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Introduction
Commercial manufacture of open web
steel joists began in 1923
The Steel Joist Institute was formed in
1928
The use of steel joists has continued to
grow year after year for both floors and
roofs.
Millions of steel joists and Joist Girders
are put in service each year.
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Windstorms
Building type commercial, industrial
Building shape low rise, rectangular
Roofing systems
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2,500
*
(1
90
0)
al
va
st
on
(1
92
8)
**
*
ke
ch
ob
ee
FL
/L
.O
Is
la
nd
s
SE
SC
/G
Se
a
na
(S
LA
,M
S)
*
(1
89
3)
**
**
*
*
**
(1
89
3)
**
1,500
1,323
1,250
K
at
ri
he
ni
er
e
(1
88
1)
LA
-C
A
/S
C
(1
93
5)
8,000
Hurricane Katrina
was the deadliest
hurricane to strike
the US since 1928
700
408
K
ey
s
FL
sl
an
d
-L
as
tI
LA
LA
,T
X
(1
90
9)
Is
le
A
ud
re
ySW
ra
nd
e
-G
LA
400
390
(1
95
7)
372
(1
85
6)
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
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2206.3 Calculations
2206.4 Steel joist drawings
2206.5 Certification
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()
()
DL + WL = 0.6Fy A g
1.65 (DL + WL ) = Fy A g
1.65 DL + 1.65 WL = Fy A g
Amplified DL resistance by 1.65 for uplift is not
desirable!
So,
()
()
DL + 1.65 WL = Fy A g
0.6 DL + WL = 0.6 Fy A g
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15 psf
11 psf
8'
120'
96 plf
60 plf
1460 lbs
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1228 lbs
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pnet = K zt Ipnet 30
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EFFECTIVE
WIND AREA
POSITIVE PRESSURES
(PSF)
NEGATIVE PRESSURES
(PSF)
ZONE
10 SF
5.3
5.3
5.3
-13.0
-21.8
-32.8
20 SF
5.0
5.0
5.0
-12.7
-19.5
-27.2
50 SF
4.5
4.5
4.5
-12.2
-16.4
-19.7
100 SF
4.2
4.2
4.2
-11.9
-14.1
-14.1
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M
F
e
F
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TOP CHORD
ANGLES
PULL PLATE
JOIST SEAT
ANGLES
JOIST SEAT
WELD
BUTT WELD
PROVIDED
BETWEEN ANGLES
3/4" BASEPLATE
9/
16"
DIA. HOLE
FOR A325N BOLT
( 4 PLACES)
FILLET WELDS PROVIDED
BETWEEN TOP CHORD TOE AND
SEAT ANGLE AND SEAT ANGLE
TOE AND TOP CHORD
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INSTRUMENTATION
TEST SPECIMEN
REACTION PLATE
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Failure Mechanism
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Load (kips)
6.0
Avg P1 & P2
5.0
Avg P4 & P7
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Displacement (in.)
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Yield Line
Perimeter
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Anchorage
Weld (typ.)
Yield Line
Formation (typ.)
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Yield Line
a
Pu/2
Ls
Lw
a
Plastic Hinge
a
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= External Work
= Predicted ultimate uplift load
= Distance which the load moves thru
Wi
Mp
= Internal Work
= Plastic moment capacity of plate,
per unit length = Fy Z
= Angle through which YL rotates
= Length of yield line, the lesser of
Lw + a and Ls
Wi = Mp (Lyl)
Lyl
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Thickness
t (in.)
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125
Fy
(ksi)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
0.156
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
Mp
(in.-k/in.)
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.195
0.195
a
(in.)
0.288
0.288
0.288
0.288
0.288
0.288
0.288
LYL
(in.)
1.903
2.403
2.903
3.403
3.903
4.903
5.903
Pn /
(kips)
1.55
1.96
2.36
2.77
3.18
3.99
4.80
Pweld
(kips)
3.71
5.57
7.42
9.28
11.14
14.85
18.56
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.304
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
0.359
2.127
2.627
3.127
3.627
4.127
5.127
6.127
2.16
2.67
3.18
3.68
4.06
5.21
6.09
4.63
6.95
9.27
11.58
13.90
18.53
23.16
LW
(in.)
