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Stopping
SSD
The
Lag distance.
Braking distance.
Braking distance
The distance travelled by the vehicle after
the application of brakes.
Stopping
Braking distance
The distance travelled by the vehicle after
the application of brakes.
For a level road this is obtained by equating
the work done in stopping the vehicle and
the kinetic energy of the vehicle.
If F is the maximum frictional force
developed and the braking distance is l, then
work done against friction in stopping the
vehicle is Fl = fWl.
10
Where
f= frictional coefficient
W= the total weight of vehicle.
l = braking distance.
The kinetic energy at design speed is
1
1 2
2
mv =
v
2
2
Hence fWl=
Wv2
2
v2
l = 2gf
11
Here
l= braking distance, m
v= speed of vehicle , m/sec
f= design coefficient of friction = .4 to .35
depending upon the design speed.
g= acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/sec2
Therefore stopping sight distance= lag distance
+ braking distance.
ie SD , m = vt +
v2
2
12
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Ascending gradient
When there is an ascending gradient of say, +
n% the component of gravity adds to the
braking action.
The component of gravity acting parallel to
the surface which adds to the braking force
is equal to wsin = wtan = wn/100
Equating the kinetic energy to work done:
[fw
Wn
]
100
l=
1 Wv2
2 g
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2(+ )
100
15
Descending gradient
For descending gradient of n% the braking
distance increseases
Hence
[fw -
Wn
]
100
l=
1 Wv2
2 g
2( )
100
16
Stopping
SD,m=
[vt+
2( )
100
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