SKEMA JAWAPAN

1.

a.

b.

i. molecules

1m

ii. PQ solid arrangement

RS liquid arrangement

1m
1m

iii. solid and liquid

1m

iv. heat energy is absorbed by the particles is equal to the heat used
to overcome the attraction force between the particles

1m
1m

i. correct label on axis

correct shape

1m
1m

ii. particles lose their kinetic energy

particles move slower
attraction force between the particles increase
total
a.

b.
c.

i. zinc and hydrochloric acid // any suitable reagents

1m

ii. anhydrous calcium chloride

1m

to burn excess hydrogen gas

1m

i.
mass, g
mole
ratio

A
0.64
0.01
1

O
0.16
0.01
1

1m
1m

empirical formula : AO

d.

1m

ii. AO + H2 A + H2O // CuO + H2 Cu + H2O

correct reactant and product
balanced equation

1m
1m

i. magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen

1m

ii. correct diagram

correct label

1m
1m
11 m

total

3.

a.

1m
1m max 2m
1m
10 m

i. sulphur is burnt in excess oxygen gas

1m

ii. S + O2 SO2
correct reactant and product
balanced equation

1m
1m

b.

- increase the acidity of water // decrease the pH value of water

- add lime into the water
- add limestone into the water

1m
1m max 2m
1m

c.

catalyst : iron powder

temperature : 4500 - 5500C
pressure : 200 atm

1m

d.

)
)
)

any one

ammonium sulphate
total

1m
7m

a)

The heat of displacement is the heat change when one mole of metal is
displaced from its salt solution by a more electropositive metal.

b)i)

Grey solid formed /

the colourless solution turns blue. // blue solution is produced

ii)

Silver atoms are formed /

copper(II) nitrate solution is formed // Cu 2+ ions are produced

c)
i)

Number of moles, Ag+ ions

= number of moles AgNO3 solution used
= (50 x 0.5)/1000
= 0.025 mol

1 mol of Ag+ ions reacts to release 105 kJ of heat

0.025 mol of Ag+ reacts to release
= (105 x 0.025)/1
= 2.625 kJ heat
The heat released in the experiment is 2 625 J.

Heat released in the experiment

= mc
= (heat released) / mc
= 2625 / (100 x 4.2)
= 6.25C

ii)

iii)

d)

energy

Cu + 2AgNO3 // Cu + 2Ag+
H = - 105 kJ mol-1
Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag // Cu2+ + 2Ag

Energy axis
Reactants: Cu + 2AgNO3 // Cu + 2Ag+
Products: Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag // Cu2+ + 2Ag
H = - 105 kJ mol-1
e)

5.

Number of moles AgNO3 = (50 x 1.0) / 1000 = 0.05 mol

When the concentration increases 2 folds,
the temperature increases 2 folds
a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

1
1
1
1
total 11m

2C3H6 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

correct reactant and product
balanced equation

1m
1m

i. oxidation reaction

1m

ii. acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution

1m

i. esterification

1m

ii. propyl propanoate

1m

iii. has a pleasant / sweet smell

1m

i. hydrogenation reaction

1m

ii. temperature : 1800C, nickel powder as catalyst

1m

correct structural formula

1m

CH3 H
|
|
C C
|
|
H
H n
total
6.

a.

i. nitric acid

11 m
1m

ii. lead(II) oxide

1m

cation : sodium ion // potassium ion // ammonium ion

anion : sulphate / carbonate ion

1m
1m

c.

i. double decomposition // precipitation reaction

ii. Pb2+ + SO42- PbSO4 // Pb2+ + CO32- PbCO3

1m
1m

d.

- dilute sulphuric acid is added

- followed by aqueous iron(II) sulphate solution
- concentrated sulphuric acid is added slowly
- a brown ring appears

1m
1m
1m
1m

e.

lead metal // lead(II) carbonate

total

1m
11 m

a)

K has one valence electron.

K is placed in Group 1
K has four shells filled with electrons.
K is placed in Period 4.

b)

An electron is transferred from atom K to atom Cl.

Atom K donates one electron to form a positive ion, K +.
Atom Cl receives one electron to form a negative ion, Cl -.
Both atoms K and Cl achieve a stable octet electron arrangement.
The electrostatic force of attraction pulls the positive ion and the
negative ion together.
An ionic compound KCl is formed.

c)

The sharing of electrons between atom Cl and C occurs.

Each atom Cl contributes an electron to be shared.
Atom C contributes 4 electrons to be shared.
Four atoms of Cl share electrons with one atom of C.
Atom Cl and C achieve a stable octet electron arrangement.
A covalent compound CCl4 is formed.

d)

Covalent compound consists only of molecules.

Covalent compounds have no freely moving ions
Ionic compounds have freely moving ions
in molten or aqueous state

total 20m

8.

a.

product : copper(II) ion // Cu2+ ions

half equation : Cu Cu2+ + 2e

b.

Cell A
is a voltaic cell
observation : zinc electrode becomes thinner
copper electrode becomes bigger / thicker
half equation : Zn Zn2+ + 2e
Cu2+ + 2e Cu

1m
1m

Cell B
is an electrolysis cell
observation : anode becomes thinner
cathode becomes bigger / thicker
half equation : anode : Cu Cu2+ + 2e
cathode : Cu2+ + 2e Cu
c.

1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m

Procedure
an iron spoon is cleaned using sand paper
the silver electrode is connected to anode
the iron spoon acts is connected to cathode
max 2m
aqueous silver nitrate solution is poured into a beaker
switch is switched on for 40 minutes with the current of 0.5 A
observations are recorded
Diagram
correct diagram
correct labels

1m
1m

Half equations
silver electrode : Ag Ag+ + e
iron spoon : Ag+ + e Ag

1m
1m

Observations
silver electrode becomes thinner
a layer of silver forms on the iron spoon

1m
1m

Safety precautions
low current is used
the iron spoon is always turned
total

1m
1m
20 m

9(a)(i)

9(a)(ii)

9(b)

Average rate of reaction

I : 40 /25 // 1.6 cm3 s-1
II : 40 / 15 // 2.67 cm3 s-1

1
1

Able to explain the difference using collision theory

1. The rate of reaction in experiment (II) is higher than
experiment (I)
2. The temperature in experiment (II) is higher than experiment
(I).
3. Kinetic energy of reacting particles in experiment (II) is higher
than experiment (I)
4. Frequency of collision between H+ and atom of metal P in
experiment (II) is higher.
5. Frequency of effective collision between particles in
experiment (II) is higher
6.
Able to state suitable example
1- Metal P : Magnesium/any suitable metal
2- Acid Q : Hydrochloric acid/ any suitable acid
Able to describe an experiment to show how temperature can affect
the rate of reaction.
3- Fill a basin with water
4- Fill a burette with water and invert it
5- Record the initial reading of the burette
6- Measure [20-200]cm3 of [0.1-2 moldm-3] acid Q using a
measuring cylinder and pour it into a conical flask
7- Add excess metal P
8- Record the burette reading at 30 s interval
9- Repeat step 3 8 using acid Q with higher temperature
[45oC].
10- Tabulation of data
Time (s)

3
0

6
0

9
0

12
0

15
0

18
0

1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Total Volume of gas

9(c)

Able to explain the process and state how temperature will affects
the rise of bread dough.
1- Production of carbon dioxide will cause the bread dough
rise
2- Yeast will produce enzyme which decompose glucose into
alcohol and carbon dioxide.
3- The higher the temperature the higher the rate of
production of carbon dioxide.
Total

1
1
1

3
20 m

10

a)

Acid A: strong acid hydrochloric acid / nitric acid / sulphuric acid.

Acid B: weak acid ethanoic acid / methanoic acid

1
1

HCl is a strong acid.

HCl has a high degree of ionization // HCl ionizes completely in water
This causes the high concentration of H+ // to produce high concentration
of H+ ions

1
1

CH3COOH is a weak acid.

CH3COOH has a low degree of ionization // CH3COOH ionizes partially
in water
This causes the low concentration of H+ // to produce low concentration of
H+ ions
b)

Suitable chemical

1
1

Procedure:
1) Measure [15 - 25] cm3 of [0.1 - 1.0] mol dm-3 of lead(II) nitrate
solution
2) Pour it into a beaker
3) [15 - 25] cm3 of [0.1 - 1.0] mol dm-3 of sodium sulphate solution is
added into the beaker
4) The mixture is then stirred with a glass rod.
5) Rinse the residue with distilled water
6) The precipitate is then filtered
7) The residue is dried by pressing between 2 filter papers
Balanced chemical equation:
Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 PbSO4 + 2NaNO3
c)

Neutralise the alkali with a weak acid such as ethanoic acid (vinegar) or
lemon juice.
After alkaline poison is neutralised, the pain will be lessened.
A weak acid (vinegar) should be used because a strong acid such as H 2SO4
will burn the skin.
Vinegar is less corosive and does not produce too much heat during
neutralisation.
total

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
max
6m
2
1
1
1
1
20