CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 NEWSPAPER
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news, other
informative articles (listed below), and usually advertising. A newspaper is
usually printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such
as newsprint. The news organizations that publish newspapers are
themselves often metonymically called newspapers. Most newspapers
now publish online as well as in print. The online versions are called online
newspapers or news sites.
Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are
also weekly, but they have a magazine format.
General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature
articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news
includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime,
severe weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and
technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing
and home fashion, and the arts. Typically the paper is divided into sections
for each of those major groupings. Most traditional papers also feature an
editorial page containing editorials written by an editor, op-ads written by
guest writers, and columns that express the personal opinions of columnists,
usually offering analysis and synthesis that attempts to translate the
raw data of the news into information telling the reader "what it all means"
and persuading them to concur.
A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. Besides the
aforementioned news and opinions, they include weather forecasts; criticism
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and reviews of the arts (including literature, film, television, theater, fine
arts, and architecture) and of local services such as restaurants; obituaries;
entertainment features such as crosswords, horoscopes, editorial
cartoons, gag cartoons, and comic strips; advice, food, and other columns;
and radio and television listings (program schedules).
Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses (such
as journalists' wages, printing costs, and distribution costs) with a mixture
of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue (other
businesses or individuals pay to place advertisements in the pages,
including display ads, classified ads, and their online equivalents). Some
newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded; their
reliance on advertising revenue and on profitability is less critical to their
survival. The editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject
to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government.
Many newspapers, besides employing journalists on their own payrolls, also
subscribe to news agencies (wire services) (such as the Associated
Press, Reuters, or Agence France-Presse), which employ journalists to find,
assemble, and report the news, then sell the content to the various
newspapers. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting.
Circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the
world selling 395 million print copies a day (in the U.S., 1,450 titles selling
55 million copies). The late 2000searly 2010s global recession, combined
with the rapid growth of free web-based alternatives, has helped cause a
decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers had to retrench
operations to increase profitability The decline in advertising revenues
affected both the print and online media as well as all other mediums; print
advertising was once lucrative but due to those economic downturns has
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suffered, and the prices of online advertising are often lower than those of
their print precursors but are not as effective. Besides remodeling
advertising, the internet also challenged the business models of the printonly era by democratizing and crowd sourcing both publishing in general
(sharing information with others) and, more specifically, journalism (the
work of finding, assembling, and reporting the news). In addition, the rise
of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from many online
newspapers and other sources, influences the flow of web traffic. However,
as more and more online newspapers go to pay walls, these sources should
begin to dwindle.

DEFINITION OF NEWSPAPER:
A newspaper typically meets four criteria:

Publicity: Its contents are reasonably accessible to the public.

Periodicity: It is published at regular intervals.

Currency: Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule

allows.

Universality: It covers a range of topics.

1.2 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER:

In Ancient Rome, Acta Diurna, or government announcement
bulletins, were produced. They were carved in metal or stone and
posted in public places.

 In China, early government-produced news sheets, called Dibao,

circulated among court officials during the late Han dynasty (second
and third centuries AD). Between 713 and 734, the Kaiyuan Za
Bao ("Bulletin of the Court") of the Chinese Tang Dynasty published
government news; it was handwritten on silk and read by government
officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published
newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.[5]
In Early modern Europe the increased cross-border interaction created
a rising need for information which was met by concise handwritten
newssheets, called avvisi. In 1556, the government of Venice first
published the monthly Notizie scritte, which cost one gazetta, a small
coin.[6] These avvisi were handwritten newsletters and used to convey
political, military, and economic news quickly and efficiently to
Italian cities (15001700)sharing some characteristics of
newspapers though usually not considered true newspapers.[7]
However, none of these publications fully met the classical criteria for
proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the
general public and restricted to a certain range of topics.

Industrial Revolution:
By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and South
America, published newspaper-type publications though not all of them
developed in the same way; content was vastly shaped by regional and
cultural preferences. Advances in printing technology related to
the Industrial Revolution enabled newspapers to become an even more
widely circulated means of communication. In 1814, The Times (London)
acquired a printing press capable of making 1,100 impressions per minute.

Soon, it was adapted to print on both sides of a page at once. This innovation
made newspapers cheaper and thus available to a larger part of the
population. In 1830, the first penny press newspaper came to the market:
Lynde M. Walter's Boston Transcript. Penny press papers cost about one
sixth the prices of other newspapers and appealed to a wider audience In
France, mile de Girardin started "La Presse" in 1836, introducing cheap,
advertising-supported dailies to France. In 1848, August Zang, an Austrian
who knew Girardin in Paris, returned to Vienna to introduce the same
methods with "Die Presse" (which was named for and frankly copied
Girardin's publication)

Categories:
While most newspapers are aimed at a broad spectrum of readers, usually
geographically defined, some focus on groups of readers defined more by
their interests than their location: for example, there are daily and weekly
business newspapers and sports newspapers. More specialists still are some
weekly newspapers, usually free and distributed within limited areas; these
may serve communities as specific as certain immigrant populations, or the
local gay community.

Frequency:
Daily:
A daily newspaper is issued every day, sometimes with the exception of
Sundays and occasionally Saturdays, and often of some national holidays.
Saturday and, where they exist, Sunday editions of daily newspapers tend to
be larger, include more specialized sections and advertising inserts, and cost
more. Typically, the majority of these newspapers' staff members work
Monday to Friday, so the Sunday and Monday editions largely depend on
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content done in advance or content that is syndicated. Most daily

newspapers are published in the morning. Afternoon or evening papers, once
common but now scarce, are aimed more at commuters and office workers.
Weekly and other:
Weekly newspapers are published once a week, and tend to be smaller than
daily papers. Some newspapers are published two or three times a week; in
the United States, such newspapers are generally called weeklies. Some
publications are published, for example, fortnightly.
Geographical scope and distribution
Local or regional:
A local newspaper serves a region such as a city, or part of a large city.
Almost every market has one or two newspapers that dominate the area.
Large metropolitan newspapers often have large distribution networks, and
can be found outside their normal area, sometimes widely, sometimes from
fewer sources.
National:
Most nations have at least one newspaper that circulates throughout the
whole country: a national newspaper. Some national newspapers, such
as The Financial Times and The Wall Street Journal, are specialized (in these
examples, on financial matters). There are many national newspapers in the
UK, but only few in the United States and Canada. In the United States, in
addition to national newspapers as such, The New York Times is available
throughout the country.

