2015

  


TRANSICIONES POLTICAS E IDEOLOGICAS DE BRASIL, GRECIA 

TAIWN

| San Jan d s Las, Jaisc

Y luego qu?
 oe ol e eolg e  l  e  
Introduccin
En a *+sn, ac-.idad s *+sn,an as ,+ansicins */-cas  id0icas d s *a/ss d
B+asi, G+cia y Taiwn. S ms,+an as dic,ad+as, s .ci0n y s ca/da cn s sbscn,
,+ansici0n a a dmc+acia. S dssa b+.mn, a his,+ia d,+s d ,as dic,ad+as y s
*+bmas  *+sn,a+n *a+a s cidadans .i.i+ n ,as +/mns.
8Las casas ms im*+,an,s d a in,+.nci0n mii,a+ n */-ca, n sn mii,a+s sin */-cas,
y +9:an, n as ca+ac,+/s-cas scias y d +anizaci0n d s,abcimin, mii,a+, sin a
s,+c,+a */-ca  ins-,cina <=> sn s0 na mani?s,aci0n s*c/@ca d n ?n0mn ms
am*i d as scidads dsa++adasA a *i-zaci0n n+a d as ?+zas  ins-,cins
scias. En s,as scidads a */-ca ca+c d a,nm/a, cm*:idad, ch+ncia y
ada*,abiidadB, Cn-n,n <1DD1>.
Transicin brasilea
B+asi a di?+ncia d A+n-na, ns cmn,a Js
Na,asn, dnd 8a dic,ad+a cmbin0 na
+*+si0n sa.a: cn s *+im+s *ass d a +?+ma nib+a, s mii,a+s b+asis
+s*,a+n s inamin,s bsics d md dsa++is,a cns,+id *+ Va+as dsd 1D30B
Na,ansn Js
<2010>; *+ s *a+, P+y Ci*+ian in s Sbsc+,a+i d P+mci0n y D?nsa
d s D+chs Cmans d a Sc+,a+ia Es*cia d s D+chs Cmans, B+asi; ns
mncinaA 8G,i Va+as s+ d a R.ci0n d 1D30. E+a n cadi ?+,, ach, *ad+
d s *b+, cn  a*y d s sindica,s. Basaba s acci0n n a Ca+,a d T+aba: d I,aia, d
?ascism. En s *+/d d G,i :+ci0 na dmc+acia cn ci+,a *a+-ci*aci0n d *bB.
Cay  mncina+  Va+as b+n0 has,a 1D45 y s n 1D64  scd  * mii,a+ y
cm  mism P+y Ci*+ian saaA 8 * mii,a+ ,.  a*y d a-?ndis,as, +ands
m*+sa+is, m-nacinas, bna *a+, d a cas mdia, a isia ca,0ica y +an *a+, d
s mdis d cmnicaci0nB P+y, Ci*+ian <1D86>; +s,and cm dic,ad+  n+a Cas,
B+anc. La Cns-,ci0n d B+asi da ss*ndida d+an, a dic,ad+a y s +m*azada n a
*+c-ca *+ Ac,s Ins-,cinas cn ?+za d y, dic,ads *+ as ?+zas A+madas.
B+asi *as0 21 as d dic,ad+a, hab/a ccins cada ca,+ as y n+as iban y .n/an. E
bi+n mii,a+ b+asi s ca+ac,+iz0 cm  a*n,a Ci*+ian P+y 8*+ dis.+ s *a+-ds
*/-cs y c+a+ ds *a+-dsA E A+na,  a*yaba a bi+n, y ,+ *a+-d  ,ambi
n 
a*yaba an  dis?+azadB, P+y, Ci*+ian <1D86>. Sb+ s, ,ma Js
Na,ansn sc+ib 
a dic,ad+a 8+ b+a+ a s*ina d+sa d sindicaism .ana+dis,a, {a ca} dsa*a+ci0
d scna ds*
s d *, a*as,0 +*idamn, a as +anizacins ++i+asB, Na,asn,
Js
<2010>.

