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Tissue
Introduction
It
is
widely
distributed
in
the
body
Consists
of
tissue
which
receives
stimuli
from
both
internal
and
external
environment
o Receptors
Receiver
of
various
forms
of
energy
Contains
intercommunicating
cells
known
as
neurons
Functions
1. It
plays
an
important
role
in
irritability
and
conductivity
2. Regulation
of
behavior
and
personality
3. Some
are
capable
of
transporting
and
secreting
hormones
Division
1. Somatic
portion
Derived
from
the
embryo
Responsible
for
voluntary
functions
2. Autonomic
portion
Has
an
independent
function
Controls
involuntary
actions
Neurons
Functional
unit
of
the
tissue
Usually
large
and
complex
in
shape
Surrounded
by
a
thin
plasma
membrane
called
as
nerve
cell
body
or
cyton
Found
in
the
gray
matter
of
the
CNS
o Nuclei
Cluster
or
aggregates
of
neurons
in
the
gray
matter
Contains
a
cell
body
(perikaryon)
and
extensions
(dendrons
and
axons)
o Synapses
Nervous
Tissue
1
Olibrian
P.
Mallari,
RMT,
IMT,
MLS(ASCPi),
CPT(IMET)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Contains
processes
projecting
from
each
end
of
the
fusiform
cell
body
Found
in
the
retina,
olfactory
epithelia,
and
cochlear
ganglia
Multipolar
neurons
Have
more
than
two
processes
but
only
one
axon
Stellate
or
star
shape
Includes
the
motor
nerve
cells
of
the
ventral
gray
matter,
and
motor
nuclei
of
the
brain
stem
Pyrimidal
neurons
Present
in
the
cerebral
cortex
Anaxonic
neurons
Small
cells
in
the
CNS
that
does
not
possess
an
axon
Contains
both
receptor
and
effector
regions
on
their
dendrites
Cytoplasmic
Organelles
1. Neurofibril
and
Microfibril
Slender,
interlacing
threads
It
courses
through
the
cytoplasm
of
the
perikaryon
from
one
dendrite
to
another
Formed
by
bundles
of
neuro-filaments
2.
Nissl
bodies
Chromophilic
substances
which
appears
in
the
cytoplasm
when
stained
with
aniline
dyes
(toluidine
blue,
thionin,
or
cresyl
violet)
Contains
rich
amounts
of
ribo-nucleoprotein,
and
RNA
in
the
ribosome
Found
in
the
perikaryon
and
in
the
proximal
parts
of
the
dendrites
2
Nervous
Tissue
Olibrian
P.
Mallari,
RMT,
IMT,
MLS(ASCPi),
CPT(IMET)
4.
5.
6.
7.
Present
in
al
nerve
cells
and
appears
as
network
of
irregular,
wavy
strands
that
are
coarser
than
the
network
of
neurofibrils;
responsible
for
protein
synthesis
Mitochondria
Numerous,
and
elongated
The
number
varies
from
cell
to
cell
and
in
different
parts
of
the
cell
Numerous
in
axon
endings
or
terminal
areas
and
in
the
region
of
the
nodes
of
Ranvier
Centrosome
Paired
with
centrioles,
present
only
in
young
neurons
It
does
not
have
a
function
(adult)
Lysosome
Located
near
the
Golgi
apparatus
Associated
with
hydrolysis
of
end
products
of
cellular
metabolism,
and
degradation
of
lipids
Nucleus
Large,
round
and
centrally
located
Has
a
single
prominent
nucleolus
Appears
pale
and
vesicular
(owls
eye
or
fish
eye)
o Barr
bodies
Found
in
the
female
Cytoplasmic Inclusions
Melanin,
lipid
droplet,
and
iron
in
the
substancia
nigra
of
the
midbrain,
globus
pallidus
of
the
nucleus
lentiformis
Lipofuschin
golden
brown
pigment
which
increases
with
advancing
age
Glycogen
granules
seen
only
in
embryonal
neurons
and
neuroglia
Vasopressin,
oxytocin,
and
neurophysior
are
found
in
the
neurosecretory
neurons
Refers
to
the
collection
of
nerve
cells
outside
the
gray
matter
(if
not
outside
the
gray
matter
the
aggregate
is
called
Nucleus)
Composed
of
nerve
cells,
nerve
fibers
and
supporting
areolar
connective
tissue
Each
ganglia
is
covered
by
a
capsule
with
a
single
layer
of
small
flattened
cells
termed
as
satellite
cells
Classifications
of
Ganglia
1.
