Homework assigment:

Chapter Problems

1, 11, inst (x3)

2, 5, 7, 9, inst (x1)

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The College at Brockport, SUNY CHM 414: Instrumental Methods II Dr. M. Brown
Chapter 1 Homework (rev. 8/2014)

Chapter 1- Instructor Problems

Chapter 1Question 1-1:

What is a transducer in an analytical instrument?

The term transducer refers specifically to those devices that convert information in nonelectrical domains
to information in electrical domains and the converse.
Examples include photodiodes, photomultipliers, and other electronic photodetectors that produce current
or voltage proportional to the radiant power of electromagnetic radiation that falls on their surfaces. Other
examples include thermistors, strain gauges, and Hall effect (magnetic-lield strength) transducers. As
suggested previously.

Question 11:
Exactly 5.00-mL aliquots of a solution containing phenobarbital were measured
into 50.00-mL volumetric flasks and made basic with KOH. The following volumes
of a standard solution of phenobarbital containing 2.000 g/mL of phenoharhital
were then introduced into each flask and the mixture was diluted to
volume; 0.000, 0.500, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mL. The fluorescence of each of these
solutions was measured with a fluorometer, which gave values of 3.26, 4.80, 6.41,
8.02, and 9.56, respectively.
(a) Plot the data.
*(b) Using the plot from (a), calculate the concentration of phenoharbital in the
unknown.
*(c) Derive a least-squares equation for the data.
*(d) Find the concentration of phenobarbital from the equation in (c).
(e) Calculate a standard deviation for the concentration obtained in (d).

a)

data
set

LINES
T

n
1

(Vs)
x
(mL)
0

(LS4x)
y
(Abs)
3.260

m
sm

2
3

0.5
1

4.8
6.41

4
5
6
7

1.5
2

8.02
9.56

Sxx=
5

2.5

N=
xintercep(m
L)=
[Xi](M)=
sc(M)

R2
F

3.164
0.016
0.999
9
38307

3.246
0.02
0.025
56
3

Ssreg

25

b
sb
sy
df
ssresi
d

-1.03
0.410
0.004
4
10.000
9.000

f(x) = 3.16x + 3.25

R = 1

8.000
7.000
6.000
5.000

fluorescence

4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
-2

-1

0.000

Volume of Standard added (mL)

B) The equation y = 3.164x + 3.246 combined with the value 5 ml of unknown

solution( Vx = 5 ml) that containing phenobarbital and signal of the original standard
concentration [Si]= 2.000 g/mL we can obtain the concentration of phenoharbital
in the unknown that is [Xi](M)= 0.410 g/mL.
C) y = 3.164x + 3.246
D) [Xi](M)= 0.410
e) Standard deviation = 0.041 0.044
1. List three output transducers found in your home and describe how they are used.
-

My computer laptop screen

My cellphone screen
My television
All of those output transducers listed above work transforming electrical information( electrical
domain) into non-electrical information( non-electrical domain). This transformation occurs since
those device work with electrical information and we are able to see images on the screen after
they converts the electrical information into non-electrical information.

2. To correct for matrix effects the following procedure was performed to analyze an unknown
sample for Fe2+ content. The unknown sample when analyzed by flame atomic absorption
had an absorbance of 0.242. Then 1.00 mL of a standard solution containing 100.00 g mL -1
Fe2+ was mixed with 95.0 mL of the unknown sample. The mixture was then diluted to100.0
mL in a volumetric flask. The absorbance of this solution was 0.508. What is the original
concentration (g mL-1) of Fe2+ in the unknown sample?
-

[X]I = 0.870 g mL-1

Plus dilution factor: 0.870 . (100/95) = 0.915 g mL -1 of unknown compound

3. A least-squares analysis of calibration data for the determination of citric acid in fruit juice by
HPLC yielded the equation: S = 74.92 (ccitricacid) + 1701.70. The concentration (mg L-1) of citric acid
is denoted as ccitricacid and S represents the area of the chromatographic peak for citric acid. Use the
equation above and the following replicate data to calculate the (a) calibration sensitivity, (b)
analytical sensitivity, and the (c) detection limit.
Conc. Of citric
Number
Mean Value
Standard
acid
of Replicates
of S
Deviation
(mg L-1)
300.0
10
4.200 105
2.0 103

0.00

20

(a)

1.96 102

8.8 101