There is also a small group of newspapers which may be characterized

as international newspapers. Some, such as The International Herald
Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national
newspapers or "international editions" of national or large metropolitan
newspapers. In some cases articles that might not interest the wider range of
readers are omitted from international editions; in others, of interest
to expatriates, significant national news is retained.
As English became the international language of business and technology,
many newspapers formerly published only in non-English languages have
also developed English-language editions. In places as varied
as Jerusalem and Mumbai, newspapers are printed for a local and
international English-speaking public, and for tourists. The advent of the
Internet has also allowed non-English-language newspapers to put out a
scaled-down English version to give their newspaper a global outreach.
Similarly, in many countries with a large foreign-language-speaking
population or many tourists, newspapers in languages other than the national
language are both published locally and imported. For example, newspapers
and magazines from many countries, and locally published newspapers in
many languages, are readily to be found on news-stands in central London.

Subject matter:
General newspapers cover all topics, with different emphasis. While at least
mentioning all topics, some might have good coverage of international
events of importance; others might concentrate more on national or local
entertainment or sports. Specialized newspapers might concentrate more
specifically on, for example, financial matters. There are publications

covering exclusively sports, or certain sports, horse-racing, theatre, and so

on, although they may no longer be called newspapers.

Print:
For centuries newspapers were printed on paper and distributed physically to
readers.
Online:
Virtually all printed newspapers have online editions distributed over the
Internet which, depending on the country may be regulated by journalism
organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in the UK. But as
some publishers find their print-based models increasingly
unsustainable, Web-based "newspapers" have also started to appear, such as
the Southport Reporter in the UK and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, which
stopped publishing in print after 149 years in March 2009 and went online
only.
Custom:
A new trend in newspaper publishing is the introduction
of personalization through on-demand printing technologies. Customized
newspapers allow the reader to create their individual newspaper through the
selection of individual pages from multiple publications. This "Best of"
approach allows reviving the print-based model and opens up a new
distribution channel to increase coverage beneath the usual boundaries of
distribution.
Customized newspapers online have been offered by My Yahoo, I-Google,
CRAYON, ICurrent.com, Kibboko.com, Twitter. Times and many others.
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1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate newspaper readership
among students in Chennai city, hence the objectives for this study are:
1. To evaluate what impact newspaper create among students
2. To identify and prioritize the importance of newspaper for todays
generation
3. To determine whether students read newspaper.
4. To examine the effects of newspaper readership.
5. To generate suggestion based on the finding of the study

1.4 IMPORTANCE OF STUDY:

Newspapers as a Knowledge Source:
Frankly telling you that whenever I need a source of general knowledge then
many options come to mind but the most interesting and cheap option is
reading newspapers. Newspapers contain lots of general knowledge in it.
You can get the general knowledge of economics, Geography, Math, Science
and history etc. You can get a complete source of general knowledge.
Newspapers as a Job Portal:
If you want a job which is near to your city then newspapers is the best
option because most of the firms announces their jobs opening in
newspapers. So read news papers to get in the touch of all the jobs near you.
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And the most prestigious job exams like UPSC announce their updates in
newspapers. As you get job from it, you will get to know the importance of
reading newspaper.
Newspapers as a Study Portal:
When I was studying in 12th class then I didnt have any medium to know
about exam notifications of IIT-JEE. It was difficult for me to know that
exam date has been announced but newspapers were the answers of my
problem. And whenever any updates came about any exam we got all the
information through the newspapers.
Newspapers as an Update Portal:
Getting updates about anything is always a difficult task for everyone
because if you consider books for any updates then it is not a good option.
Updates usually come in books very lately. So who reads newspapers gets
the fastest updates from everywhere. Newspapers are the treasure of updates.
Newspapers as an Entertainer:
Oops for a student it may look somewhat wrong idea because in student life
we only focus on our study. But let me tell you one thing, entertainment is
also a part of our life. So entertain yourself and of course newspapers are the
great entertainer. You can read many stories, gossips and much more stuff in
newspapers to pass your time. Yes it is true that you should not waste your
time in it but little time pass does not harm anyone study.
Newspapers as a Language Teacher:
You have heard many times that if you want to improve your communication
skills in English then read newspapers. Yes it is very true because in
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newspaper there are many terms which are used at social places. It improves
your vocabulary skills too because as many words you study as your
vocabulary will get improved. So newspapers are your good teacher this
way, read newspapers and improve your Language skills.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The newspaper is all important these days. It is almost the first thing that
greets you in the morning. You read what is happening in all parts of the
world and for a while get out of the narrow circle of your personal affairs.
So much is happening every day that unless you keep yourself abreast of
these changes you cannot adjust yourself to them or move with the times
smoothly and easily. Students in the modern age have no idea that how
reading newspapers can help them. Now I will not waste your time and I just
come to the point that what is the importance of reading newspapers. But
newspapers contain much that is useless or even harmful. Newspapers have
a trick of handling sensational news that excites national passions. There is a
part of the means to increase circulation. They also help to decry or boost up
political parties according to the colour of the newspaper. A reader must be
particularly on guard against this type of journalism. He must be critical and
circumspect.

