HOMEWORK REPORT No.

BLENDED VISCOSITY & VOLUME SHRINKAGE

1. The viscosities of a bitumen at 45oC and 115oC are 10.000 cSt and 100 cSt (refer to viscosity and
temperature relationship in the next slide), respectively and the viscosities of diluent at the same
temperatures 0.7 cSt and 0.4 cSt.
The bitumen and diluent are blended at 60% and 40% ratio. What is the viscosity correlation
of the blended fluid and the viscosity al 25oC?
The API gravity of the bitumen is 8.6oAPI and that of diluent 76oAPI.
Determine the volume shrinkage.
2.-

The exercise suggests that we have a blended fluid 60% bitumen, 40% diluent, with their viscosity
different temperatures. we are required to calculate the viscosity of the blended at 25 C and also
volume shrinkage. For this, we need the correlation of ASTM and determine the constants Ai and B
fluid, then calculate the constants Bb and Ab and then apply the ASME correlation and obtain the v
at 25oC. Finaly, we calculate the volume shrinhage with the correlation for temperature close to 15
this we need to calculate the density of each product and apply the appropriate formula, obtaining
requested.
DATA
Bitumen
Diluent
oAPI
8.60
76.0
oC
45.0
115
45.0
115
cSt
10000
100
0.700
0.400

FORMULAS
LIQUID VISCOSITY CORRELATION

CALCULATIONS
Log(+0,7)
4.000
2.003

BITUMEN
f:
g:

Log(Log(+0,7) Log(T+273)
0.602
2.502
0.302
2.589

0.0002680858
0.0002771926
1.4870574E-007
Log(+0,7)
0.146
0.041

DILUENT

Log(Log(+0,7) Log(T+273)
-0.835
2.502
-1.383
2.589

Bitumen
60
9.30
3.48

VISCOSITY BLENDED

9.30

Solve the system of the equations

f: 8.3742900E-006
g: 0.0008991242
8.0849437E-007

Qi
Ai
Bi
Qi
(Qi/Bi)
(Ai*Qi/Bi)
Bb
Ab

A
15.00

Solve the system of the equations

Diluent
40
15.00
6.33
100
23.579
255.361
4.241
10.830

148.306 cSt

VOLUMEN SHRINKAGE

API
BITUMEN
DILUENT
C=

SG
8.60
76.0
40 %

S=

0.820 %

S=

0.820 m3

1.010
0.682

d
(1/dl - 1/dH)
1009.99
0.000476
681.93

NKAGE

0 cSt (refer to viscosity and

es of diluent at the same

he viscosity correlation

diluent, with their viscosity data at

blended at 25 C and also the
ine the constants Ai and Bi for each
orrelation and obtain the viscosity
or temperature close to 15 oC, for
ropriate formula, obtaining

B
3.48

B
6.33

Homework 2: Gas Pipeline Base Design

A natural gas pipeline, 374km long from Guayaquil to
Quito, is constructed of NPS 30, 0.375 wall thickness
pipe. The pipe roughness is assumed to be 700 in., and
the base pressure and temperature are 101.325kPa and
15oC, respectively.
The initial gas flow rate is 20 million cubic meters
(MM m3) at the base conditions, and the delivery
pressure required at Quito is 4,000kPag.
Determine the specific gravity, Z-factor, viscosity, and
heating value at the delivery pressure and base
temperature.
The gas composition and other data are given in the
next slide.

A pipeline company operates a 20 liquid pipeline,

transporting 19oAPI crude. The pipe length is 270km and
pipe wall thickness 0.25. The detailed pipeline profile is
given in the next slide:
Required data
Hourly flow rate: 700m3/hr
Poissons ratio: 0.3
Youngs modulus: 2.2x108kPa
Pipe grade: X56
Heavy crude bulk modulus: 1.5x106kPa
Homework 3 (2 Pts): Pump Trip
Pump Station 2 was tripped, and 30 seconds later a
second pump at Pump Station 1 started. Describe
transient behaviors in the pipeline semi-quantitatively:
List reasonable assumptions to answer the following questions.
Calculate the acoustic speed and potential surge.
Describe pressure behaviors between Pump Station 1 and
Station 2.
Describe pressure wave behaviors downstream of Station 2.
What action should the operator take in order to avoid
vaporization in the pipeline?
Is there any danger of over-pressuring the pipe? If so, why?