Supervisors Checklist - What To Look For - July 2012 Relevant To SA

TRUSS INSTALLATION
Things to look out for on site .......

An item by item guideline to Site Supervisors checklist, as required
by Regulation 74, Development Regulations 2008, South Australia
By
Afzal Laphir
Engineering Manager
Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Part 2 Site Supervisors Checklist
Specimen Truss Layout

Item 1 Hip end framing

Loose timber or jack trusses

Item 2 Location of special loads

Solar heating, air con. HWS, other
Location of Special Loads should be
shown on the layout.
In the example on the right,
right trusses NG2,
NG2
M6 and NG1 have been designed to
support the solar tank/panels on the top
chord
And trusses NG1, NG2 , PCG1 and
PCG2 are designed to carry an a/c unit on
the bottom chord.

Item 3 bottom chord clear of nonnon-loadbearing walls

AS4440 ref: clause 2.2.2
Non-loadbearing walls, as designated, shall not carry any truss loading and shall not be packed to
touch the underside of trusses.
Note: One way to ensure a gap is maintained between the underside of trusses and top of nonnon
loadbearing wall is to set these walls at a lower level than the loadbearing walls. The
recommended difference in level is the ceiling batten depth (if any) plus minimum 10mm.
Note: Trusses are built with cambers to

allow for the initial deflection at the takeup of load and some creep as the timber
settles.
Thus, packing to the underside of a truss
over a non-loadbearing wall may stop
these deflections and in turn support the
truss in an incorrect position
A truss carrying a large load (eg: girder
trusses) may require more camber than
a standard truss.

Item 4 Internal support/tie

support/tie--down
Roof trusses that are internally supported would typically have a
Support Here label (as shown) attached to the bottom chord at the
internal support location
Internal supports are typically
shown on the layout like this
INTERNAL SUPPORT

Item 5 Fixing to top of bracing walls

Non-loadbearing bracing walls require special fixings
A pair of timber blocks or a pair of Pryda Shear
Connectors (PSC) may be used to transfer racking loads
from the ceiling diaphragm to non-load bearing bracing
walls.
Note: Pryda Hitch Brackets are not shown for clarity.

These are required at max. 1800mm c/c (see Item 6)
Table
T
bl 8.22
8 22 off AS1684.2:2010
AS1684 2 2010 provide
id additional
dditi
l details
d t il for
f
walls parallel and perpendicular to truss bottom chords.
Some bracing walls with high capacities may require
multiple pairs of these shear connectors. Read Prydas
I t ll ti
Installation
G id for
Guide
f
P f b i t d walls
Pre-fabricated
ll and
d Pryda
P d
Bracing for further details.
Note: It is the responsibility of the

wall frame supplier to provide
information on fixing to top of nonloadbearing bracing walls.

It
Item
5 Fixing
Fi i
to
t top
t
off bracing
b
i
walls
ll
use Pryda Shear Connectors (PSC)
Pryda Shear Connectors (PSC) are used to

transfer racking loads from the ceiling diaphragm to
non-load bearing bracing walls.
PSC are fixed to top of bracing walls and

can be used as a direct substitute for a
pair of nail fixed timber blocks as
specified AS1684.
These straps allow vertical movement of
trusses (to release creep deflection) and
ensures that truss camber dissipation is
uninhibited by over-driven nails
PSC are always used in pairs
3 NAILS
4 OR 5 NAILS
TRUSS PERPENDICULAR TO WALL
TRUSS PARALLEL TO WALL

Item
It
6 Fixing
Fi i
to
t nonnon-loadbearing
l db
i
walls
ll
Use of Pryda Hitch brackets to provide lateral restraint
Points to check:
Nail near top of slot
Dontt drive nail home
Don
Allow trusses to deflect
Fixed at not more than 1800mm c/c
Incorrect installation could

cause bending and buckling
of hitch bracket

Item 7 Truss locations/orientations

Truss spacings, spans, truncated girder stations
Obtain these information from the Truss Layout and from
truss detail sheets (if required).
To ensure correct truss orientation is

achieved on site, most truss detailers
would show the truss mark on the
layout at the same end as the marking
on the actual truss on site would be.
The installer should check with truss
manufacturer for confirmation.
confirmation
Truss orientation is particularly important for
trusses with internal support and those (eg:
girders) that appear to be symmetrical but
having timber or nailplates that are different at
the corresponding ends.