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION
This is an analytical study based on the details given by the customers of
Commercial banks who used e banking facility. The study used both
primary and secondary data for its analysis.
PRIMARY DATA
Primary data regarding this topic was collected by using structured
questionnaire method.
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SECONDARY DATA
Secondary data were collected from various website, journals, publication of
bank records and journals, and other publication.
SAMPLE SIZE
A sample of 50 respondents was chosen in Chennai banks. The present study
was carried out in Chennai city by selecting the respondents who were
possessing internet banking facilities.
SAMPLE DESIGN
Convenient sampling method was used in the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design for this study is descriptive. This research design is
undertaken with an idea to see customer satisfaction regarding e banking.
The main of such a design is to ensure that the required data collected
objectively, accurately and economically.
STATISTICAL TOOLS:
The study used simple percentage analysis for the purpose of analyzing the
customers satisfaction.

The data was tabulated and classified.

The

analysed data was represented by tables and charts.

1.7 PERIOD OF STUDY

This study on the customer satisfaction of internet bank services in
Chennai was done during the period of 30 days

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

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1. The study was conducted in Chennai region only. The results of the
study cannot be generalized to other areas due to demographical
differences.
2. The study is restricted to the opinion of the students only.
3. The sample size of the respondents was 50 only, which may not be
sufficient to conclude the accurate response.
4. The period of the study was only one month, which may not be
sufficient to conclude the accurate response.
5. The report is purely based on respondents data. There may be biased
information. Errors are most likely to in trace is still a sincere efforts
has been made to make the study genuine

1.9 CHAPTERIZATION
Chapter I - It dealt with the introduction, statement of the problem,
objectives of the study and limitations.
Chapter II - It dealt with the theoretical background and review of literature
of the study.
Chapter III- This chapter dealt with the history of newspaper.
Chapter IV- This chapter provides analysis and interpretations.
Chapter V- This chapter provides the summary of findings and suggestions.
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Chapter VI- This chapter provides the conclusion of the study.

14

Chapter - 2

HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER IN INDIA

2.1 HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER IN INDIA:
Registrar of Newspapers for India, more popularly known as RNI, is a
statutory body of Government of India for newspapers in India. It was
established on 1 July 1956, on the recommendation of the First Press
Commission in 1953 and by amending the Press and Registration of Books
Act 1867. The Office of the Registrar of Newspapers for India is
headquartered in New Delhi, and has three regional offices
at Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. RNI regulates and monitors printing and
publication of newspapers based on the Press and Registration of Books Act,
1867 and the Registration of Newspapers (Central) Rules, 1956.]The
registrar is designated as Press Registrar, and S M Khan a 1982 batch senior
IIS officer is the current Press Registrar and Head of Department.
The Press and Registration of Books Act contain the duties and functions of
the RNI. On account of some more responsibilities entrusted upon RNI
during all these years, the office is performing both statutory as well as some
non-statutory functions. Online registration system was formally inaugurated
in 2004 by the Information and Broadcasting Minster S. Jaipal Reddy.
Duties:
Under statutory functions, RNI performs the following duties

15

Compilation and maintenance of a Register of Newspapers containing

particulars about all the newspapers published;

Issue of Certificate of Registration to newspapers published under

valid declaration;

Scrutiny and analysis of annual statements sent by the publishers of

newspapers every year under PRB Act containing information
on circulation, ownership etc.;

Informing district magistrates about availability of titles, to intending

publishers for filing declaration;

Ensuring that newspapers are published in accordance with the

provisions of PRB Act 1867 and the rules made there under;

Verification under Section 19-F of PRB Act, of circulation claims

furnished by the publishers in their Annual Statements; and

Preparation and submission to the Government on or before 31

December each year, a report containing all available information and
statistics about the press in India with particular reference to the
emerging trends in circulation and in the direction of common ownership
units etc.

The following fall under the non-statutory functions:

Formulation of Newsprint Allocation Policy Guidelines and issue of

Eligibility Certificate to the newspapers to enable them to
import newsprint and to procure indigenous newsprint;

16

Assessing and certifying the essential need and requirement of

newspaper establishments to import printing and composing
machinery and allied materials.
Registration:

Registrar maintains the legal procedures for registering a newspaper, which

can be summarized as:
1. As a first stage, the applicant applies for title verification of the
publication to the jurisdictional District Magistrate. The District
Magistrate will get the title verified from RNI.
2. After receiving the title verification letter from RNI, the applicant
needs to file a declaration for authentication before District
Magistrate.
3. After authentication, the newspaper must be published within 6 weeks
if it is published once a week or oftener than that. In case of any other
periodicity, the first issue should be published within 3 months from
the date of authentication.
4. After the first issue is published, the applicant needs to file an
application for registration, enclosing the following documents
1. Title verification letter
2. Authenticated declaration
3. An affidavit for no foreign tie-up
4. First issue and latest issue of the publication

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5. Content intimation/ confirmation in the prescribed form

6. Certificate intimating appointment of the printer.

2.2 Newspaper available in Chennai:

2.2.1 About Dinakaran:

Dinakaran is a Tamil daily newspaper distributed in India. As of March

2010, Dinakaran is the largest Tamil daily newspaper in terms of net paid
circulation, which were 1,235,220. In terms of total readership, which was
16,741,000 as of May 2010, it is the second largest. Dinakaran is published
from 12 centres in India namely Chennai, Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai,
Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy, Salem, Nagercoil, Vellore, Nellai and
Pondicherry.

History:
Dinakaran was founded in 1977 by K. P. Kandasamy in support of Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) when his father-in-law, S. P. Adithanar, chose
to support Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam during its split from DMK. In
2005, Dinakaran was acquired from his son K. P. K. Kumaran by Kalanithi
Maran's Sun Network.After,the acquisition, Dinakaran was headed by RMR
Ramesh and was made the largest selling Tamil daily for 23 years in a row.
In 2006 May, Dinakaran published the results of a series of opinion polls
which showed politician M. K. Stalin having more approval than his elder
brother M. K. Azhagiri.