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Thickness
t (in.)
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
0.188
Fy
(ksi)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
8
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
0.250
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
Mp
(in.-k/in.)
0.442
0.442
0.442
0.442
0.442
0.442
0.442
0.442
a
(in.)
0.432
0.432
0.432
0.432
0.432
0.432
0.432
0.432
LYL
(in.)
2.358
2.858
3.358
3.858
4.358
5.358
6.358
7.358
Pn /
(kips)
2.89
3.50
4.11
4.72
4.89
6.56
7.34
9.00
Pweld
(kips)
5.58
8.37
11.17
13.96
16.75
22.33
27.91
33.50
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.781
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.575
0.575
2.806
3.306
3.806
4.306
4.806
5.806
6.806
7.806
4.57
5.38
6.19
6.51
6.51
9.45
9.76
12.70
7.42
11.14
14.85
18.56
22.27
29.70
37.12
44.54
LW
(in.)
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Fy = 50 ksi
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Design Example
Building Location:
Near Orlando, FL in open terrain minimum slope / ft.
Topography: Homogenous
Exposure: Category C (Sections 6.5.6.2 and 6.5.6.3)
Building Framing and Layout:
Flat roof system consisting of steel joists, Joist Girders,
and structural roof deck. CMU walls on all four sides with
debris-resistant windows and door infill. Building has a
parapet height of less than 3-0 and is considered a
closed building.
Building Classification: Building Category II
Importance Factor = 1.0 (Table 6-1)
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Design Example
Dimensions:
Length, l = 121-4
Width, w = 80-0
Height, h = 20-0 above the ground
Roof slope is less than or equal to 5 degrees
Roof live load deflection is based on L/240
Design Roof Loads:
Dead Load, D
= 15.0 psf
Roof Live Load, Lr = 20.0 psf
Total Load
= 35.0 psf
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ORLANDO
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Design Example
Basic wind speed, from Figure 6-1b for Orlando,
Florida area V = 110 mph.
Design approach is based on the Simplified Procedure
(Method 1) for both Components and Cladding and Main
Wind Force System since the following conditions exist:
Simple diaphragm building (Section C6.2).
Building shape is basis and has a symmetrical
cross section in both directions and a flat roof.
There is no expansion joints in the building.
Its a low-rise building with a mean roof height, h
less than 60 ft. and does not exceed the least
horizontal dimension (Section 6.2).
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Design Example
Since the building has debris-resistant glazing and
has no dominant opening in any wall it can be
classified as a closed building. (Section 6.5.9.3).
Building has a regular shape.
Rigid building, where height/width,
w = 20 ft./80 ft. = 0.25 < 4 (Section C6.2).
The building is not subjected to the topographic
effects of Section 6.5.7
No torsional effects meets Note 5 of Figure 6-10.
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3-0
18 @ 2-0
17 @ 2-0
2-0
3-0
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8-0
84 plf
32-0
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3.55
Pc
=
= 5.90 ksi OK
A 0.601
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l b = 96 in.
lb
= 111.3
ry y
controls
l
24
=
= 81.4
rz 0.295
Fcr = 20.26 ksi
Fcr
10.62
= 12.16 ksi >
= 12.04 ksi OK
0.882
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Uplift Bridging
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7-0
3 @ 7-6
7-6
5-0
7-6
7-0
Design Data
Bottom Chord, 2 angles 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.137, A = 0.784 in.2
Pc = 10.62 kips
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lb
= 69.9
ry y
Fcr = 30.84 ksi
l
24
=
= 81.4
rz 0.295
controls
Fcr
10.62
= 18.47 ksi >
= 13.55 ksi
0.784
lb
= 104.85
ry y
Fcr
10.54
= 13.43 ksi >
= 13.44 ksi OK
0.784
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OK
51'
= 10.2' > 8'9" OK
4 +1
Note: The 51 ft. is the maximum spacing for
four rows of bridging and a No. 6 chord
from TABLE 5.4-1.
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3 @ 6.8 ft.
9.8 ft.
lb
= 123 < 145
ry y
9.8' < 10.2'
OK
OK
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Any Questions?
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