer.com/apparel/fabrics/modalfibre-properties-and-its-uses/), are produced in the 1930s to be used as conveyor belts,
exhausters, and washing tube pipes. Blended with Elasthan, Modal is also used as upholstery,
towels, bathrobes, bedsheets, and bedspreads.

Modal can also be used for technical

applications such as tire cord, abrasive ground fabric, rubber cloths, and other coating supports.

Uses in Fashion
In fashion, Modal is great for sportswear, health suit, and/or exercising clothing because it
has good moisture regain and air permissibility. Other than that, it is a good material for the said
garments because it can serve to benefit physiology circulation and health for the body.
Fashion brands such as annie + jade, Sosume, and Goddess on the Go created
sustainable fashion pieces , like dresses and such, from Modal, and can be seen from their
collection/s--- which will be tackled later on.
Usually, Modal is a great material for body contact clothing such as underwear and lingerie,
because it exhibits properties such as extra softness and high wet strength.

The website called The Underwear Expert (http://www.underwearexpert.com/underwear101/fabrics/) also pointed out that Modal can also be used for underwear because it is an
extremely luxurious fabric that is cool to the touch, is absorbent, with texture similar to silk or
cotton, and resistant to shrinkage and pilling. Another company named Zimmerli of
Switzerland produces underwear, knitwear, and woven goods with Modal, too.
The brand Lenzing manufactures Modal to be used as soft flowing tops and lingerie.
Lastly, Modal can also be used for socks and stocking to be worn on a day-to-day basis.

Used by Fashion Designers

Some fashion designers and companies have been using Modal because they believe that
great luxurious style can be eco-friendly and sustainable by their choice of fabric. There are only
a number of people who presents fashion pieces with the corresponding percentage of fiber
composition, and/or give out details about what their clothing is made of.
A Vietnamese-American fashion designer named Annie Le, the owner of the brand named
annie + jade (read as annie and jade), believes that one should offer the contemporary
customer a green option for day and evening luxury, and Modal has been one of her choices of
fabric to use in her designs. The next pages show the garments in her brand that uses Modal as
fabric.

From annie + jades

Fall 2012 collection.
Mia
Asymmetrical
Sleeve
Top
with
Dropped Hem made
with 90% MicroModal &10% Silk
Selene Faux Wrap
Maxi Skirt with Front
Opening made with
90%
Micro-Modal
&10% Silk

From

annie

jades

Spring

2013 collection.
Chloe

Pleated

Tank with Bubble

Hem made with
90%

Micro-

Modal / 10% Silk

Selene

Faux

Wrap Maxi Skirt

with

Front

Opening

made

with 90% MicroModal / 10% Silk

From
Off

annie

jades Fall/Holiday 2012 collection.

shoulder Siro Micro Modal floor length

maxi

dress.

Another fashion company based in Australia named Sosume Clothing focuses on

ready-to-wear garments that are made of highest quality organic and natural fabrics.
They believe that a modern, sophisticated woman should wear clothing that adheres to
environmental sustainability. During A/W 2012, Sosume uses a base range made from
blend of 85% Modal and 15% silk. According to them:

MODAL IS CONSIDERED TO BE A SUPERIOR FABRIC BECAUSE:

IT IS BIODEGRADABLE, MEANING THAT THE END USE OF THE PRODUCT

WILL REDUCE LANDFILL - ONE OF THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES
FACING THE FASHION INDUSTRY TODAY.

IT USES A TENTH OF THE AMOUNT OF WATER AS COTTON TO MAKE THE

SAME GARMENT.

ITS YIELD IS TEN TIMES GREATER THAN COTTON.

IT IS RESISTANT TO PILLING.

IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF THE WORLDS MOST BREATHABLE

FABRICS.

IS FAR MORE ABSORBENT THAN COTTON MEANING INCREASED

COMFORT.

IT HOLDS ITS SHAPE TWICE AS LONG AS COTTON.

IT HOLDS ITS COLOUR TWICE AS LONG AS COTTON.

BLENDED WITH SILK CREATES AN EXTREMELY LUXURIOUS AND

COMFORTABLE FABRIC.
Provided with the reasons mentioned above, this company also knows what it is
doing with the fabric that they are using, which is Modal. The next pages show a piece
from their collection that clearly uses the fabric.