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2.2.2 About Dina Thanthi:

Dina thanthi is a reputed daily Tamil newspaper in Nellai, Bengaluru,

Mumbai, Chennai, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Madurai, Erode, Dindugal, Trichy,
Salem, Nagercoil, Cuddalore, Vellore, Puducherry and Thanjavur. It is
owned by Mr.B. Sivanthi Aditanar. It was founded by S. P. Adithanar, a
lawyer trained in Britain and practised in Singapore, with its first edition
from Madurai in 1942. The publication spread over Tamil Nadu and the
neighbouring states of Puducherry and Karnataka. In 1940, he opened
editions in Madras, Salem and Thiruchi. While the Salem attempt failed, the
Tiruchirapalli edition had to be reopened in 1954.

History:
In 1945, Dina Thanthi was started in Salem with simultaneous editions in
Madras, Salem and Trichinopoly. It was founded by S.P. Aditanar, a lawyer
trained in Britain. He modeled Dina Thanthi on the style of an English
tabloid- The Daily Mirror. He aimed to bring out a newspaper that ordinary
people would read, and which would encourage a reading habit even among
the newly literate. In the past, the daily newspaper which was printed in
Madras reached the southern Tamil region after at least one day. Dina
Thanthi used the public bus system to distribute the paper throughout the
south Tamil region and capitalised on the hunger for war news that arose
after Singapore fell to the Japanese. Dina Thanthi became one of the largest
Tamil language dailies by circulation within a few years; it has been a
leading Tamil daily since the 1960s. It has today 15 editions. It is the highest
circulated Tamil daily in Bangalore. It issues a book called 10th, +2 Vina
Vidai Book, on every Wednesday during the second part of the year. The
model question papers of all the subjects of Standard 10 and 12 are provided

19

with answers along with the question papers of board exams that are
conducted previous year.

2.2.3

About Dinamalar:

Dinamalar is a daily newspaper published from Chennai, Coimbatore,

Madurai, Pondicherry, Tirunelveli, Nagercoil,Trichy, Erode, Vellore and Sal
em from Tamil Nadu state, India. Dinamalar was founded by T. V. Rama
subbaiyer. T. V. Rama subbaiyer started the news paper in Trivandrum in
year 1951 to voice for the cause of merging of Tamil speaking southern
region of India around Kanyakumari district with Madras presidency. The
company has an approximately 1500 employees across its 10 centers and an
approximate turnover of over 100 Crore Rupees.

History:
In 1956, T. V. Ramasubbaiyer moved his operations to Tirunelveli. He
opened editorial units inTiruchirapalli in 1966 and Madras in
1979.Dinamalar is run as a partnership firm by the sons of T. V.
Ramasubbaiyer. R. Venkitapathy, R.Krishnamoorthy, R.Lakshmipathy,
R.Raghavan, and Mr.R.Sathyamoorthy are the Partners of Dinamalar

2.2.5

About The Hindu:

The Hindu is an English-language Indian daily newspaper. Headquartered

at Chennai, The Hindu was published weekly when it was launched in 1878,
and started publishing daily in 1889. It is the second most circulated
English-language newspaper in India, with average qualifying sales of 1.39
20

million copies as of December 2013. According to the Indian Readership

Survey in 2012, it was the third most widely read English newspaper in
India with a readership of 2.2 million people. The Hindu has its largest base
of circulation in southern India, and is the most widely read English daily
newspaper in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.The enterprise employed over 1,600
workers and annual turnover reached almost $200 million in 2010.
Subscription and advertisement are major sources of income. The
Hindu became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online
edition. As of October 2014, it is printed at 17 locations across eight states
Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Vijayawada,
Kolkata, Coimbatore, Madurai, Noida,
Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Mangalore, Tiruchirapalli, Hubli,Mohali, Allahabad,
and Malappuram.

History:
The Hindu was founded in Madras on 20 September 1878 as a weekly, by
what was known then as the Triplicane Six consisting of 4 law students and
2 teachers:- T. T. Rangachariar, P. V. Rangachariar, D. Kesava Rao Pantulu
and N. Subba Rao Pantulu, led by and M. Veeraraghavachariar. Started in
order to support the campaign of Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer for a judgeship at
the Madras High Court and to counter the propaganda against him carried
out by the Anglo-Indian press, The Hindu was one of the many newspapers
of the period established to protest the discriminatory policies of the British
Raj. About 80 copies of the inaugural issue were printed at Srinidhi
Press, Georgetown on one rupee and twelves annas of borrowed money.
Subramanian Iyer became the first editor and Veeraraghavachariar, the
first managing director of the newspaper. In the late 1980s when its
ownership passed into the hands of the family's younger members, a
change in political leaning was observed. Worldpress.org lists The Hindu as
21

a left-leaning independent newspaper. Joint managing director N. Murali

said in July 2003. Ram was appointed on 27 June 2003 as its editor-in-chief
with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold
and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces",
authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with
the competitive environment". On 3 and 23 September 2003, the reader's
letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was
biased.[15][16] An editorial in August 2003 observed that the newspaper was
affected by the 'editorialising as news reporting' virus, and expressed a
determination to buck the trend, restore the professionally sound lines of
demarcation, and strengthen objectivity and factuality in its coverage.

