Ungnad, Arthur

Selected business documents

of the Neo-Babylonian period

J
3&T5
6

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

EDITED BY

[CHARD

J.

H.

GOTTHEIL

and

MORRIS JASTROW Jr.

Columbia University

University of Pennsylvania

NO.

SELECTED BUSINESS

DOCUMENTS
OF THE

NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD
BY

ARTHUR UNGNAD,
of the Royal

Museum

at Berlin

E.

LEIDEN
J. BRILL
1908

PH. D.

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

RICHARD

J.

H.

GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW

Columbia University

Jr

University of Pennsylvania

SEMITIC STUDY SERIES

XDITKO BY

RICHARD

J.

H.

GOTTHEIL and MORRIS JASTROW

Columbia Unirerrity

Jr.

University of Pennsylvania

N.

X.

SELECTED BUSINESS DOCUMENTS

OF TH

NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD
BT

ARTHUR UNGNAD, P.
OV THE ROYAL MUSEUM AT BERLIN

LEIDEN
LATE

E. J.

BRILL

1908.

D.

3815

943536

Printed by E.

J.

BRILL.

LEYDEN (Holland)

TO

MY ESTEEMED TEACHER

PBOFBSSOB DB.

FRIEDRICH DELITZSCH

AS A SMALL TOKEN OF GRATITUDE

INTRODUCTION
The neo-babylonian Business Documents

or so-called

contract-literature extends over a period from the time

of Sennacherib
1

writing

).

down

The great

to the latest period of cuneiformpolitical revolutions of that

whole

epoch, especially the termination of Assyrian rule over

Babylon

*)

and the capture of that city by Cyrus (539

B. C.) did not exert any noteworthy influence upon this

kind of Babylonian
the

in

before

the

have restricted myself

documents written

literature. I

present volume

to business

Persian domination

3
),

since the editors of

the Study Series have reserved a separate volume

documents of the Persian period.
4

JULES OPPBRT

was the

first

for

Assyriologist to devote

himself to the study of neo-babylonian business docu-

text belonging to this class, published in VS (

Schriftdenkmaler ; cf. p. X note 4) V, 1 is written
in the year 681 B. C., the latest, published by STRASSMAIEE in Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie III, p. 147 is written in the year 80 B. C.
1)

The

earliest

Vorderasialische

Before Sennacherib, there

is

no

been

clay-tablets

having

a large
gap in Babylonian contract-literature,

found

belonging

Kastilias II (about 1250 B. C.) and Sennacherib

to

the

time

(705681

between

B. C.).

(625 B. C.), the founder of the Chaldaean empire.

Texts belonging to the time of the Assyrian supremacy are rather
scarce and have not been included in the present collection.
2)

By Nabopolassar

3)

4) Cf. especially

par

MM.

Oppert

Documents Juridiques de FAssyrie

Menant* (Paris 1877J.

et J.

et

de la Chaldee

VIII
1

ments

But

).

since only a comparatively small

ber of such texts were at his disposal,

remained unsolved. The

first

many

publication

num-

difficulties

of a

large

was undertaken by J. N. STRASSMAIBR who,

in the year 1885, edited 181 documents of the neocollection

babylonian period

he re-edited

in

).

The greater part

an elaborate

series

of this collection

1897) in

(1887

which he published altogether about 3000 neobabylonian

business documents 3 ). An exhaustive study of the first
volumes of this work led F. E. PBISER to the publication of similar texts of the Berlin

Museum

).

PBISBR

laid the foundation for the interpretation of neo-baby-

lonian business
to the

documents by furnishing,

in addition

autograph copies, a complete transliteration and

1) In this

summary only

the more important works and treatises are

enumerated.
2)

J.

N. STRASSMAIER, Die babyl&nfschen Inschriften im Museum zu

anderen aus der Zeil von NebuJ:adnezzar bis Darius.

Liverpool nebst
(Actes

du Vie Congres International des

Orientalistes, Vol. II, p.

519

Leide 1885.

fi).

IV. Inschriften von Nabonidus, Konig

3) Babylonische Texte. Heft I
von Babylon. (Leipzig 18871889.) Heft V VI. Inschriften von Nabuchodonozor, Konig von Babylon. (Leipzig 1889.) Heft VII. Inschriften von

Kbnig von Babylon. (Leipzig 1890.) Heft VIII IX. Inschriften

Cambyses, Konig von Babylon. (Leipzig 1890.) Heft X XII. In1897, incomschriften von Darius, Konig von Babylon. (Leipzig 1893
plete). The texts belonging to the reign of the kings between NebuchadCyrus,

von

rezzar and Nabonidus have been edited in the

same

series (Babylonische

VI B ) by B. T. A. EVETTS, Inscriptions of the Reigns of EvilMerodach, Neriglissar and Laborosoarchod. (Leipzig 1892.)
Texte, Heft

4) F. E.

(Berlin

PEISER, Keilschriftliche Actenstucke aus Babylonischen Stddten

and F. E. PEISER, Babylonische Vertrdge des Berliner

1889)

Museums. (Berlin 1890.)

IX

well

as

translation,

as

commentary

At about the same time K.

to the texts.

