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CBSEProjectsChemistry,C++,Physics,Maths,Biology,IP,DisasterManagement

ThisistocertifythatthisprojectworkissubmittedbyANURAGAGARWALtotheChemistry
department,AdityaBirlaPublicSchool,Kovayawascarriedoutbyhimundertheguidance&
supervisionduringacademicyear20082009.
PrincipalTeacher
Mrs.RajiJayaprasadMr.B.D.KOTWANI
AdityaBirlapublicSchool(Headofchemistrydept.)
Kovaya
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Acknowledgement
IwishtoexpressmydeepgratitudeandsincerethankstoPrincipal,Mrs.RajiJayaprasad,AdityaBirla
publicschool,kovayaforherencouragementandforallthefacilitiesthatsheprovidedforthisproject
work.IsincerelyappreciatethismagnanimitybytakingmeintoherfoldforwhichIshallremain
indebtedtoher.
IextendmyheartythankstoMr.B.D.KOTWANI,chemistryHOD,whoguidedmetothesuccessful
completionofthisproject.Itakethisopportunitytoexpressmydeepsenseofgratitudeforhisinvaluable
guidance,constantencouragement,constructivecomments,sympatheticattitudeandimmense
motivation,whichhassustainedmyeffortsatallstagesofthisprojectwork.IamalsothankfultoMr.
PankajBajpaiwhohashelpedineachstepofmyprojectwork.
Icantforgettooffermysincerethankstomyclassmateswhohelpedmetocarryoutthisprojectwork
successfully&fortheirvaluableadvice&support,whichIreceivedfromthemtimetotime.
ANURAGAGARWAL.
DECLARATION
Declaration
Idoherebydeclarethatthisprojectworkhasbeenoriginallycarriedundertheguidanceandsupervision
ofMr.B.D.KOTWANI,headofchemistrydepartment,AdityaBirlaPublicSchool,Kovaya.
ANURAGAGARWAL.
RollNO.
INDEX
Index
1)Certificate(ii)
2)Acknowledgement(iii)
3)Declaration(iv)
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4)Dedication(vi)
5)Introduction07
6)Aim10
7)Requirements10
8)Theory11
9)Reactions12
10)Procedure13
11)Observations15
12)Result15
13)Bibliography16
DEDICATION
Dedication
IDEDICATETHISPROJECTWORKTOTHELOTUSFEETOF
MYFATHER
MR.K.M.AGARWAL
&
MYMOTHER
MRS.RAMAAGARWAL
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Aluminiumbecauseofitslowdensity,hightensilestrengthandresistancetocorrosioniswidelyusedfor
themanufactureofaeroplanes,automobileslawnfurnitureaswellasforaluminiumcans.Beinggood
conductorofelectricityitisusedfortransmissionofelectricity.Aluminiumisalsousedformaking
utensils.Therecyclingofaluminiumcansandotheraluminiumproductsisaverypositivecontributionto
savingournaturalresources.Mostoftherecycledaluminiumismeltedandrecastintootheraluminium
metalproductsorusedintheproductionofvariousaluminiumcompounds,themostcommonofwhich
arethealums.Alumsaredoublesulphateshavinggeneralformula
X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O
X=MonovalentcationM=Trivalentcation
Someimportantalumandtheirnamesaregivenbelow:
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K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2OPotashAlum
Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2OSodaAlum
Introduction
K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2OChromeAlum
(NH)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2OFerricAlum
Potashalumisusedinpapermaking,infireextinguishers,infoodstuffsandinpurificationofwatersoda
alumusedinbakingpowdersandchromealumisusedintanningleatherandwaterproofingfabrics.
Inadditiontotheseprimaryuses,alumisalsousedas
1. Anastringentasubstanceorpreparationthatdrawstogetherorconstrictsbodytissuesandis
effectiveinstoppingtheflowofbloodorothersecretions.Alumhasalsobeenusedby
conventionalhairdressersfortreatingshavingcuts,
1. Amordantsubstancesusedindyeingtofixcertaindyesoncloth.Eitherthemordant(ifitis
colloidal)oracolloidproducedbythemordantadherestothefiber,attractingandfixingthe
colloidalmordantdye.Theinsoluble,coloredprecipitatethatisformediscalledalake.Alumisa
basicmordantusedforfixingaciddyes.