2.2.6 About The Times of India:

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. It
is the largest newspaper in India by circulation and largest selling Englishlanguage daily in the world according to Audit Bureau of Circulations
(India). According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2012, the Times of
India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership
of 7.643 million. This ranks the Times of India as the top English daily in
India by readership. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co.
Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the Brand Trust
Report 2012, Times of India was ranked 88th among India's most trusted
brands and subsequently, according to the Brand Trust Report 2013, Times
of India was ranked 100th among India's most trusted brands. In 2014
however, Times of India was ranked 174th among India's most trusted

22

brands according to the Brand Trust Report 2014, a study conducted by

Trust Research Advisory

History:
The Times of India issued its first edition 3 November 1838 as The
Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. The paper published
Wednesdays and Saturdays under the direction of Raobahadur Narayan
Dinanath Velkar, a Maharashtrian Reformist, and contained news from
Britain and the world, as well as the Indian Subcontinent. In 1850, it
began to publish daily editions. In 1860, editor Robert Knight (1825
1892) bought the Indian shareholders interests, merged with
rival Bombay Standard, and started India's first news agency. It
wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the
Indian agent for Reuters news service. In 1861, he changed the name
from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of India. Knight
fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently
resisting the attempts by governments, business interests, and cultural
spokesmen and led the paper to national prominence. In the 19th century,
this newspaper company employed more than 800 people and had a
sizeable circulation in India and Europe.
2.6.1 About The New Indian Express:
The New Indian Express is an Indian English-language broadsheet
daily newspaper published by the Express Publications and based in
Chennai. It was founded in 1932 as the Indian Express, under the ownership
of Chennai-based P. Varadarajulu Naidu. In 1991, following the death of the
owner Ramnath Goenka, the Goenka family split the group into two
companies. Initially, the two groups shared the Indian Express title, and
23

editorial and other resources. But on 13 August 1999, the northern editions,
headquartered in Mumbai, retained and renamed Indian Express as The
Indian Express, while the southern editions became The New Indian
Express. Today, the newspapers and companies are separate entities. The
newspaper is known for its intrepid and anti-establishment tone. Express
Publications (Madurai) Limited publishes the The New Indian Express from
22 centres in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Odisha.

History:
Indian Express was first published on September 5, 1932 in Chennai by
an Ayurvedic doctor and Indian National Congress member P
Varadarajulu Naidu, publishing from the same press where he ran
the Tamil Nadu Tamil weekly. But soon, on account of financial
difficulties, he sold it to S. Sadanand, founder of The Free Press Journal,
another English newspaper.
In 1933, The Indian Express opened its second office in Madurai and
launched the Tamil daily Dinamani on September 11, 1934. Sadanand
introduced several innovations and reduced the price, but later sold part
of his stake in the form of convertible debentures to Ramnath Goenka
due to financial difficulties. When The Free Press Journal further went
into financial decline in 1935, Sadanand lost ownership of Indian
Express after a long controversial court battle with Goenka, where blows
were exchanged. Finally, a year later, Goenka bought the rest of the 26
per cent stake from Sadanand, and the paper came under his control, who
took the already anti-establishment tone of the paper to greater heights.
At that time it had to face stiff competition from the well-established The
Hindu and the Mail, besides other prominent newspapers. In the late
1930s, the circulation was no more than 2,000. After Goenka's demise in
24

1991, two of the family members split the group into Indian Express
Mumbai with all the north Indian editions, while the southern editions
were grouped as Express Publications (Madurai) Limited
with Chennai as headquarters.
2.6.2 About Deccan Chronicle:
Deccan Chronicle is an Indian English-language daily newspaper. It is
published in Hyderabad, India by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited. The
newspaper's name derives from the originating place, the Deccan regions of
India. Deccan Chronicle is also published from Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Kerala. Supplements are "TV Guide", "Sunday Chronicle",
"Hyderabad Chronicle", "Chennai Chronicle", "Bengaluru Chronicle" and
"Kerala Chronicle". It also supplies other weekly features like "School
Chronicle" and "Teen Chronicle". The newspaper has a total readership of
over 10.8 lakhs. The company started its operations in AP as a partnership
concern in 1938. The late Tikkavarapu Chandrasekhar Reddy took over the
operations in 1976 after the earlier promoters declared bankruptcy.
Mr.Reddy subsequently handed over the operations to his two sons T
Venkattram Reddy and T Vinayak Ravi Reddy, who have been managing its
operations since late 1970s.Since May 2004, it started printing
the International Herald Tribune inHyderabad and sold for Rs 30 per copy.
The companys MD Venkattram Reddy was arrested on 14th Feb 2015 by
CBI for defaulting loans through false documents in Hyderabad.
The Indian Premier League cricket franchise of the Deccan Chargers was
owned by Deccan Chronicle. The Deccan Chargers represented the city of
Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League.Gayatri Reddy Was the owner of
Deccan Chargers. The media group acquired the franchise from IPL auction
25

for $107 million on 24 January 2008. The franchise was terminated

by BCCI on 12 October 2012 due to failure of the franchise to provide a
bank guarantee of 1 billion (US$16 million). This franchise has now been
acquired by Sun TV Group and is called Sunrisers Hyderabad known as
SRH.

CHAPTER 3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 Total Market Coverage (TMC) editions:
Free-distribution newspapers might be as old as the newspaper itself, but
they have become more popular since the Great Depression. Known as
shoppers or Total Market Coverage (TMC) editions in the industry, they
are advertiser-heavy and generally distributed either by delivering one to
every home in a defined circulation area or by making them available on
sidewalks via free news racks. (Tsao & Sibley, 2004) The editions are
attractive to advertisers because they reach every household in a targeted
circulation area compared to 50% or less for a sales-driven newspaper. They
also were an enormously profitable revenue source by the latter half of the
26