Item
It
7 Truss
T
locations/orientations
l
ti
/ i t ti
Example of how a fabricator would represent a truss where orientation
is critical
Where ends are marked as below (End A & End B), this information is
printed or stamped on the bottom chord of trusses that depends on
correct orientation on site.
site
The layout will also be labeled to show correct orientation.
Note: Fabricators will be providing these markings only on trusses where orientation
is critical. Below is a good example of a truss which appears to be symmetrical but
the nailplates arent.

Item 8 Truss bow
AS4440 ref: Fig 3.2 (L/200 max)

Trusses shall be erected with minimal bow, in the truss and in any
chord, with a tolerance not exceeding the lesser of L/50 and 50mm,
where L is the length
g of the member in q
question ((see illustration))

Item 9 Truss plumb
AS 4440 ref: Fig 3.3 (H/50 max)
Trusses shall be so erected that no

part of the truss is out of plumb with a
tolerance exceeding the lesser of
height/50 and 50mm

Item
It
10 Supplementary
S
l
t
timber
ti b
Scabs, noggings etc
Sometimes scabs, tee-stiffeners or waling plates are

required as part of the truss, and these are supplied as
supplementary timber to site with the truss pack.
The correct fixing of these members are provided by
the truss manufacturer.
Note: Supplementary noggings (min 70x35 F4 on

edge) may be supplied to site where plasterboard
is fixed directly to bottom chords.
At hip ends, these noggings to be fitted where the
bottom chords of the jacks and creepers do not
continue to run parallel to the main run of trusses.
trusses
In other areas, supplementary noggings to be
fitted between trusses where internal walls run
parallel to the common trusses
MARKING ON TRUSS
Here is an example of scabs being marked appropriately on the
truss and on the supplementary timber for easy recognition.
MARKING ON
SUPPLEMENTARY TIMBER

Item 11 Truss Tie

Tie--Down requirements
As given in the Truss Layout
Information on truss tie-downs is obtained from the

truss layout as shown.
The connector symbols are given alongside the
connector description and fixing details (see below)
Connector Symbols
are shown thus

Item 11 Truss Tie

Tie--Down requirements
Some typical tie-down connectors and fixing details
QHS6
4 nails
(wrapped round)
2 nails
4 nails
1/MG
4 nails per leg to

underside of top plate
2/MG
QHS6
(face fixed)
4 or 6 nails per leg to

as required

Item 12 Fixing of multi

multi--ply trusses
As per Prydas specifications
All members (chords and webs) of multi-ply trusses

must be laminated prior to loading. Information on
fixing requirement is provided in Prydas Technical
Update TU22
Fastener Specification:
Double Laminates:
2.80 dia x 65 nails for 2/35 thk
3.05 dia x 75 nails for 2/45 thk
Triple Laminates:
Same nail specification, but fixed
from both outer faces

Item
It
13 Top
T
chord
h d bracing
b
i
Layout of steel cross bracing
Top chord bracing as shown on the layout should be maintained

on site. Some girder trusses may require supplementary bracing
(see item 26)

Item 14 steel brace splice

AS4440 ref: Fig 4.20
Source: AS4440-2004

Item 15 Steel brace end

end--fixing at apex
Source: AS4440-2004

Item 16 Steel brace end

end--fixing at heel
AS4440 ref: Figs 4.22 and 4.23
Source: AS4440-2004

Item 17 Steel brace fixing at heel to girder truss

AS4440 ref: Figs 4.24
Source: AS4440
AS4440-2004
2004

Item 18 Steel brace fixing at cantilevers

Source: AS4440-2004

Item 19 Top chord restraints

AS4440 ref: Fig 4.1 spacing and fixing
Information on type and spacing of top chord
restraints are obtained from the Truss Layout, under
Truss Design Criteria as shown