8La dmc+acia n B+asi cmnz0 n 1D74 y dm+0 na d

cada n *+cama+ a n *+sidn,
ci.i y cinc as ms n i+ a n :? d Es,ad *+ ., di+c,B, Na,ansn, Js
<2010>. P+
,+ ad, n B+asi hb na amnisPa a ca ? .,ada  23 d as, d 1D7D; Ci*+ian P+y
? n *+s */-c d+an, mchs as y cy ,+aba: n *+ d s d+chs hmans n s
*a/s ns cmn,a  hb *+ss */-cs n B+asi has,a 1D80. P+ -m, saa+  sa
d
cada d s 80s *+sn, na ,nsi0n n,+  *-mism */-c y dsncan, cn0mic
m-.and y cminand cn  ,+in? d R+nand C+ d S a a *+sidncia d B+asi,
?
 in di s *ass hacia n n. md cn0mic.
Transicin griega
E sc+i,+ G. Cn,+is mncina n s b+a 8La dictadura militar en Grecia (1967-1974), A
8n G+cia a im*an,aci0n d a dic,ad+a ,. cm b:-. s,abc+ na ba+++a *a+a
im*di+ a x*ansi0n d cmnismB Cn,+is, G. <2003>, *. 172. As/ *s,  +
imn mii,a+
+i ,. na c+,a d+aci0n d ,an s0 7 as, y s +in s d+i.a d a si,aci0n d a
G++a R+/a. Es n ss as d 1D46 y 1D4D cand G+cia x*+imn, na ++a ci.i. Ds*
s
hay na dmc+acia 8incm*,aB cm  ama Us-s U+n-s y a +s*c, sc+ibA 8La
dmc+acia incm*,a d s as cincn,a y ssn,a n a G+cia d a *s,++a ci.i sn,0
as bass *a+a a ada d +
imn d s c+ns n 1D67B, U+n-s, Us-s <200D>. E sc+i,+
J. Sa+a.a saaA 8En G+cia  *+/d  .a dsd a ++a ci.i has,a a ca/da d a dic,ad+a
s ca+ac,+iz0 *+ n +an dinamism n a cnm/a, si,nds n na ?as d ?+,
c+cimin,B, Sa+a.a <1DD7>.
Rs*c, a a dic,ad+a +ia *a+a cns+.a+ y cnsida+ s *d+, s C+ns ,+a,a+n d
imina+ ,da ?+ma d *sici0n in,+na. Dsd  * d Es,ad, nm+ss */-cs,
*+inci*amn, a iz i+da, *+ ,ambi
n ib+as  sim*s d?ns+s d s d+chs
hmans, ?+n *+sids. Di.+ss bi+ns P,+s scdn *a+a s+ c++  a .ida
*/-ca cn-naba xis-nd y   *d+ n +a d,n,ad *+ s c+ns, sind n,+
s  *+inci*a /d+ G+is Pa*ad*s.
P+ ,+ ad, as dic,ad+as mii,a+s sim*+ a,+*an as a+anPas indi.idas, -ndn a
xiia+ a ss cn,+incan,s */-cs  sim*mn, s nca+can. Es, -m ?  
*adci+n s *a+-ds cmnis,as cm  mncina Us-s U+n-sA 8Ls *a+-ds cmnis,as
,.i+n n *+,anism cnsid+ab d+an, a ++a ci.i, s?+ind a ma+inaci0n d s
+/mns *s,+i+s y, a *sa+ d , sii+n sind s ms ac-.s *nn,s d dichs
+/mnsB, U+n-s, Us-s <200D>. P+ hay  saa+,  ? a :.n,d s,dian- a 
may+ *+,s,a .an,0, cm U+n-s mism  mncinaA 8 ms +.an,  dsa++ d a
c,+a d *+,s,a, n G+cia, m+i0 na n.a cn,+ac,+a :.ni cn ca+ac,+/s-cas an-s,ainis,as, .caba+i i++.+n,, *+c-cas */-cas a,+na-.as y ,ndncias ana+ is,as 
sa0  a* d a maci0n d s*/+i, an-a,+i,a+i d may d 68B, U+n-s
Uns,an-ns <2006>.