20th century, (Ferrell, 1998) with circulation of free newspapers jumping

from 30 million in 1968 to 88 million by 2000. (Tsao & Sibley, 2004) In
scholarly research they are defined as a local newspaper that contains ads
and is circulated free to the general public. (Stone & Trotter, 1979). As is the
case with most advertising, the question related to TMC editions becomes
one of pickup. TMC circulation figures often are not independently audited
because the editions are not sales driven, the operating assumption being that
a person will read a product that they pay for. In addition, delivering the
product does not guarantee that the consumer will pick it up and bring it
home, much less read it. (Ferrell, 1998; Srinivasan, Leone, & Muihern,
1995) This makes readership a crucial issue for advertisers as they attempt
to measure what they are getting for their money. Free newspapers tend to be
attractive to local advertisers, but research has shown that the usage rate of
TMC products is lower than it is for any other form of media. Newspapers
tend to be protective of these circulation numbers involving readership and
scholars have done little in the area to measure readership. One study found
a 58% readership rate among those who receive shopper editions (Stone &
Trotter, 1979) but the results are problematic for our current study for a few
reasons. First, the study was done during a time when newspaper readership
was far higher, and indeed the newspaper reading habit was more
pronounced. Much has changed in newspapers, and indeed in media choices,
since 1979. Second, the data showed that 10% of Stone & Trotters sample
reported never receiving the newspapers at all -- and yet 8% of that group
reported reading the content. The researchers said it was a sign of an edition
being passed around in social circles, but they did not substantiate that
assumption. Proprietary TMC readership is harder to examine but more
startling. A research director for a major national newspaper chain told
colleagues that his 2006 study of TMC products in two cities showed that
readership was 8.7% and 10.8%. (Federation, 2007). A 2006 study by
27

Belden Associates (Belden Associates, 2007) found that non-subscribers, the

very group TMC products are trying to reach, do not find the advertising in
TMC products useful. The recommendation based on these results was to
redesign products in such a way that they are more attractive to users in
terms of readership, that is make it such that the content draws the user into
the publication to read it so that the value for the advertiser increases.
TMC readership and The Saturday Weekly Missourian:
It is worth reviewing some past research related to The Saturday Weekly
Missourian, which is the publication that we are analyzing for this research.
The Saturday Weekly Missourian is the weekly TMC product for subscriberdriven regular newspaper The Columbia (MO) Missourian. Because The
Missourian publishes only six days a week and does not have a paidcirculation Saturday edition, the TMC product is the only publication put out
that day by the company.
Before the current research was launched, the last available data was
gathered in was a student-conducted survey in 2003. Although the sample
size was low, the survey indicated that regular readership rates for The
Saturday Weekly Missourian were approximately 34%. The students who
supplemented their minimalist survey with journalistic interviews, also
found less than half of those surveyed said the TMC products news was
relevant.
In 2005, the TMC product underwent an overhaul. Recalling earlier research
that showed readership as being the true value for the advertiser, The
Columbia Missourian executives decided to change the content source for
the publication in an attempt to spur readership increases. Up to that point,
the TMC was stocked with older content, consisting of features and news
that already had run in the daily Missourian earlier in the week as well as
28

older wire content from sources such as the Associated Press. The product
was re-launched on Oct. 1, 2005 with content coming from
MyMissourian.com, a citizen journalism Web site that was operated by The
Columbia Missourian.
My Missourian editors chose the best of that weeks citizen journalism
submissions for the print edition, with the idea being that it would provide
fresh content for the TMC publication as well as feed traffic to the Web
site in hopes that this cross-pollination would increase the value of both
products. Unknown was whether this type of content would lead to more
relevance or readership. Answering that question is the purpose of this study.
Before discussing that, however, one needs background information on the
citizen journalism concept.
Citizen journalism:
Citizen Journalism is a popular label used to describe a form of media that
involves moderated reader participation. It generally starts off as a Webbased approach, but one of the long-term strategies is to develop a best of
print edition that ultimately will serve as the mediums revenue source. The
Northwest Voice, which is the citizen journalism arm of The Bakersfield
Californian, used material from the Web edition to revive its shopper edition.
The papers own research showed that readership of its regular shopper
edition was lows - this not pleasing information for its advertisers. Mary Lou
Fulton, drawing upon an idea pioneered by OhMyNews in South Korea,
guided the creation of a community Web site that was run solely on story
and photo submissions from the community. As content increased, the
material eventually replaced the stale material that often stocked the shopper
editions. The use of citizen journalism has been credited for turning
Bakersfields shopper around because it provided fresh content.
29

Citizen journalism reverses the sender-receiver process of traditional

journalism. Whereas newspaper, television and Web media use the journalist
as a gatekeeper in the process of selecting and presenting news, in the citizen
journalism format the journalist is a shepherd in the process (Glaser,
2004). What this means is that the journalists role is to seek out community
voices and encourage submissions; their only editing role is in making sure
that copy is readable and does not open the publication to legal problems,
such as libel or defamation, and then they make selections as to what goes
on the main pages of the Web site. Citizen Journalism is just one name for
this medium, but it is the one with the most popular appeal. In its beginnings
it was referred to as participatory journalism or open source journalism
(C. Bentley et al., 2005), but it also has been referred to as grassroots
journalism and more recently user-generated content (UGC) in the
popular press. Because most citizen journalism is done online, and indeed
the citizen journalism content being studied in this research originated
online, it is useful to examine it as an online phenomenon to understand
what the content is and where it comes from.
Citizen journalism is partly built on the personal nature of blog writing. It
can be written in first person or third person. If a person decides to weave
opinion with fact, that is considered acceptable; the basic tenet is that
community members are not trained to think or write in the artificial
standard of media objectivity, and thus they often are not forced to adopt that
standard (C. Bentley et al., 2005). Citizen journalism is more like a
community blog in the sense that there are multiple authors, but unlike a
typical community blog there are no limits placed on who is allowed to
submit to the site (Glaser, 2004). One of the reasons this format works is the
explosion in ownership of an array of cheap citizen journalism tools such as
digital cameras, camera mobile phones, computers and iPods. With these
30