Item
It
19 Top
T
chord
h d restraints
t i t
Continued ..
Timber Roof battens should be fixed and spliced adequately
No two splices shall be

adjacent on any truss
top chord
Roof tile battens should be made continuous at ends

and spliced in other areas such that no two splices are
adjacent and only 1 in 3 battens are spliced on any truss
top chord.
Accordingly
A
di l Pryda
P d rooff trusses
t
assume that
th t only
l alternative
lt
ti rooff
battens are considered effective for top chord restraints (i.e
restraint spacing = 700 mm) of trusses supporting concrete tiles.
For sheet steel roofs, everyy batten is assumed to be effective and
therefore is required to be spliced properly (see below)
Splice joints of timber roof battens supporting

sheet steel require special consideration,
consideration
treated as shown in the details below
Read
Prydas
Technical
Update TU12 for further
details on effectiveness of
roof battens

C ti
Continued
d ..
Trusses under scotch valleys need additional ties
Top chords of roof trusses that are located underneath scotch

valleys (or similar) must be provided with additional top chord
restraints.
These restraints should be maintained at same spacing as the
roof battens
Provide restraints at same spacing

p
g as roof
battens. (cross bracing not shown for clarity)


Top Hat Construction requires special consideration
Truss manufacturers may chose to form a truss

in two segments, Top Hat Construction, often
dictated by manufacturing or transportation
restrictions.
This form of construction requires special
consideration,, especially
p
y bracing
g and lateral
restraints for horizontal top chord of the lower
truss.
C ti
Continued
d ..

Item 20 Intermediate top chord ties

AS4440 ref: Fig 4.2 at valley trusses
Intermediate top chord ties at valleys are only required

if the valley truss spacing is greater than the design
top chord restraint spacing.
Accordingly, these additional ties will NOT be required
if the valley truss spacing is maintained as below:
Valley Trusses as top chord restraints

What is the preferred spacing?
-
For concrete tile roofs 600mm (standard

truss spacing)
For sheet roofs 900mm or standard roof

batten spacing

Item 21 Fixing of valley trusses

AS4440 ref: Fig 5.6

Item 22 Web Tie/Web brace
Using mid height ties, tee-stiffeners or Pryda Web Stiffeners
Web Bracing using Mid-Height Tie
Mid-height ties are only applicable

when a minimum three similarly
configured trusses are in a row
Truss layout should provide information on any web-tie

requirement (as shown above)
Otherwise alternatives like Teestiffeners or Pryda Web Stiffeners

should be used.

Item
It
22 Web
W b Ti
Tie/Web
/W b b
brace
Using mid height ties
MID-HEIGHT WEB TIE
Minimum 70 x 35 F5 Web Tie

fixed with 2/2.8
2/2 8 dia x 65 nails at
each crossing web
Continued ..
Item
It
22 Web
W b Ti
Tie/Web
/W b b
brace
Using Pryda Web Stiffeners or Tee stiffeners
Continued ..
PRYDA WEB STIFFENERS
Pryda Web Stiffeners (PWS) are specially designed so that they

could be installed in the factory and easily stacked and transported
without anyy inconvenience.
Using PWS also ensures that the site installer (builder) is not relied
upon for correct installation, giving peace of mind that the integrity
of the truss is maintained.
Timber Tee-stiffeners are used as an alternative to PWS, and
normally specified when mid-height ties become inapplicable.
TIMBER TEE STIFFENERS

Item 23 bottom chord restraints and bracing

AS4440 ref: fig 4.28
Information on type and spacing of bottom chord

restraints are obtained from the Truss Layout, under
Truss Design Criteria as shown
The adequacy of Direct Fixed

Plasterboard to function as bottom
chord restraints is now checked in
Pryda Build software, and all Pryda roof
trusses are designed accordingly.
For further information, read Prydas
p
TU32 or contact a
Technical Update
Pryda design office

Item 24 Truss to truss connections

Fixing to girder trusses
Information on truss to truss connections are also

obtained from the truss layout.

Item 24 Truss to truss connections
Continued ..
Examples of common truss boots
COMMON TRUSS BOOTS (fixed with either bolts or No.12 Type 17 screws)
Screw Fix Option:
Fix all screws prior to loading.