This dress from their A/W

2012 collection suggests the drape of a jersey

fabric, and could be made

from Modal fibers.

This is a closer look

on the dress that was

shown earlier.

There is also an underwear company named Zimmerli of Switzerland that produces highquality handmade knitwear, woven goods, and most especially underwear, having Modal as one
of the fabric choices. They elaborated on how their fineness of the fabrics and materials is
unique, and how the elaborate cuts and perfection in detail ensure the perfect fit.

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of
Ladies

category
700 PURENESS SHIRT NS
95% MICROMODAL, 5%
ELASTHAN,

SINGLE

JERSEY
The Pureness collection is
comprised of lots of nature
and

breathability.

The

combination of beechwood
fibres and Modal provides
maximum

elasticity

that

tenderly hugs the body. The

opaque shirt with a wide
round neckline cuts a fine
figure even as a top.
Available in colors: sage
green, boudoir, and blue

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Mens

category
186

PIQU

COMO

SHIRT NS
46% COTTON, 46%
MICROMODAL,

8%

ELASTANE
It is the combination
that

makes

Como

Piqu

dynamic

underwear

collection

that keeps up at any

speed and lets the air
permeate
Micro

our

skin.

fibres

natural

from

beechwood

cellulose, cotton and

elasthane

are

the

secret of this sporty

elegant shirt with a
round neckline.
Available

in

colors:

white, blue, and black

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Mens

category
700

PURENESS

LONG JOHNS
95%

MICROMODAL,

5%

ELASTANE,

SINGLE JERSEY
The

pureness

collection
with

is

packed

nature

and

breathability.

The

beechwood cellulose is
processed

into

MicroModal
tenderly
body.

which

hugs
The

the

tapering

leggings with a soft

logo

waistband

guarantee the highest

wearing comfort.
Available

in

white, and black

colors:

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Mens

Category
186

PIQU

COMO

SLIP
46%

COTTON,

46%

MICROMODAL,

8%

ELASTANE
It is the combination
that

makes

Como

Piqu

dynamic

underwear

collection

that keeps up at any

speed and lets the air
permeate
Micro

our

skin.

fibres

natural

from

beechwood

cellulose,

cotton

and

elasthane

are

the

secret of this sporty slip

with

decorative

elements

in

the

waistband.
Available

in

colors:

white, blue, and black

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Ladies

category
700

PURENESS

PANTY
95%

MICROMODAL,

5%

ELASTANE,

SINGLE JERSEY
The

pureness

collection
with

is

packed

nature

and

breathability.

The

beechwood cellulose is
processed

into

MicroModal

which

tenderly hugs the body.

The

panty

is

an

extraordinary Basic with

a cotton gusset that
does

not

show

through.
Available

in

colors:

white, skin, and black

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Mens

category
1277 HOME DRESS
RZ3
50% BAUMWOLLE,
50% MODAL
MicroModal is very
breathable

and,

combined

with

cotton, can be woven

into a cool, yet robust
fabric.

This

innovative microfibre
fabric is made from
all-natural
beechwood cellulose.
This

casual-fit

loungewear set with

elasticated
waistband,

pockets

and exclusive print is

the epitome of casual
style.

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Ladies

category
718 LUNA SHIRT LS
80%

MODAL,

POLYAMID,

13%
7%

ELASTHAN
The

pureness

collection is comprised
of lots of nature and
breathability.

The

combination

of

beechwood fibres and

MicroModal

provides

maximum elasticity and

pampering softness for
the

wide

long-sleeve

shirt. In the seasonal

colour this shirt is an
invitation to relax.

From

Zimmerli

Switzerlands

of

Mens

category
718 WINTER DENIM
SHIRT VN SS
80%

MODAL,

13%

POLYAMID,

7%

ELASTHAN
Indulgently soft and
elastic,

the

V-Neck

shirt in mlange optics

clings

to

Produced
natural

the

body.

from
wood

MicroModal

is

a
base
very

breathable and is knit

into a fine jersey that
can be worn as a top.

From

Zimmerli

of

Switzerlands Ladies
category
700

PURENESS

FASHION

LOOP

SHIRT
95% MICROMODAL,
5%

ELASTHAN,

SINGLE JERSEY
The

pureness

collection

is

comprised of lots of
nature

and

breathability.

