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FABRICATION
Prof. V G Idichandy
Dept of Ocean Engineering
IIT Madras
Model materials
Metals
High accuracy
Satisfies most of the model requirements
Easily workable and available in various
shapes and forms
Aluminium or its alloys are preferred
Best material for hydrodynamic models, if
weight distribution can be satisfied
Plastics
Derived by chemical synthesis-contains carbon
compounds
Thermoplastics-becomes softer beyond glass
transition temperature-can be formed in to
complex shapes and geometries-retains shape
on cooling-a good mould is required-examples
are acrylic resins (perspex) and poly vinyl
chloride (pvc)-available in sheets, tubes, rodscan be machined and joined
Plastics
Thermosetting plastics-usually cast into
shape-accurate moulds are requiredphysical properties can be changes by
using suitable fillers-Epoxies are typical
examples.
Fiber reinforced plastics-used in making
very complex models
Plastics are viscoelastic materials. Care
must be taken in strain measurements
Wood
Ideally suited for shape models being
workable
Absorbs moisture
Wax coating or suitable epoxy coating is
used to prevent water ingression
Polyurethane Foam
Can be easily finished to the required
shape and sizes.
Available in slabs-can be machined like
any other material
When used in water it requires surface
treatment to prevent water ingression
No metallic fasteners
Final finishing by hand
Templates used to check final dimensions
Several coats of penetrating wood sealer
is used both inside and outside the model
Final finish using epoxy water-resistant
paint
Fiberglass models
Preparation of accurate mould
Fiberglass is applied on the mould by hand layup
Several layers of fiberglass may be required for
the required strength. Each layer is coated with
binder usually an epoxy
Mould is made by spraying polyurethane foam
to the prepared skeleton of templates
Excess form is removed till the edge of the
templates are visible
Plastic Models
By joining machined components
Joining is done by capillary welding or
using glues and adhesives
Plastic welding
Thermal forming of plastics
Drape moulding