Use appropriate No. 12 Type 17 screws.
N d llonger screws ffor multi-laminated
Need
lti l i t d
trusses or a cluster of nails around truss
boot if 35mm screws are used.
Bolt Fix Option:
HEAVY DUTY TRUSS BOOTS (fixed with M16 bolts)
Fix all bolts prior to loading.

Use standard washers against timber face
face.

Item 25 Girder truss positions
In tthe
ee
example
a pe g
given
e here
eeg
girder
de ttruss
uss pos
positions
to sa
are
e
shown for the apex girder (SD1), mono girder (MG1)
and the truncated girder girder (TGG1).

Item 26 Girder truss restraints

Supplementary top chord restraints
End Fixing Detail to Truss

as per AS4440
IIn addition
dditi
t standard
to
t d d rooff bracing,
b i
sometimes
ti
supplementary
l
t
t
top
chord bracing is required for girder trusses. An example is given here.
Also refer Item 13
End Fixing Detail to Support

as per AS4440
Speedbrace
Cross Brace

Item 27 Overhangs
Eaves or verge details, timber or metal fascia

The basic information relating to Fascia and Eave types is
obtained from the truss layout, under Truss Design Criteria
Even if metal fascia is used, additional

timber member is required at hip
corners to support some creepers

Item 28 Waling plate fixing

AS4440 ref: Fig 5.5

Item 29 Connection to timber/steel beams

AS4440 ref: Fig 5.5

Item 30 Gable
Gable--end framing
AS4440 ref: Clause 6.2
Detailed information on Gable-End framing

may be obtained from Prydas Guide to
Gable-End framing

Item 31 Truss modifications/defects

AS4440 ref: Clause 3.9
Under no circumstances shall a truss be modified by cutting, drilling, or by

any other method that may interfere with its structural integrity, without
being approved.
approved
Approval must be obtained from the truss fabricator prior to carrying out
any modifications to trusses.
Need
Approval
Need
Approval

Item 32 Truss site suitability

Corrosive environments
Read Prydas Technical Update TU 30 for detailed information on corrosion.

Item 33 Advice on cornice fixings

AS4440 ref: Appendix B3

Item
It
34 Bearing
B
i
Widths
Width
AS4440 ref: Appendix B
The adequacy of bearing widths for timber trusses are checked by

the Pryda Build software, and these widths are usually obtained
from the Truss Detail Sheets.
Bearing Widths given here

Item 35 Steel roof battens
Must be legibly and durably marked with the reference AS 1397
Here is an example of a properly

marked steel roof batten,
batten with
reference to AS 1397.

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TRUSS INSTALLATION

Things to look out for on site .......

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Specimen Truss Layout

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 1 Hip end framing

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 2 Location of special loads

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 3 bottom chord clear of nonnon-loadbearing walls

Note: Trusses are built with cambers to

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 4 Internal support/tie

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 5 Fixing to top of bracing walls

Note: Pryda Hitch Brackets are not shown for clarity.

Note: It is the responsibility of the

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Pryda Shear Connectors (PSC) are used to

PSC are fixed to top of bracing walls and

PSC are always used in pairs

TRUSS PERPENDICULAR TO WALL

TRUSS PARALLEL TO WALL

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Incorrect installation could

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 7 Truss locations/orientations

To ensure correct truss orientation is

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 8 Truss bow

AS4440 ref: Fig 3.2 (L/200 max)

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 9 Truss plumb

AS 4440 ref: Fig 3.3 (H/50 max)

Trusses shall be so erected that no

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Sometimes scabs, tee-stiffeners or waling plates are

Note: Supplementary noggings (min 70x35 F4 on

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 11 Truss Tie

Information on truss tie-downs is obtained from the

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 11 Truss Tie

4 nails per leg to

4 or 6 nails per leg to

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 12 Fixing of multi

All members (chords and webs) of multi-ply trusses

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Top chord bracing as shown on the layout should be maintained

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 14 steel brace splice

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 15 Steel brace end

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 16 Steel brace end

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 17 Steel brace fixing at heel to girder truss

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing

Item 18 Steel brace fixing at cantilevers

Timber roof truss erection, fixing and bracing