The

combination

of

beechwood

fibres

and

MicroModal

provides

maximum

elasticity

and

pampering

softness

for the wide longsleeve shirt. In the

seasonal colour this
shirt is an invitation to
relax.

Lastly, an Indonesia-based Australian fashion designer named Janet Molloy found the
female-focused company, Goddess on the Go. This company actually produces versatile,
travel-friendly mix and match separates for active women; an encouragement of selfconfidence and self-empowerment with style. Her passion then led her in creating comfortable,
figure-flattering, ethically produced clothing for women of all ages, shapes and sizes with the
aim of helping each individual look amazing, feel fabulous and live joyfully.
An interview with Janet and the General Manager of Goddess on the Go, Lianna Yau, was
done

by

person

under

the

pseudonym

Greenspeak

(http://www.baliadvertiser.biz/articles/greenspeak/2011/garment.html), and according to Yau,

she was convinced in using Modal as the best fabric choice in the business. In the interview, it
was said that both are only committed in using eco-friendly fabrics.
The garment industry contributes heavily to pollution. Its very worrying, points
out Lianna, who is also a dedicated environmentalist. --- this is just one of the heightened
points of the interview. Moreover, they added that theyve researched every fabric supplier in
Bali, Indonesia for eco-friendly fabrics, and found only Modal and bamboo, but then bamboo
doesnt give the aesthetics that they both want--- including softness---, and there was no reliable
supplier in China, plus there are no standardizations on what the thickness of the bamboo yarns
are, so they resulted to Modal.
The next pages show the garments of Goddess on the Go that are made of Modal.

Flowing Tunic
Lenzing Modal - Cap sleeve tunic is
cut to flatter fuller figures with the
beautiful drape of Modal accentuating
the extended side seams. S-XL
Lengths: 75.5-78.5 cms / 31-32 inches

Posted review:
Must have!!
Posted by Liza Huston on 24th Jun 2012

I purchased this in lime green to go with purple pants!! Love it!!!

Ronda Vest
Lenzing Modal - This all-purpose vest
dresses up any outfit with gentle drapes
down the center and one-button
accent.

Goddess Hood Jacket

Lenzing Modal - Street-wise zippered
Hoodie combines the softness of Modal
with the glamour of Silky satin trim on
hood, pockets, elbow patches and
banding both sides of the zipper. Our
playful signature "Goddess on the Go"
dancing tree decorates the back in
washable studs.

Adeline Dress
Lenzing Modal - A very
feminine dress, sleeveless,
with deep U neckline and
empire waist. The bias-cut
skirt drapes beautifully and
moves easily with you.

Cullottes
Lenzing Modal - The perfect partner for
dancing or relaxing. Wide waistband falls
below the waist. S-XL inseam Lengths:
42.5-41.5 cms / 17-16 inches

Jaime Jacket W/Long Sleeves

Lenzing Modal - Very easy fit jacket with front shoulder
gathers that flow into generous lapels and v shaped hem.SXL Lengths: 67-70 cms / 27-28 inches

As what one can observe from the garments stated a while

ago, most of them are made from blends of Modal and other
fabrics, such as Elasthan, and cotton. Another observation
that we can get out from the garments is that Modal fibers are
usually knitted into jersey fabric, which is why those garments
purely made from Modal can easily be identified by the drape,
luster, and texture when the fabric is seen, even from afar.
The full details may not be given--- like the dress seen from
Sosumes A/W 2012 collection---, but the aesthetics can
directly give a notion that what they are using is Modal.
Overall, the mentioned fashion companies do not only adhere to style, but they also thought
about how Modal can be used in order to create a more sustainable environment and a more
habitable atmosphere to live in. Clearly, the choice of fabric does not only serve to aesthetics,
but also the benefits from the properties that the fabric gives; utility comes first before beauty, in
shorter terms.