tools affordable and broadband penetrating more homes in America than

ever, the time is right for citizen journalism to make inroads into
communities once dominated by a single newspaper or television station .
The notion that citizen journalism is moderated is what separates citizen
journalism from a typical community blog, and in fact is what elevates the
posting format into a news format. The editor running the site often
determines what is placed on the front page, and thus the gatekeeper role
still happens to a limited a degree. Citizen journalism sites often are
designed like a news site, not a blog, and thus there are layered pages in
which there is a main front page and several topic categories.
Still, the gatekeeper role is greatly diminished from what it would be at a
typical news site, because the editor would determine both what makes the
front page and what stories make it onto the site. Unless the stories violate
standards for submission, citizen journalism sites tend to publish anything
submitted. These standards depend on the site, but they can be less
restrictive than typical news sites. The professional editor is not the only
way to control content quality, though. Citizen journalism sites are often
built upon a variant of the wiki concept in which software allows readers
to help edit content but adds another layer of quality control to the process
via programming or human intervention.
Theoretical framework:
Although several theoretical ways of knowing could be testable for the
purpose of this research, uses and gratifications (U&G) works best because
it focuses on the reader both from a needs and a uses perspective. U&G
theory is an approach that looks at media in terms of how it met the social or
psychological needs of the person using that medium. It assumes an active
audience and states that an individual has needs and uses media to fill those
31

needs (Blumler & Katz, 1974) Four audience needs generally have been
consistently found in U&G research: information, personal identity,
entertainment and a block consisting of integration and social interaction.
There have been studies that used U&G theory to examine TMC products,
but most have focused on advertising as a way of providing information
utility to the product user. The potential weakness of this approach, though,
is that it only studies part of the content contained in these publications and
assumes that advertising alone is what drives readership of these
publications.
One potential way to address this issue is to incorporate theoretical advances
recently made in media research. The communication needs-state model
incorporates elements of U&G theory and states that people first determine
their needs and then choose media based on those needs this model posits
four needs satisfied by communication: connectivity, information, and
shopping/consuming. Connectivity, the need to engage with other people, is
seen in much online or purchasing behaviour that allow for individual
expression among a group of similar-minded people. Information, the need
to identify, understand, and cope with what is going on, happens in
consumption of news as well as the information-seeking behaviours (such as
using a search engine) that come with online use. Entertainment, the need
for diversion or pleasure, is seen across many types of media.
Shopping/consuming, the acquisition of goods and services, also can be
mediated from browsing ads to using the Internet in order to make purchases
(Thorson & Duffy, 2006).
Once needs are identified, they are filtered through such demographic
controls as age, gender, and race, as well as through what is called aperture,
which defined as the particular point in time for an individual when
32

exposure to a message would yield maximum results (Thorson & Duffy,

2006). The filter combination of aperture and demographics leads to a
choice in the type of media product a person chooses by news approach
(opinionated, created, authoritative), and out of that comes the media choice.
The media choice is actually made from a list determined by the previous
filters; thus, media choices that might ordinarily fill the need are pared down
from the list by the filters of demographics, aperture, and news approach .It
might be tempting to think that The Saturday Weekly Missourian TMC
product is an all-encompassing product for this type of model, because in
terms of makeup the product embodies all four of the needs states that this
model posits, but to think so would be to misunderstand the Media Choice
Model. While it might be true that The Saturday Weekly Missourian offers
connectivity through citizen journalism content, information through news,
entertainment through content and advertising, and shopping/consuming
through advertising, MCM states that a person has multiple media choices
by which to fulfil a need, and recall as well that one of the assumptions of
U&G theory to begin with is that needs can be fulfilled by competing media.
To better fit The Saturday Weekly Missourian within the MCM framework,
it is possible to test whether the product fills those four need states but it is
much more complicated to predict that an individual will choose the product
based on that.

33

CHAPTER - 4
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Analysis is the computation of certain measures with searching for
patterns of relationship that exists among the data groups. The collected data
are scientifically codified, tabulated and arranged in the logical manner by
using statistical technique.
Percentage Analysis
Percentage refers to specific kinds of ratio percentage are used in
making comparison between two or more service of data. It is used to find
out the percentage of respondents from the total number of respondent. It
represents the promotion of different results out of 50.
No of respondents
Percentage =

________________ * 100
Total no of Sample

The study is aimed to evaluate the satisfaction level, perceptions and

opinions of internet banking users in Chennai. Sample was comprised of 50
internet banking users, Chennai. Based on the respondents answered in the
questionnaire the analysis has been calculated using SPSS.

34

TABLE 4.1
GENDER
GENDER

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

25
25
50

50
50
100.0

Male
Female
Total

SOURCE: PRIMARY DATA

INFERENCE
From the above table, it is clear that out of 50 respondents, 50% were
male respondent and 50% were female respondent.

35

CHART 4.1
GENDER

GENDER
60%
50%
40%
PERCENTAGE %
NO.OF RESPONDENTS 30%
50%

50%

20%
10%
0%

MALE

FEMALE

GENDER

TABLE 4.2

36

NEWSPAPER STUDENTS BUY

NEWSPAPER NO OF RESPONDENT
THE HINDU
22
TIMES OF INDIA
18
DECCAN
CHRONICLE

OTHERS
Total

PERCENTAGE
44
36

12

4
50

8
100

The above table clearly indicates that, 44% of the respondents were
purchasing THE HINDU and 36% were TIMES OF INDIA and 12% were
DECCAN CHRONICLE and 8% were purchasing OTHERS newspaper.

CHART 4.2
NEWSAPER STUDENTS BUY

37

NEWSPAPER STUDENTS BUY

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
NO. OF RESPONDENTS

44%
36%

15%

PERCENTAGE %

10%
12%

5%

8%

0%

NEWSPAPER

TABLE 4.3

PREFERED DAYS FOR READING

NEWSPAPER
PARTICULARS
NO OF RESPONDENT
EVERYDAY
28
ALTERNATIVE DAY
13
38

PERCENTAGE
56%
26%

SPECIFIC DAY
TOATL

9
50

18%
100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that, 56% respondents were reading
newspaper everyday and 26% respondents were reading in alternative
days and 18% were on specific days.