Introduction
1. Fortheremovalofphosphatefromnaturalandwastewatersthealuminiumionsofalum
combinewiththeorthophosphatearoundpH6toformthesolidaluminumhydroxyphosphate
whichisprecipitatedand
1. ForfireproofingfabricsThemajorusesofalumsarebasedontwoimportantproperties,namely
precipitationofAl(OH)3andthoserelatedtotheaciditycreatedbytheproductionofhydrogen
ions.
Al(H2O)6+3Al(OH)3+3H2O+3H+
TheH+ ionsgeneratedareusedfoereactingwithsodiumbicarbonatetoreleaseCO2.Thispropertyis
madeuseofinbakingpowderandCO2fireextinguishers.
AIM
Aim
Topreparepotashalumfromaluminiumscrap
REQUIREMENT
Requirement
v250mlflask
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vFunnel
vBeaker
vScrapaluminiumorcolacan
vPotassiumhydroxidesolution(KOH)
v6MSulphuricAcid(H2SO4)
vWaterBath
vEthanol
THEORY
Theory
AluminummetalistreatedwithhotaqueousKOHsolution.Aluminiumdissolvesaspotassium
aluminate,KAl(OH)4,salt.
2Al(s)+2KOH(aq)+6H2O(l)2KAl(OH)4(aq)+3H2
Potassiumaluminatesolutionontreatmentwithdil.SulphuricacidfirstgivesprecipitateAl(OH)3,which
dissolvesonadditionofsmallexcessofH2SO4andheating.
2KOH(aq)+H2SO4(aq)2Al(OH)3(s)+K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)
2Al(OH)3(s)+3H2SO4(aq)Al2(SO4)3(aq)+6H2O(l)
Theresultingsolutionisconcentratedtonearsaturationandcooled.Oncoolingcrystalsofpotashalum
crystallizeout.
K2SO4(aq)+Al2(SO4)3(aq)+24H2O(l)K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O(s)
REACTIONS
Reactions
2Al(s)+2KOH(aq)+6H2O(l)2KAl(OH)4(aq)+3H2
K2SO4(aq)+Al2(SO4)3(aq)+24H2O(l)K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
24H2O(s)
2Al(OH)3(s)+3H2SO4(aq)Al2(SO4)3(aq)+6H2O(l)
2KOH(aq)+H2SO4(aq)2Al(OH)3(s)+K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)
K2SO4(aq)+Al2(SO4)3(aq)+24H2O(l)K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.
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24H2O(s)
PROCEDURE
Procedure
Cleanasmallpieceofscrapaluminiumwithsteelwoolandcutitintoverysmallpieces.
Aluminiumfoilmaybetakeninsteadofscrapaluminium.
Putthesmallpiecesofscrapaluminiumoraluminiumfoil(about1.00g)intoaconicalflaskand
addabout50mlof4MKOHsolutiontodissolvethealuminium.
Theflaskmaybeheatedgentlyinordertofacilitatedissolution.Sinceduringthisstephydrogen
gasisevolvedthisstepmustbedoneinawellventilatedarea.
Continueheatinguntilallofthealuminiumreacts.
Filterthesolutiontoremoveanyinsolubleimpuritiesandreducethevolumetoabout25mlby
heating.
Allowthefiltratetocool.Nowaddslowly6MH2SO4untilinsolubleAl(OH)3justformsinthe
solution.
Procedure
GentlyheatthemixtureuntiltheAl(OH)3precipitatedissolves.
Cooltheresultingsolutioninanicebathforabout30minuteswherebyalumcrystalsshould
separateout.Forbetterresultsthesolutionmaybeleftovernightforcrystallizationtocontinue.
Incasecrystalsdonotformthesolutionmaybefurtherconcentratedandcooledagain.
Filterthecrystalsfromthesolutionusingvacuumpump,washthecrystalswith50/50ethanol
watermixture.
Continueapplyingthevacuumuntilthecrystalsappeardry.
Determinethemassofalumcrystals.
OBSERVATION
Observation
Massofaluminiummetal=.g
Massofpotashalum=.g
Theoreticalyieldofpotashalum=g
Percentyield=%
RESULT
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Result
Potashalumof%yieldwaspreparedfromaluminiumscrap.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
viCBSE.com
vWikipedia,
vChemicalland.com
vbooks.google.co.in
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