Ls di+c,+s d + s,a n  cambi d +mb, cm sc+ib N. Diamand+s, n s b+a

ranin t, and nlidan , emcrac lic in Greece, 1974-1983, n dice:
8Ua+amanis mimb+ d a cas */-ca d *+/d ib+a an,+i+ a *. S ?+ma d .a+
 *+cs d +?+maA di0 as ,nsins ms +a.s, .i,0  *an,amin, d s *+bmas
d +s*nsabiidads *+  *+cdimin, d +mi-+s a a :s-cia +dina+ia. E *+cs ?
bas,an, c+,, a*nas d+0 142 d/asB, Diamand+s, N. <1D84>. *.50. Adms U+n-s aadA
8En  cas +i, a man+a mdian, a ca s mii,a+s n,+a+n  *d+ a Ua+amanis,
?+n *+,anizads *+ ?+zas cns+.ad+as  ,n/an ./ncs cn s +/mns */-cs
an,+i+sB Us-s, U+n-s <200D>. A / hay  dci+,  ds*
s d +cibi+  bi+n
Ua+amanis aiz0  Pa+-d Cmnis,a <UUE>, cncdi0 na WamnisPa n+a a as ?nsas
*/-cas c++idas ba: a dic,ad+aX y s a*+s+0 a +ins,aa+ as ib+,ads ?ndamn,as,
cm  mism U+n-s Us-s  saa. G+cia s  nic *a/s d a
*ca cn na dic,ad+a
dnd s cndn0 a s cabcias d * a cadna *+*,a. P+ -m, dci+  a ,+ansici0n
ms,+a s,a+ n cn-n *+cs *+ sidi@ca+s, y ms a .+ a c+isis cn0mica ac,a d
G+cia.
Transicin Taiwanesa
Taiwn s na isa caizada a 161 km d s+s, d a cs,a China. S nmb+ @cia s R*bica
d China, n cn?ndi+a cn a China cn-nn,a. P+ sis Taiwn ha sid b+nada *+im+
*+ a China im*+ia, ds*
s *+ s :a*nss y ms +cin, *+  Pa+-d Nacinais,a
<Umin,an UST>  s .i+n ?+zads a +?ia+s n 1D4D ,+as 
xi, d a +.ci0n
cmnis,a china.
En Taiwn, ,+as na ,+ansici0n d 10 as  bdc ms bin cm  mncina And+
s
C+++a cn cab+aci0n d n-Tin L n s sc+i, $ai%&n, cam'i (l)c e idendad
nacinal, -8E im*ac, d c+cimin, cn0mic n a ,+ans?+maci0n d s sc,+s scias
aydan a n,nd+ a ,+ansici0n a a dmc+acia y s cnsidaci0n n TaiwnB, y s   +
imn
a,c+-c d Chian Chin-U <hi: d Chian Uai-shk>, /d+ d Pa+-d Nacinais,a, inicia a
,+ans?+maci0n ,aiwansa n 1D86. Es,a ,+ans?+maci0n s .0 ,+s d
cadas d md+nizaci0n
dnd a*a+c cm dis?ncina  a,+i,a+ism.
8E mb+a d inici d a ,+ansici0n s a aizaci0n d Pa+-d Dm0c+a,a P++sis,a n 1D86
y a iminaci0n Sa+cia a a siin,. A a m+, d Chian Chin-U n 1D88  scd L
Tn-Ci, mimb+ d Umin,anB, cmn,an n-Tin y And+
s C+++a n s nsay. P+ 
*n, d a++ib d a ,+ansici0n s+ a ins,a+aci0n d a dmc+acia cn cci0n di+c,a d
*+sidn, n 1DD6. Adms, siind  c+i,+i d Cn-n,n, 8Taiwn *as d a ?as d
ins,a+aci0n a a cnsidaci0n d a dmc+acia n 2008, cand s *+d: a snda
a,+nancia */-caB.
P+ -m, mncina+  as +acins n,+ China cn-nn,a y Taiwn sim*+ han s?+id
+/s*idas y na d ,nsins. P+ n 2010, n mdi d a c+isis cn0mica mndia, ssc+ibi+n
8 Ac+d Sa+c d C*+aci0n Ecn0micaB,  s n .+dad+ ,+a,ad d ib+ cm+ci
n,+ a isa y  cn-nn,.

Conclusiones
Es,a ac-.idad d in.s-aci0n sb+ as ,+ansicins */-cas m ha ms,+ad c0m s +iinan
as dic,ad+as y ,ambi
n c0m can. Es in,+san,  ds*
s d a Snda G++a Sndia
hb na x*si0n n *s d Es,ad y casi ,das ba: n mism ,ma 8d,n+  a.anc
cmnis,aB; na ca+ac,+/s-ca d s,as ,+s dic,ad+as s,diadas s  ss ca/das ?+n n
.in,as  sa cnsnsas; *+ :m*, n  cas b+asi y +i ? *+ a *+si0n **a+,
y n  cas ,aiwan
s ? *+ a *+si0n in,+nacina y *+  s,aba ya cadca dad 
dsa++ cn0mic d Taiwn.    s *d bs+.a+, s  as dic,ad+as scmbn
an, a :.n,d y sb+ ,d an, na scidad ms c+/-ca. P+ -m, mncina+  s,a
ac-.idad m ha d:ad n +an a*+ndiza: n ma,+ia d ,+ansicins a a dmc+acia.
Referencias
P+y, Ci*+ian <1D86>. aad autritari y demcracia en Brail.
Rc*+ad  1 d c,b+ d 2015, d si-A
www.bs+.a,+im+cs+.+.y/ib+/*asad_a,+i,a+i_y_dmc+acia_n_b+asi_22.*h*
Na,ansn, Js
<2010>. La tre tranicine de Brail.
Rc*+ad  1 d c,b+ d 2015, d si-A
www.*aina12.cm.a+/dia+i/mnd/sbn,as/134306-4D582-2010-10-04.h,m
U+n-s, Us-s <200D>. La tranicine demcr&ca -rie-a y e(a.la en retr(ec/a.
Rc*+ad  1 d c,b+ d 2015, d si-A
h\*A//i?c.d*z.s/+c+ss/*bicacins/30/DD/11k+n-s.*d?
G0mz, Ana B
n <2011>. La lle-ada de la demcracia al Mediterr&ne: la tranicine de
rtu-al, Grecia y E(a.a.
Rc*+ad  2 d c,b+ d 2015, d si-A
S+c+y.,hz.ch/s+.icnin/Ris/ISN/136328/=64c6=/1.*d?
C+++a, And+
s; L, -Tin <s/?>. ai%&n, cam'i (l)c e idendad nacinal.
Rc*+ad  2 d c,b+ d 2015, d si-A
www.*i-ca-china.+/imxd/n-cias/dc/1348522578:ixi_zhn5.*d?