Cerebrospinal
Ganglia
(Cranio-spinal
Ganglia)
1. Medullated
nerve
fiber
with
Neurolemma
Both
covering
of
myelin
sheath
and
neurilemma
Biggest
among
the
different
nerve
fibers
Made
up
of
a
central
core
of
neurofibril
which
originated
from
the
cell
body
(embedded
in
the
axoplasm)
Covered
by
a
thin
membrane
known
as
the
Axolemma
of
Kuhne
Nodes
of
Ranvier
(will
branch
the
collateral
a
right
angle)
o Internodal
Segment
Portion
in
between
two
successive
nodes
of
Ranvier
Appears
shorter
towards
the
end
of
a
nerve
due
to
the
diminution
of
the
neurofibril
o Schmidt
Lantermans
Lines
or
incisures
of
Schmidt
Black
staining
(Osmic
oxide)
Oblique
radial
lines
in
the
myelin
sheath
within
each
intermodal
segments
Neuro-keratin
framework
supporting
the
myelin
Myelin
segment
Between
two
Schmidts
Covered
by
nucleated
sheath
of
Schwann
o Sheath
of
Key
and
Retzius
or
the
Sheath
of
Henle
Delicate
fibrous
connective
tissue
sheath
outside
the
neurolemma
Carries
blood
vessels
to
the
individual
nerve
fibers
2. Medullated
nerve
fibers
without
Neurolemma
Found
only
in
the
white
matter
Composed
of
the
axis
cylinder
surrounded
by
the
axolemma
and
which
is
covered
by
the
myelin
sheath
Does
not
have
a
node
of
Ranvier
3. Non-medullated
nerve
fiber
Neurolemma
Contains
sympathetic
nerves
termed
as
Remak
fibers
Composed
of
the
axis
cylinder
surrounded
by
the
axolemma
and
which
is
covered
by
the
myelin
sheath
Does
not
have
a
node
of
Ranvier
The
Schwann
cell
membrane
envelopes
the
fibers
4. Non-medullated
nerve
fiber
without
neurolemma
Contains
only
an
axis
cylinder
without
any
covering
Found
in
the
cyto-proximal
and
cyto-distal
portions
of
all
nerve
fibers
Classification
of
Nerve
fibers
according
to
Diameter
1. Group
A
fibers
Large
fibers
(1-22um
in
diameter)
Can
conduct
15-100
meters
per
second
Includes
motor
and
sensory
fibers
2. Group
B
fibers
Fibers
(1-3um
in
diameter)
can
conduct
3-14
meters
per
second
Nervous
Tissue
5
Olibrian
P.
Mallari,
RMT,
IMT,
MLS(ASCPi),
CPT(IMET)
Detection
of
pain
g. Merkels
Discs
Found
in
hairless
skin
and
in
hair
follicles
An
aggregate
of
Merkel
discs
is
called
tactile
domes
h. Meissners
Corpuscles
Located
in
the
dermal
papillae
of
the
skin
(sole
and
palm),
and
nipples
of
the
breast
Very
sensitive
to
touch
i. Pacinian
Corpuscle
Resembles
a
sliced
onion
Sensitive
to
deformation
and
pressure
j. Golgi
Mazzoni
Corpuscle
Resembles
the
Pacinian
with
a
thin
lamella
capsule
k. Ruffinis
Corpuscle
External
Sources:
You
are
required
to
watch
the
video
clip,
by
simply
clicking
the
link
below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1bDqMpKa_g
Note:
The
coverage
of
your
exam
will
be
cover
to
cover,
however,
the
bulk
of
it
will
be
on
the
following
topics:
Nervous
Tissue
7
Olibrian
P.
Mallari,
RMT,
IMT,
MLS(ASCPi),
CPT(IMET)