L. TALLQVIST

compiled

a glossary containing the words of the texts which up

time had been published by STRASSMAIER, while,

to that

in addition to his former treatises, F.E. PBISBR published a

collection of selected transliterated

the
thek

4 th
8

volume of E. SCHRADER'S

and translated texts in

Keilinschriftliche Biblio-

In collaboration with Professor

).

he also issued a valuable

KOHLER

of Berlin,

series of studies entitled

Aus

dem Babylonischen RecMsleben" ) in which the business

documents are arranged according to their juridical conOther treatises based upon STRASBMAIER'S texts are

tents.

those of ZEHNPFUND

New

*),

DEMD.TH 5 ), ZIEMER 6 ) and

MARX 7 ).

was furnished by the excavations of

Messrs. PETERS and HAYNES at Nippur for the Univer1)

material

K. L. TALLQVIST, Die Sprache der Kontrakte Nabu-nd'ids. (Helsing-

fors 1890).
2)

E. PEISER, Texte juristischen und geschaftlichen Inhalts (KeilinBand IV). Berlin 1896.

F.

schriftliche Bibliothek,
3)

J.

KOHLER

u. F.

E. PEISEB,

Aus dem Babylonischen Rechtsleben,

IV. (Leipzig 18901898).

4) R. ZEHNPFUND, Babylonische Weberrechnungen (Beitrdge zur Assyriologie und vergleichenden semitischen Sprachwissenschaft [abbrev. BA]
I

I,

p.

492

5) L.

des

Leipzig 1890.
Fiinfzig Rechts- und Verwaltungsurkunden aus der Zeit
Kyros (BA III, p.^ 393 ff.). Leipzig 1898. Cf. also F.

ff.).

DEMUTH,

Konigs
DELITZSCH'S remarks

in

BA
6) E.

III, p.

385

(Nolizen zu den neubabylonischen Konirakttafeln)

ff.

ZIEMER, Fiinfzig Rechts- und Verwaliungsurkunden aus der Zeit

(BA III, p. 445 ff.). Leipzig 1898.

des Konigs Kambyses

7) V. MARX, Die

Stellung

Kontrakten aus der Zeit von

Leipzig 1902.

der

Frauen in Babylonien gemciss den

bis Darius (BA IV, 1 ff.)

Nebukadnezar

sity of Pennsylvania. This material

was published in three

volumes with splendid autograph plates by A. T. CLAY

The names contained

*),

in the neo-babylonian business

documents, excepting those published by the Pennsylvania University 2 ), have been collected and explained

by K.

L.

TALLQVIST

The neo-babylonian business

).

documents preserved in the Berlin Museum have been

published by the present writer in the
4

SchriftdenJcmaler"

The

present

III

Vorderasiatische

VI.
of neo-babylonian

collection

business

documents has, in accordance with the general purposes

the Semitic Study Series, been prepared primarily

of

the use

for

of beginners. This will justify occasional

emendations and restorations of corrupt and defective

The

title H. V. HILPRECHT and

of Murashu Sons of Nippur, dated in
the reign of Artaxerxes I (The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania, Series A, Vol. IX). Philadelphia 1898; the second
as A. T. CLAY, Business Documents of MnrasM Sons of Nippur, dated
in the reign of Darius II (ib. Series A, Vol. X). Philadelphia 1904;

1)

first

volume was issued under the

A. T. CLAY, Business Documents

third

the

as A. T. CLAY, Legal

and Commercial Transactions dated

in

Neo- Babylonian and Persian Periods chiefly from Nippur

(ib. Series A, Vol. VIII, 1). Philadelphia 1908. To the i* vol. Prof.
HILPRECHT contributed the introduction and concordance of proper
the

Assyrian,

names and

also copied a

number

of the texts.

These were not incorporated into TALLQVIST'S book, because separate

had been given by the authors.

2)
lists

Neubabylonisches Namenbuch (Acta Societatis

Tom. XXXII). Helsingfors 1905.
4) Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmdler des Berliner Museums, herausgegeben von der Generalverwaltung Heft III IV (Leipzig 1907) Heft
8)

K.

L.

TALLQVIST,

Scientiarum Fennicae

VI (Leipzig 1908).

passages. In every case, the original edition of the texts

can be consulted by means of the following concordance.

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GLOSSARY.
K

a'

namely, amounting
Betrage von. Ideogr.

alu town,
a'alu

up

(a

und zwar,

to,

document), binden, (eine Schuld) eingehen,

i'il,

obligation,

Schein;

Vater]

father,

(a title?),

abu

(a

to

buy

(einen

to
(a

housekeeper,

AD.E; probably
Meissner) AD. KID

q. v.

rah) the
I

debt, Schuld.

biti

written

be read (following

= addubu,

Verbind-

document,

record,

Urkunde,

Hausvater

abaku

perm,

1'il;

(passive).

lichkeit,

Abu

draw

1 to bind, to contract (a debt), to

'il

to

im

city, Stadt.

Urkunde) ausfertigen-, praet.

abu

niimlich,

A.AN.

(eine

u'iltu

')

fifth

lead,
slave),

Sklaveri)

month, der
to

to take

fetch,

leiten,

Icaufen;

fiinfte Monat.

Aolen,

away,

wegnehmen

ibuk,

praet.

praes.

ibbak, perm, abik (passive).

abkallu sage, Weiser^ (PN).
1)

^,

arab.

in proper names.

(Munich 1906).
cf. $

I,

||

||

^,

A.

For

the

^,

=
^,

^,

=
g,

{^

=
g.

PN =

only

Grammatik
Babylonisch-Assyrisch/'
~
A
over a vowel
and
difference between

Ungnad,

3k.

50
1

ablu son, Sohn.

abullu f. gate,

ubfum

Tor.

digit, Zoll

(=

ammatu);

'/M

also

surface measure, auch Fldchenmass.

abaru
baru strength, Stdrke (PN).
bitu abtu lit. destroyed house, zer-

abfiru I 1 to be strong, stark sein; inf.

and abbrev.

abtu in

Haus

stortes

the

i. e.

place (plot) where a

building has been pulled down, Abbruchgrund-

but perhaps better to be read

stiick]

bit

aptu

dwellinghouse, Wohnhaus.

agurru kiln-baked brick, Backsiein.

addubu ship-wright, Schiffbauer (?);

cf.

abu

biti.
adl 1) praep.

(einschliesslich)

Betrage;

2) subj.

(sa)

until,

till,

61), also

adi

muhhi

bis (dass}.

(a rah) the twelfth

Monat
(13

th
)

ara
;

praet.
(cf.

Stem uncertain.

month, der zwolfte

bAddaru arku

month,

TIN. adaru I

1)

to

zum zwolffachen

(plur.) furniture, Hausgerdt.

Addaru

urru

bis

bis

for three

ad! 12-ta-a-an

the twelvefold amount,

ude

(inclusively),

adl 3 ta sanati

drei Jahre\

auf

years,

56 b ) until

the intercalary

Schaltmonat(= dreizehnler Monat}.

to fear, to honor, fiirchten, ehren

6dur.
3^) light, Licht (PN).

51

ezebu

ahu

III

to save, retten (PN).

brother, JBruder; plur.

ahameS
eteru

1 1 a) to
spare, to

retten;

ah he

21)(PN).

57**) each other, eindnder.

part,
inf.

zahlen-,

rescue (with

n a) schonen,

eteru (PN); b) to
e-te-ru, e-ter-ru

be-

pay,
(

3d

);

itir; perm, to have been paid, to

have received, bezahlt sein, erhalten haben.

praet.

yanu

v.

sub \

inu eye, Auge (PN).

*)

Ayaru

(a

Aru)
aki

later

rah,

pronunciation

at the rate of, fur,

for,

probably

the second month, der zweite Monat.

zum Preise

von.

kurru temple, Tempel (PN).

t

ilu god,

ul

59b) not, nicht.

altu v.
*

Gott.

elft

EttNi.

53e)

to

go up,

to

be found, to

occur, to take place, hinaufgehen, sick finden,

auftauchen, stattfinden; praes. illi, ell I.

elft

ell

upper, oberer.

elat,

muhhi

q.

v.

el at (turn) sa

56 C ) except,

besides,

ausser, abgesehen von.

N. alaku

Elulu

47 h )

to go, gehen\ praes.

ellatu strength, StarJce (PN).

1)

illak.

(a rah) the sixth month, der sechste Monat.

Stem perhaps

52
p)!?Ki

alpu

bull, Stier.

elippu ship, Schiff.

ultu 1) praep. ( 56 b ) from, von
DKi

ultu (muhhi) sa

61), also

amtu

female slave, Sklavin-,

24m) the

<m; 2) subj.

after,

nachdem.

amat-sarrutu

being the king's (female)

state of

slave, Stellung einer KonigssJclavin.

1DN* imittu tax paid in kind, Naturalienabgabe

perhaps

amatu

also,

(?);

harvest, Ertrag.

word, Wort (PN).

U.MUK (am el)

meaning,

a title (profession?) of uncertain

ein Titel(Beruf{} unsichererBedeutung.

amelu man, Mann,

Mensch', often only deter-

minative.

ameluttu

amelfltu,

3 d ) servant(s), Gesinde,

dienende Person.

ummu
umma

mother, Mutter.

57 b r) as follows, folgendermassen.

aminatu

yard,

Mle (=

kanu),

/7

also

surface measure, auch, Fldchenmass.

amaru

to

look,

scAauen;

impv.

amur.

limur (PN).
immeru sheep, Schaf.
opt.

amurru
ana

zu,

west,

56 b

Westen.

to, for, at

fur, zum Preise

the price

upon, against,

von, auf, gegen, (umschreibt

den Dativ); with the infin.

to,

of,

that he (etc.) might, urn

32 fr) in order

(
.

zu,

auf doss

53
er (etc.')... moge',

ana muhhi

to the debit

zu jemandes Lasten.

of,

ina

56 b )

at,

in,

among, out ...

ina

unter, aus, als\

bei,

muhhi

of,

as, in,

to the debit

oft to be paid by, against, zu jemandes Lasten,

zu zahlen

hand

an

tions, dndern,

anaku

10)

annfl

aatu

to

Anderungen

I,

treffen ; praes.

alterai

nnI

ich.

altu

60,

make

to

change,

12>) this, Meter; fern,

the

each, je, jeder).

53

ina kati from

distributive particle, Distributivpar-

(=

tikel

gegen\

from, aus jemandes Hand, von.

of,

-an)

(a

enft

von,

5'*,

annitu.

6)

wife, E/iefrau.

assiitu state of being a wife, wifehood, Stellung

einer Ehefrau.

usatu help,

aptu

f.

apalu

13

1DN epru
epesu

J25i(/

(PN).

dwelling-house,

Wohnhaus

to pay, bezahlen-,

cf.

ab

perm, passive.

11.

food, 5Som^.
I

1 to

make, machen-,

praet.

ipus (PN).

plot, Feld, Grundstuck.

eklu

field,

akru

v.

ip\

ardu

v.

11%

flru surrounding,

phrase u-ri

Umhegung

i-sa-an-nu

(?),

perhaps in the

54

uru

stable, Stall.

irsitu

of a

quarter

land,

town,

ward, Land,

Stadtviertel, BezirJc.

urru

v.

eresu

"ilNi.

5b*)

merisu

to plant, pflanzen]

1
;

part,

eres

praet.

plantation, Pflanzung.

asgandu (am el) governor, Verwalter

esu

to confound, verwirren

I 1

turbance,

aslaku (am
asar

(cf.

eres; perm, eres (PN).

<$)*

infin. e s

u per-

Verwirrung (PN).
el) fuller,

Walker Q).
wo, wohin.

61^) where,

esrfl tithe, Zehnt.

asaridu (am el)

chief, officer, Anftihrer, Offizier;

also abbreviated

assatu
istu

istanu,

isten

v.

(PN) sarid.

^^i-

56b; from, von... her.

iltanu
one,

6 1 ) north, Norden.

einer;

istit

fern,

(cf.

rittu);

istena-a-an sataru ilteku they received

one document each,

sie

empfingen je eine Ur-

kunde.

istenis

57 aa ) one like the other,

einer wie

der andere.
iti adjoining,

itti

itti

angrenzend an.

56 b ) with, from,
simultaneously,

gleich.

mit, von.

together,

gleichzeitig,

zu-

55
ittu asphaltum, Asphalt.

etellu lord, Herr (PN).

etellitu lady, Herri* (PN).

eteku

belu

III 1 to let advance, vorrucken lassen (PN).

lord, Herr.

bSltu lady, Herrin (PN).

b&'iru

(am el)

I.babu

child,

Il.babu

fisherman, Fischer.

Kind (PN).

a) gate,

Tor; b) time, Mai.

babtu outstanding, unpaid money

(etc.),

aus-

stehendes, unbezahltes Geld (etc.}.

basu
II

1 1 to

to

be disgraced, zu Schanden werden (PN).

to

put

shame,

Schanden

zu

werden

lassen (PN).
"IPO hi

him (am el)

ein

title

of uncertain meaning,

Titel unsicherer Bedeutung.

biltu v. tav

p banu

1 to give, geben-,

impv. bin.

bitu house, Haus.

balatu

II

to

dm

(PN).

to

keep

u-bul-lit
banft

to

live,

alive,

leben-,

inf.

am Leben

= uballit;

balatu

life,

erhalten (PN);

bul-tu

bull it.

build, to create, bauen, schaffen

56
ibni,

praet.

banat

bani, perm, bani,

part,

(PN).

ban ft

(am el) builder, Bauhandwerker

rab bani architect, Baumeister.

iniir-biinutii v.

barn

v.

basfi.

I 1

maru

IV 2

to

treten

am el
;

(IK.D).

-QN,.

perm, to be,

to exist, sein, existieren.

Ill 1 to call into

existence, ins

III

fern.

Dasein rufen (PN).

III 1.

be

called

into

existence,

ins Dasein

(PN).

batiiltu virgin, Jungfrau.

bitle

batku
take

a sort of spice, erne Art Gewiirz.

care, Sorge^y,

care

for

(the

batku
good

sa.

sabatuto

condition

kummern (um den guten Zustand von

gabru

of),

sich
3

etwas)

).

duplicate, Duplikat*

gugallu (am el) manager, Vonteher.

gidlu, gid-dil string, a measure for onions,
Schnur, Mass fur Zwiebeln.

1)

Reading and derivation quite uncertain.

2)

Or

p-Q,

p^?

meaning cf. Cuneiform Texts of the British Museum

15; Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmdler V 10, 1. 7; VI 290
Strassmaier, Nabuch. 90, 1. 15 (read [fa\-baf).
3)

For

XXII, 116

this
1.

57

guzu element

PN

in

of uncertain

meaning,

Element in Mgennamen, Bedeulung unsicher.

kallu.

v.

galln
ten

gamaln

1 to spare, schonen (PN).

gimillu present, Geschenk (PN).

"1DJ

gamru

gamrutu

fullness, completeness, Volhtandigkeit;

(= gine)

und

miNi.guE GI.NA

superintendent of the

Opferaufseher

also

Hofilmass',

kurru)

surface

cf.

p. 40.

gisimmaru datepalm,

Du'uzu

sacrifices, (?)

(?).

(better to be read

capacity,

voller Preis*

full price,

Offer;

sacrifice,

gurru

sum

the

Summe.

sim gamruti
ginft

kasap gamirti

voll;

full,

total, die ganze

measure,

Flachen-

Dattelpalme.

the fourth

(a rah)

a measure of

month, der

vierte

Monat.

dababu
to

1 to speak, sprechen

carry

on

idibbub;

inf.

dinu dababu

lawsuit, prozessieren

dababu

praes.

speech, agreement,

Rede, Abmachung.

dihbn

speech,

agreement,

matter,

Rede,

Ab-

machung, Angelegenheit.

dagalu

I 1 to

look upon, aufjemandcnblickenQPN).

58
2 (with

to be at the disposal of

pani NN.)

NN., dem NN. zur Verfugung

Ill 1 (with

stehen.

pani NN.) to place at the disposal

NN. zur Verfugung stellen.

of NN., dem
"pi (liiku

to

perm, diki
"in

duru

|n danu

to

strike,

kill,

schlagen,

toien-,

50 b ) passive.

(cf.

wall, Mauer.
1 to judge,

dinu lawsuit,

richten (PN).

Prozess.

dayjinu (da'anu,

danu)

dikfl

title

(am el)

judge, Richter.
uncertain

of

Titel unsicherer Bedeutung',

pDl damaku

meaning,

fem. dikitu.

to be pure, beautiful,

rein, schon

sein (PN).

II

make

to

pure,

beautiful,

rein,

schon

machen (PN).

\T\

damku

pure, beautiful, rein, schon (PN).

duinku

purity, beauty, Reinheit, Schb'nhcit (PN).

danuu

II.

ft

strong, stark (PN).

dannu

(karpat)

barrel, Fass.

and, also, und, auch.

abaln

to

carry,

ublunimma
Mltu
aft

cf.

talent, Talent

1 1 to

inusu

to

come

fetch,

48 h

(=

bringen,

60 mane).

forth, herausgehen; opt.

exit, lane,

holen\ for

Ausgang

Gasse.

lusl (PN).

59

TH ardu

slave,

the

arad-Sarrutu

Sklave;

24)

of being the king's slave, Stellung

state

eines Konigssklaven.

m\

arlju month, Monat.

the eighth month, der

(W)arahsamnu (a rah)
achte Monal.

pi arki

56)

after

after,

the

death

of,

nach,

nach jemandes Tode.

ark ft

later, spaterer;

31BT)

asabu

"in!

atru surplus,

"Of zakft

presence,

(inf.)

Gegenwart

cf.

Addaru.

Beisein.

IJberschiissiges.

perm, to be

fem. arkitu;

free of

obligation, frei

von Verpfllchtung sein.

"IDT

zakaru

zakpu

to

call,

swear, rufen,

schw'6ren\

izkur.

praet.
^1P?

32 f*) planted,

bepflanzt

planted with

zakpu

gisimmare

19s) datepalms, mti

Dattelpalmen bepflanzt.
tf%"lT

zeru

seed,

progeny, cornfield, Same, Nachkom-

aft)

Kornfeld.

rl
"OH

hibft I

to break, to cancel, zerbrechen, ungultig

machen praes.
;

II

1) Originally

I 1.

hibbI

perm, h i b 1 (passive).

60
hibti broken, zerbrochen.

hubullu
hadft II

in

hal-la-ki

hud libbi

free

Wille.
Ortsvorsteher, Scheich.

prefect, sheikh,

halaku

to

zugrunde

perish,

ruin,

gehen;

inf.

Untergang.

2 to run away, fortlaufen,

haiku

destroyed, lost, zerstort, verloren gegangen.

siklu.

='/ 10 (?)

lialluru

Jiamistu

five, filnf.

hummusu

divided

Teile geteilt;

DDn

huddu

inf.

will, freier

hazannu

Zins.

interest,

tali situ,

vulg.

also 5=^

Mahnung

Notiz,

into

five

/5

parts,

in

funf

siklu.

tahsistu

notice, reminder,

(?).

^on v. ^n.

huettt hamlet, Weiler

pn

hartu

(?).

fixed, festgesetzt.

hurasu

gold, Gold.

harranu

road, Strasse.

)Dn hatariu son-in-law, Schwiegersohn.

CD.

Tebetu

(a

rah) the tenth month, derzehnteMonat.

310 tabu good, gut (PN).

tabtu

1)

salt, Salz.

Stem quite uncertain.

61

B tabu (th) adjoining, angrenzend

US.SA.DU 1 ).

an.

Ideogr.

T
T

idu rent, Miete.

idfi

53g) I 1 to know, wissen.

V ftmu

1) day,

Tag; 2) subj.

01*7) when,

non-existence, Nichtexistenz

yfmu

there

is

not, esgibtnicht\

ana

if,

wenn.

praedicative

idi biti ytinu

under the condition that no rent

is to

be paid,

unter derBedingung, doss keine Miete bezahlt wird.

akru

T
Bn

dear, teuer (PN).

erebu

1 to increase,

vermehren] impv. erba.

53g) I 1 to have, haben.

isft (

eseru

I 1 to

thrive, gedeihen] opt.

lisir (PN).

D,

HDD kabtu honored, mighty, geehrt, mdchtig (PN).

kudimniu goldsmith, Goldschmied.
kidinnu

DID
11D

f^^

client,

servant, Diener

kumu

56 C ) instead

kanu

mel

part.

kittu

2; 121,

of,

6.

for,

anstatt, fur.

18 b h
-

mu kinnu

7.

witness, Zeugc.

3d) firm, true, fat,

truth,

wahr (PN).

Wahrheit.

Vorderasiatische Schrifldenkmdler
1.

(PN).

ii i.

klnu, k i - i n - n u

1) Of.

(?)

II 1 to establish, to testify, festsetzen, be-

zeugen

1.

(PN).

kudurru

64,

1.

2; 78,

1.

2; 82

62

kuzbu abundance,

DTD
"O

ki

1)

praep.

Uberfluss (PN).

56 b )

like,

wie, gemass,fur', 2) subj.

ki'am thus,

kima
kitu

v.

kimtu

according

to,

61 a ) when,

if,

for,

wenn.

so.

56 b )

like, instead of, wie,

anstelle.

rip.

family, Familie.

kalbu dog, servant, Hund, Diener (PN).

kalakku cellar, Keller (1).

kalamu

II

kanaku

to show, zeigen.

1 to seal,

siegeln, (eine

to

draw up

(a

document),

Urkunde) ausfertigen\ praet. ik-

nuk; amelkanik babi

knunkku seal, SiegeL
Kislimu

(a

notary,

Notar

(?).

rah) the ninth month, der neunte

Monat.
Silber, Geld.

kaspu

silver,

"1DD

kuprn

bitumen, Erdharz.

1!iD

kasaru

money,

to preserve, bewahren

karu rampart, quay(?), JTall,

karu storehouse, Speicher.
kirfi garden,

31D karabu

(PN).

Quai(!).

Garten.

1 to bless, segnen

(PN).

kiribtu blessing, Segen (PN).

kurgu
^"ID

fowl,

Huhn.

karii II 1 to shorten, verkilrzen.

DID kurummatu
Unterhalt.

food, maintenance, Speise,

Nahrung,

63
pot,
Topf; often only determinative,
nur
Determinativ.
oft

karpatu

kurru

v.

TBO kisMu

gurru.

neck, bank, Hal*,

kesern

unterstiltzen

kitru

1&

part.

li'fl

ki-

i r,

i.e.

keser

(PN).

alliance, ally, Biindnis, Bundesgenosse (PN).

59 a ) not,

Ufer.

to consolidate, to support, festigen,

nicht.

mighty, moaity (PN).

libbu heart,
v.

^IPI;

midst,

Herz,

ina libbi among

(that number),

unter, darunter.

AG-u

libbfl in

ekli of uncertain meaning,

Bedeutung unsicher.
libittu

18 h ) sun-dried brick, ungebrannter Ziegel.

lubuitu

lubusu,

minative

(sometimes with the deter-

ubat) garment,

clothes,

Kleid,

Kleidung.

1A

58 e )

particle

to

indicate

the

optative,

Optativpartikel.
likft I

to take, nehmen.

latanu female servant, Dienerin

(?).

D.

-ma

then

58 a )
a

enclitic particle 1)

word,

dient

used to streng-

zur Hervorhebung

ernes

64
Wortes; 2) connected with the verb
in

then,

32e):

that case, thereupon, according (to

which), dann, in diesem Falle, darauf, gemass

(dessen u.

maru

s.

w.}.

son, child, Sohn,

son

Sohn von;

of,

marsu sa (24)
mar-banutu ( 24 m )

Kind;

the state of being a free man, Stellung eines

tuppu mar-banutu document ot

manumission, Freilassungsnrkunde', mar sipri
Freien;

messenger, Bote.

martu daughter,
SAL-A.NI

Tochter

(cf.

maru); TUR.

m^rat

martusu/a, maratsn/a;
sanati three years old, drei-

ta

jahrig.

HID

murfmu young lion, junger Lowe (PN).

matu I 1 to die, sterben; perm. mit.

PHD muhhi

muhhi

56c,

on

the

ell) upon,

debit

of,

on, auf\ (in a)

to

be paid

by,

over, zu jemandes Lasten, zu zahlen von, uber.

maharu

Jcaufen',

received,

to

praet.

receive,

imhur;

bought,

2 (an-da-har

mahar

56 C )

buy, empfangen,
perm. 1) to have

empfangen,

2) to please, belie&en.
I

to

6",

geJcauft

6) =

mahiru

(PN).

before, in the presence of, vor,

in Gegenwart von.

mihrat

I 1

haben\

56c) opposite, gegenuber.

(purchase-)price, Kaufpreis.

65

mahru
mala

mahritu.

former, fruherer; fern,

1)

16) whatever,

according

to,

alles

was] 2) (praep.)

gemass.

malahu (am el) sailor, Schiffer.

malaku I 2 to deliberate, beraten.
maliku

councellor, Ratgeber (PN).

minimfi

15 C )

all the

somebody,
minfi ( 14*) what?,

^D manft

besitzt.

*w?

to count, zcihlen.

manft mine, Mine

mflft v. ^iSi.

npD mukuttfl

property belonging to

was jemand

alles

(=

60 Siklu).

claim for damages, (falscher)

(false)

Schadenanspruch.
I

iiiasft

niasihu
a

1 to forget, vergessen.

measure, Mass;

measure

certain

containing a

masihu,

little

masihu

(especially

sa sattuk
for

cereals),

more than the ordinary

bestimmtes Mass (besonders

ein

fur

etwas grosser als das gewohnliche

Naturalien),

maSihu.
maskanu pledge, Pfand.
miSlu

half, Halfte.

inasaru
to

II 1

place

Verfugiing

to leave, lassen\

at

the

disposal

with in a pani:
of,

stellen.

maiima whenever, wann

immer.

jemandem zur

66

na'Mu

1 to

erhaben
naru

exalt,

perm, passive,

erheben-,

(PN).

river, canal, Strom, Fluss, Kanal.

i33 nabfi

53 C )

I 1

to call, to agree with, rufen,

imbe

vereinbaren\ praet.

nubtu

6P*).

bee, Biene (PN).

"Ui nfigiru overseer,

Aufseher (PN).

nangaru

naggarn,

P)

carpenter,

v. )11
)li

nadanu

to give, to sell,

iddin, iddid,

praet.

iddinsu, idassii;

praes.

impv. idin, id-din

12

verkaufen-,

with

suffix

inamdin(

6p);

7),

9 a); perm, passive.

11.

imduunu dowry,
TD nftru

^^e,

(46,

Mitgift.

light, Licht (PN).

TW nazazu

to

stand,

to

be present, stehen,

gegenwdrtig sein.
Ill

to

Nisannu
nisutu

place, stellen-, praet.

(a rah) the

relatives,

first

usziz

46s*).

month, der erste Monat.

Verwandtschaft

(?).

nisippu a measure of capacity used for measuring

oil,

ein

Hohlmass zum Messen von 01.

nap palm blacksmith, Schmied.

istu soul, Seele; plur.

life,

Leben.

67
"llti

nagaru

uur

impv.
ni

praet.

iur;

(PN).

by the name

56c)

KiBO nasfl

to protect, schutzen\

of,

bei.

to raise, to carry, to fetch, to take,

tragen^ holen, nehmen

put...
ina kat NN. nasu (mostly perm.) to be

emporheben

to

responsible

NN.

verantwortlich sein

for,

dem NN. fur etwas

put epi NN... nasu

NN. does not go away,
doss NN. nicht fortgeht\

to be responsible that

verantwortlich
for

sein,

u and n a - a s - u
perm, n a a

NI-SUR (am el)

v.

cf.

9a

ginu.

a
1"1D

sadada

II

1 to honor, ehren.

pID sftku street, Strasse.

sihft claimant, Reklamanttf).

salatu kindred, Sippe(!).

cbD salamn

I 1

to turn to graciously, sich gnadig

zuwenden\ praet. islim (PN).

date, Dattel.

suluppu
Siniiinu

(a

rah) the third month, der

dritte

Monat.
"1DD sipiru

(am el)

sattukku

fixed B2^i\&CQ t festbestimmtes Opfer\ cf.

masihu.
1)

commissioner, Geschaftsfiihrer(l}.

Stem uncertain, perhaps

68
D.

pfltu

front,

broad-side,

put

;.

pihatu
T)D paharu

naSii

Bezirk.

district,

II

Forderseite, Breilseite;

NitW.

v.

to

bring together, to give support, zusammenbringen, Halt geben (PN).

napharu

pahharu
HD pfi
rf?D

of,

Mund
to

(PN).

Antlitz;

face,

in a pani at the disposal

zujemandes Verftigung ;

ODD pasasu

erweisen;

Ehrfurcht

respect,

iplah.

praet.

panu

Summe.

total, Gesamtheit,

potter, Tdpfer.

mouth,

palahu

sum

totality,

II

cf.

also

^n I 2, III 1.

1 to destroy, to annihilate, zerstoren,

annullieren.

washer, Watcher

pua'a (am el)

(I)',

fern.

pua-

'itu.
"ipD

pakiranu

(p a \

kir-a- n i

etc.) plaintiff, Klager.

pir'u offspring, Sprossling (PN).

parzillu iron, Msen.
D"1D

paras u

muhhi

to

to

decide,

pass

entscheiden;

sentence

with in a

against,

to

fine,

gegen jemand erkennen, mit einer Strafe belegen.

purussu

decision,

judgment, Entscheidung,

Urteil.

pissatu ointment, Salbol.

1)

OrbAtu? The word

has perhaps nothing to do with pAtufront.

69
pat Ana

to

protect,

beschutzen\ praet. ip-

tin (PN).
pitku divided into eight
geteilt;

eru

also

parts, in acht (?) Teile

(?)

'/,(?)

plain, country, Ebene, Land.

fOS sabatu

to take, to seize,

batku sabatu

v.

<?/&**, ergreifen

batku.

subatu gannent, Kleid; often

only determinative, oft

im
W
IDS*

ahru

nur Determinativ.

little,

klein-,

fern,

sahirtu.

illu shadow, Schatttn

(PN).

supru

fingernail, Fingernagel.

kibft I 1 to order, to
say,

kibu

order,

<?/*>W

befeUen, sagen.

(PN).

kftSu I 1 to give as a present, schenken

praet.

ikiS (PN).
kallu servant, Diener;

kimu

flower,

t a ^latu.

Mehl.

kanfl rod,

Rute

measure,

auch

(house-)plot,

fern.

(=

>/a

GAR);

Mdchenmass\

Grundttiick.

also

plur.

an area!

kanati

70

kakkadu

capital

(without

summe (phne Zinsen}.

kirbu ( 56) in the midst
kirubti

interest),

of, in, inmitten, in.

but not yet cultivated ground,

arable,

kultivierbares, noch nicht bearbeitetes

katu

Land.

Hand; ina kati from, von; sa

hand,

kati entrusted
ip

Kapital-

to,

jemandem

anvertraut.

kftu end, Ende.

r'ft shepherd, Hirt.

ramu
*ein

I 1 to love, to

be merciful,

lieben,

gnadig

(PN).

remutu mercy

gift (of mercy), Gnade,

Gnaden-

geschenk (PN).

reu
rabil

beginning, Anfang.
I

to

grow,

to

to be added,

increase,

wachsen, anwachsen, hinzukommen.

rabft great, eldest, gross, altester

in titles often

rab-biti major-domo, Major domus; rab-Sus'Si commander of sixty

chief-,

soldiers,

ragamn

rugummu
rihu,

Oder-;

Befefdshaber von sechzig Soldaten.

1 to complain, Klage fiihren.

complaint, Klage.

rihtu

reku empty,
rakasu I 1

rest,

remainder, Rest.

leer.

to bind, binden;

riksu rakasu

71

make

to

a treaty,

to

contract,

einen

Kon-

frakt machen.

riksu

rakasu.

y.

rapsu broad,

breit.

raSfl 1 1 to take, to get, nehmen,

12

11;

(am el)

iStasSu

for

bekommen (PN).

irtaSSu

6*.

cf.

Gldubiger.

creditor,

credit in favor of

rittu

hand,

somebody, Guthaben.
ina iStitit ritti ') all

Hand-,

at once, alles

auf

einmal.

0.
Sa 1)

13

der

von,

sa

ell

the one

ft

claim

of,

dem NN.;
(

belong

particle

24 n )

2) used like

to

NN.,

sie

gehoren

of the genitive, Genetiv-

h i monthly, monatlich
a preposition sa misil kurri
;

a ar

for half a kur,

(

to,

jemandem gehorig, Forderung von,

ali city-prefect, Stadtprafekt
2a

NN. Sin a they

partikel

belonging

of,

fur

ein halbes

16 b ) (he) who, whoever,

Kur\

3) relat.

(der) welchcr, wer

immer.
Se'u grain, Getreide.
Su'ati

12),

sumati

6^)

this, dieser.

selibu fox, Fuchs (PN).

For this reading cf especially Nerigl. (ed. EVETTS; v. Introd.
VIII, note 3) No. 31, 1. 6: ina istit it (sic!) ri-it-tum.

1)
p.

72
Sabatu

(a

rah) the eleventh month, der

elfte

Monat.

SE.BAB

(f.)

Gente.

barley,

sibirtn price, Preis.

Sigfl

lament,

Wehklage (PN).

Sangfi

6P)

(== saggii,

Priester.

priest,

siddu the longside, Langseite.

5^

*)

Sadft 1) mountain,
silmu onion, Zwiebel.

sataru document,

^>
I

sinm

price,

Urkunde.

1 to buy,

slnipn

kaufen-, praet. is

payment, Preis

to

put,

to

maskanu
saiatu

to
1

to

be

back his money,

Geldes,
1 to

d.

i.

safe,

sicher sein; also

2)

i.

e.

he

is

safe

perm.
with

he has received

er ist sicher in betreff seines

er hat sein

Geld zuruclcerhalten.

keep safe, to compensate, heil erhalten,

ersetzen.

1)

passive.

have power, Macht haben.

regard to his money,

II

establish,

kun; perm,

kaspuSu isallim

(PN);

to

v. "jt^D.
1

am u

Bezahlung.

place,

setzen, einsetzen\ praet. is

sal

am.

/8

sakanu

Osten.

10).

samu

east,

5w^.

fitu south,

s! she,

(PN); 2)

Stem uncertain, perhaps

Stem uncertain.

73

sulmanu

present, Geschenk (PN).

sullultu third part, Drittel; Sullulti or sul-

lul

(scribal error?)

suinu

name,

posterity,

sunsu

schafi; for

Sumati

isten

cf

sifcli

/3

Sifclu.

Nachkommen-

Name,
6**.

v. su'ati.

semil I 1 to hear, to grant somebody's request,

horen, jemandes Bitte er/wren; praes.
praet. is

samnu

sina

mme

me.

oil,

01.

samassaminu sesame,
Sattu

Sesam.

18^) year, Jahr\ plur. san4ti.

10) they, sie

(fern.),

sangft y. N.Jtf.

sand

to

change,

andern;

also

in

u-ri

i-Sa-an-nu?
sanfi second, other, zweiter, cmderer] often with

ma: sanamma;

fern,

sanitu.

Sipatu wool, Wollc.

I 1

sapaku

to

pour out, ausgiessen (PN).

saplil lower, unterer.

saphinu
I

saparu
praet.

sipru

56^) below, unierhalb.

1 to send, to write, senden, schreiben

is

p u r.

message,

Sipri

Boischaft\

am el

(or

mar)

messenger, Bote.

naspartu order (sent by

Auftrag.

letter), (schriftlicher)

74
Siklu shekel, Sekel.

sukultu weight, value, Gewicht, Wert. Ideogr.

KI.LAL; KLLAL-BI

Saridu
Tasritu

aSaridu

q.

SukultaSu.

v.

(a r a h) the seventh

month, der

siebente

Monat.

sarru king, Konig.

sarrtitu reign, Regierung.

sussu sixty, sechzig\

sussan / 3

cf.

rabii.

sutummu
Sattu v.

(bit) storehouse, Speicher.

W.

tl
Tin tftru I 1 to

come back,

to repeat

doing some-

thing, zuruckkommen, etwas wiedertun.

II 1

to give back, zuruckgeben.

tahsitu

takalu
tilft

v.

DDH.

1 1 to trust, vertrauen', praet.

atk al (PN).

female breast, weibliche Brwt.

-ta-a-an a distributive ending, Distributivendung ;

cf.

tuppu

adi.

tablet,

tupsarru

document, Tafel, Urkunde.

scribe, Schreiber.

PJ
3875
U6

Ungnad, Arthur
Selected business documents
of the Neo-Babylonian period

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SLIPS

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