Source/s:

http://laundry.about.com/od/carebytypeoffabric/a/How-To-Care-For-Modal-Clothes.htm
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/30/2940/Modal-fibre-to-fabric1.asp (see

PDF)
http://www.aaatextiles.com/knit/Modal.html
http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/34/3385/dimensional-stability-of-Modal-

fibre-fabrics-during-processing-on-a-jigger1.asp
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=S_aiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&lpg=PA55&dq=tachikawa+Modal+process&source=bl&ot
s=fKL9aibkrj&sig=c0bi254hvTrh0lPdHikCFKHMtg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAWoVChMIx4TDqtqTxwIVx4uUCh1
3nQl7#v=onepage&q=tachikawa%20Modal%20process&f=false (Handbook of Textile

Fibres: Man-Made Fibres by J. Gordon Cook)

http://www.artisam.org/descargas/pdf/TERMINOLOGIA%20DE%20FIBRAS

%20INGLES.pdf
http://www.goddessonthego.net/watch-lenzing-make-modal-fiber/
http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/1967/pdf/1403x0337.pdf
http://www.life.ca/naturallife/0908/ecofiber_or_fraud.htm
http://vasantkothari.com/home/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/05-Application-of-

Contemporary-Fibers-in-Apparel-Modal.pdf
http://style2designer.com/apparel/fabrics/modal-fibre-properties-and-its-uses/
http://www.annieandjade.com/fabrics.php\
http://sosumeclothing.com/about_company/

http://www.viscose.us/Modal.html
http://www.swicofil.com/viscose.html
http://www.lenzing.com/en/home.html
http://www.lenzing-fibers.com/en/lenzing-modal/softness/
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/our-values
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/our-commitment
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/700-pureness-long-johns-700-1349-86.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/186-pique-como-shirt-ns-186-1420-01.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/700-pureness-shirt-ns-700-3460-136.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/186-pique-como-slip-186-1423-01.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/700-pureness-panty-700-3420-30.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/1277-home-dress-rz3-1277-2054-055.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/718-luna-shirt-ls.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/718-winter-denim-shirt-vn-ss.html
http://www.zimmerli.com/row_en/700-pureness-fashion-loop-shirt.html
http://www.goddessonthego.net/pages/about-us.html
http://www.novica.com/artistdetail/?faid=7148
http://www.baliadvertiser.biz/articles/greenspeak/2011/garment.html
http://www.goddessonthego.net/flowingtunic/#.VcdS1Pmqqko
http://www.goddessonthego.net/ronda-vest/#.VcdSKvmqqko
http://www.goddessonthego.net/goddess-hood-jacket/#.VcdSMfmqqko
http://www.goddessonthego.net/adeline-dress/#.VcdSNfmqqko
http://www.goddessonthego.net/cullottes/#.VcdSQfmqqko
http://www.goddessonthego.net/jaime-jacket-w-long-sleeves/#.VcdSUvmqqko

Picture/s:

http://www.annieandjade.com/Fall_12_collections.php#!prettyPhoto[gal]/10/
http://www.annieandjade.com/spring2013lookbook.php#!prettyPhoto[gal]/8/
http://www.annieandjade.com/Fall11_Collection.php#!prettyPhoto
http://sosumeclothing.com/collection_aw2012.html
http://sosumeclothing.com/images/aw2012/18_thumb.jpg
http://sosumeclothing.com/images/aw2012/19_thumb.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_490.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/small_image/275x396/9df78ea

b33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_25.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_1038.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e
5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_31.jpg

http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_516.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_723.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_1228.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_1167.jpg
http://www.zimmerli.com/media/catalog/product/cache/11/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e

5fb8d27136e95/i/m/image_706_710_1167.jpg
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/343/images/1812/Lenzing_Mo
dal_flowing_tunic_plus_size_eco_friendly_front_view__00687.1436167814.350.500.jpg?

c=2
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/458/images/1331/mt057__929

60.1393315018.350.500.jpg?c=2
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/403/images/1038/10__71987.

1347943585.350.500.jpg?c=2
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/474/images/1377/md060_front

__96810.1409727290.1280.1280.jpg?c=2
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/327/images/611/MP001__567

21.1328161284.1280.1280.jpg?c=2
http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/7fc99/products/397/images/2030/Eco_friendly
_Lenzing_Modal_Jaime_jacket_plus_size_front_view__11310.1438832999.1280.1280.j
pg?c=2

Video/s:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHXBOznRMDk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIJceUIEmS8