TEXTS OF TYPES

Instructive text
The instructional texts are the instructions that are present daily in our daily
lives, both at school and beyond. the very use of technological means
allowing us to follow instructions require the management of this type of
instructional texts intended to guide the procedures in detail, clearly and
precisely to perform some activity either simple or complex
An instructive text is a text that instructs or tells you how to do something:
A recipe wants to instruct you how to cook something.
A leaflet with a piece of furniture wants to tell you how to put it together
or take care of it.
Instructive texts:

are written as though the reader is being spoken to (although the word 'you' is not usually used)
language is direct and unnecessary words are left out
often use 'must' and 'must not'
sometimes use diagrams or pictures to help understanding

Example
1) Firts have on hand including a cell phone camera.
2) Light and wait for the screen aparescan completely.
3) Next step, enter the phone menu by pressing the button that directs a
menu.
4) Then with keys to select from one place to another, look at where you
find yourself in the camera, usually shows you a representation or picture
of the camera.
5) Finally press the selection once you have found the tool to use in this
case is the camera, locate the face or object to take. press the selection
key and go! the picture was taken.
NOTE: Do not worry if you think you do not save the photo, it is possible
to save automatically.
Narrative text

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Based on perception in time. Narration is the telling of a story; the

succession of events is given in chronological order. Is a story with
complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to
solve the problems.
Generic Structures of Narrative Text
1) Orientation: Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and
introduces the participants of the story: who and what is involved in the
story.
2) Complication: Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis
(climax) of the main participants.
3) Resolution: The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending
or in a sad (tragic) ending
4) Re-orientation/Coda: This is a closing remark to the story and it is
optional. It consists of a moral lesson, advice or teaching from the
writer
Generic Structure of Narrative
A narrative text consists of the following structure:
Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and
the place
Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have
to do with
Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or
worse
Language Features of Narrative
Using processes verbs
Using temporal conjunction
Using Simple Past Tense
Example

Snow White

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Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow

Orientation

White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her
parents were dead.

Complication
1

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow
White in the castle because they both wantedto go to America
and they didnt have enough money to takeSnow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this

Resolution 1

so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next

morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and
Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

Complication

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no oneanswered so

she went inside and fell asleep.

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from
work. They went inside. There they found Snow
Whitesleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs.
The dwarfs said, what is your name? Snow White said,My

Resolution 2

name is Snow White.

Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, If you wish, you may livehere
with us. Snow White said, Oh could I? Thank
you.Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story
andSnow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Descriptive text
Based on perception in space. Impressionistic of landscapes or persons are
often to be found in narratives such as novels or short stories.
Description is used in all forms of writing to create a vivid impression of a
person, place, object or event e.g. to:
describe a special place and explain why it is special
describe the most important person in your life.

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Descriptive writing is usually used to help a writer develop an aspect of their

work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so
that the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc.
Features
Description is a style of writing which can be useful for a variety of
purposes:
to engage a reader's attention
to create characters
to set a mood
Language
aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is
like
Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives
and adverbs.
Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to
the main purpose of the description.
Sensory description - what is heard, seen, smell, felt, tasted. Precise
use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the
mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
Strong development of the experience that "puts the reader there"
focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.
Example
Generic
Structure
Identificati
on
Description

Details
The text above is clearly about a specific place, Rome, an ancient City from
Italy.
First part which is described is Rome historical background. It was founded
in 753 BC. Second description is about Romes role in Renaissance age.
Then it is described through it famous architectural buildings. The last part
is about its role in modern age.

Informative text
An informative text is a text that wants to advise or tell you about
something.

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A newspaper article might give you information about a health issue like
giving up smoking.
A website might give you information about a movie, band or something
that you are interested in.
A handout from school might be advising you about what your child will be
doing during the next term.
Informative texts usually:
avoid repetition
contain facts
give information in a clear way
Example
Emergency plan in fires
Now we show you what to do if a fire occurs.

Before the fire

Check the wiring in your home.

Do not connect machines that have been wet and avoid wetting the plugs
and wiring.
Do not cover lamps, lights or appliances to fabrics.
If a gas leak exists, do not turn the lights ^ in the home, ventilate rooms,
and open quickly all doors and windows.
Keep away candles, matches, lighters and all kinds of flammable material
from children
When you travel, close the gas taps and switch off the energy

During the fire

Stay calm and try to WO calm down people
If the fire is small attempt, try to put ^ out with a fire extinguisher.
Call the fireman and follow their instructions.
Do not open doors or windows, because the fire spreads with the air.
Do not waste time searching for personal items.
To go out ^ a building use the stairs, do not use the elevator.
Upon fireman arrive tell them if there are people trapped inside
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 After the fire

Do not pass the area of the accident until the authorities determine it.
Call a technician to check the electrical and gas facilities, before
reconnecting the power and use the stove and heater.
Throughout food, drinks or medicines exposed to heat, smoke or fire

Exposition text
An exposition is a piece of text that presents one side of an issue. The
purpose of the exposition is to persuade the reader or listener by presenting
one side of an argument, that is , the case or the case against.
Structure
The three parts of an exposition are:

An introductory statement presents the writers point of view and

previews the arguments to be presented.
A series of arguments that aim to persuade the reader new paragraph
for each new argument. A topic sentence introduces the new argument.
A conclusion sums up arguments and reinforces writers point of view.

Exposition Scaffold

Introductory statement /thesis writers position/preview of arguments

Argument 1:
Argument 2:
Argument 3:
Recommendation/Reinforcement of thesis

Language features of an exposition

Emotive words that show feelings and attitudes Words that link cause and effect - otherwise, firstly, secondly, finally
You can use second person words like commands Generalizations broad statements to support ideas
Using arguments drawn from research, and statements of others to
support the point/s
Cause and effect words because, causes, stems from, consequently,
leads to
Linking words - in addition, also, moreover, as well

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 Powerful descriptive words sensational,

Example
Cigarette smokers are said to have chance of getting various fatal
diseases. But I think that other peoples tobacco smoke seems to increase
the chances of non-smokers getting a wide range of cancers.
First , although passive smokers inhale less tobacco smoke, the researchers
point out that the smoke they breathe in is richer in many toxic chemicals.
There is an example, three times as much as benzo-apyrene, six times as
much loluene and more than 50 times as much dimenthyl nitrosamine. Of
course these substances will harm our body in the long run.
Second , the recent research reported that the risk of getting cancers not
normally associated with smoking also rose among passive smokers. The
risk of leukaemia rose 6 8 times and the risk of cervical cancer increased
3 4 times.
Third , past studies have found that by product of cigarette smoke such as
coinine and thiocynate, turn up in the blood, urine and saliva of non
smoking adults, children and fetuses that have been exposed to smokers.
These substances are the main causes of various cancers.
In short , the effects of exposure to the cigarette smoking of others are
greater than has been previously suspected. That is why passive smokers
have more chances of contracting cancer than people with no such expose.

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Bibliography:
Ingles V Text Instructive. Consulted the 10 of October 2015.
http://florimorales.blogspot.mx/2010/09/text-instructive.html
Instructive text. Consulted the 10 of October 2015.
https://prezi.com/o7h_lgwtayta/instructive-text/
Instructive Text. Consulted the 10 of October 2015
http://espproffesor.pbworks.com/w/page/28837247/Instructive%20Text
Text: Narrative text type. . Consulted the 10 of October 2015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_types#Narrative_text_type
What is Narrative? Consulted the 10 of October 2015
http://duoulala.blogspot.mx/2013/07/narrative-text-definition-purposes.html
Descriptive text city of rome. Consulted the 10 of October 2015
http://freeenglishcourse.info/example-descriptive-text-city-of-rome/
Descriptive text type. Consulted the 10 of October 2015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_types#Descriptive_text_type
EasyWriting: Informative Texts. Consulted the 10 of October 2015
http://easywriting.wikispaces.com/INFORMATIVE+TEXTS
Features of an exposition: constructing an exposition. Consulted the 10 of
October 2015
https://misriyantosma6.wordpress.com/2009/09/27/exposition-text/
Exposition Text Type. Consulted the 10 of October 2015
http://sacsnet.sacs.nsw.edu.au/library/Texttypes/ttexposition.htm

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