CHART 4.3

PREFERED DAYS FOR READING

NEWSPAPER

39

PREFERED DAYS
56%

60%
50%
40%

26%

30%

18%

NO. OF RESPONDENTS 20%

10%
0%

READING NEWSPAPER

TABLE 4.4
PARTICULARS
WHOLE ARTICLE

NO OF RESPONDENT
16
40

PERCENTAGE
32%

ONLY HEADLINES

34

68%

DONT READ

0%

TOATL

50

100%

READING HABIT OF NEWSPAPER

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that , 32% of the
respondents were read the whole article and 68% of the respondents
read only the headlines in the newspaper and 0% were dont read
newspaper

CHART 4.4
READING HABIT OF NEWSPAPER

41

READING HABIT OF NEWSPAPER

68%
70%
60%
50%
40%

32%

30%
NO. OF RESPONDENTS

20%
10%
0%

0%

READING NEWSPAPER

TABLE 4.5
TIME SPEND FOR READING A NEWSPAPER
PARTICULARS
LESS THAN 15MINS

NO OF RESPONDENT
26
42

PERCENTAGE %
52%

HALF AN HOUR

19

38%

10%

MORE THAN ONE

HOUR
TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that 52% of the respondents read the
newspaper for less than 15mins and 38% of the respondents read for
half an hour and the rest 10% of the respondents were reading for
more than one hour

CHART 4.5
TIME SPENT FOR READING NEWSPAPER

43

TIME SPENT ON NEWSPAPER

10%
LESSTHAN 15MINS
HALF AN HOUR
52%

MORETHAN ONE HOUR

38%

TABLE 4.6
NEWSPAPER INFOMATIVE AND
UPDATED

44

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

YES

32

64%

SOMETIMES

18

36%

NO

0%

TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that, 64% of the
respondents chosen the option yes and 36% were sometimes so the
newspaper is informative and updated.

CHART 4.6
NEWSPAER IS INFOMATIVE AND UPDATED

45

INFOMATIVE AND UPDATED

36%

YES
SOMETIMES
NO

64%

TABLE 4.7
VISTING OF WEBPAGE

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

46

PERCENTAGE %

YES

15

30%

SOMETIMES

11

22%

NO

24

48%

TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY DATA

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly explains, the 30%of the
respondents were answered yes and 22% were the sometimes and
48% were no.

CHART 4.7
VISTING NEWSPAPER WEBSITE

47

VISTING NEWSPAPER WEBSITE

50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
48%

NO. OF RESPONDENTS 25%

20%
30%

15%

22%

10%
5%
0%
yes

sometimes
WEBSITE

TABLE 4.8
WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

48

no

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

YES

33

66%

SOMETIMES

11

22%

NO

12%

TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that, 66% of the respondents
watch news channels and 22% of the respondents watch news
channels sometimes and 12% of the respondents dont watch news
channels.

CHART 4.8
WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

49

WATCHING NEWS CHANNELS

70%
60%
50%
40%
NO. OF RESPONDENTS

30%

66%

20%
10%

22%
12%

0%
YES

SOMETIMES

NO

NEWS CHANNELS

TABLE 4.9
CROSSCHECK WITH OTHER NEWSPAPER

50

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

YES

20

40%

SOMETIMES

15

30%

NO

15

30%

TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMAY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table indicates that, 40% of the respondents
crosscheck the newspaper with the other newspaper and 30% of the
respondents sometimes crosscheck with the other newspaper and 30%
of the respondents dont crosscheck with other newspaper.

CHART 4.9
CROSSCHECK WITH OTHER NEWSPAPER

51

CROSSCHECKING

30%
40%

YES
SOMETIMES
NO

30%

TABLE 4.10
SUPPLIMENTARY ARE USEFUL

52

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

YES

16

32%

SOMETIMES

18%

NO

25

50%

TOATL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMAY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table states that, 32% of the respondents says the
supplementary provided are useful and 18% of the respondents says
the supplementary are sometimes useful and50% of the respondents
says the supplementary are not useful.

CHART 4.10
SUPPLIMENTARY ARE USEFUL

53

SUPPLIMENTARY
60%

50%

40%

NO. OF RESPONDENTS

30%
50%
20%
32%
10%
10%
0%
YES

SOMETIMES
USEFUL

TABLE 4.11
REASON FOR PURCHASE

54

NO

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

TIMEPASS

PERCENTAGE %

13

26%

30

60%

OTHERS

14%

TOATL

50

GATHER
INFOMATION

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly states that, 26% of the
respondents purchase newspaper for time pass and 60% of the
respondents purchase for gathering information and the rest purchase
for other reasons.

CHART 7.11
REASON FOR PURCHASING NEWSPAPER

55

REASON FOR PURCHASING NEWSPPAER

14%

26%

TIMEPASS
GATHER INFORMATION
OTHERS

60%

TABLE 4.12
UNBAISED IN ITS REPORTING
PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

56

PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE

20

40%

AGREE

10

20%

NEUTRAL

10%

DISAGREE

10

20%

10%

50

100%

STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly states that, 40% of the respondents says
that the newspaper has no biased in its reporting and 20% of the
respondents agrees to the statement and 10% were neutral and 20% of
the respondents were disagree to that and 10% of the respondents
strongly disagree that the newspaper are biased in its reporting.

CHART 4.12
UNBIASED IN ITS REPORTING

57

UNBIASED REPORTING
40%
35%
30%
25%
NO. OF RESPONDENTS

20%

40%

15%
20%

10%

20%
10%

5%
0%
STRONGLY AGREE

NEUTRAL

10%

STRONGLY DISAGREE

SATISFICATION

TABLE 4.13
GOOD VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE
STANDARD IN THE NEWSPAPER

58

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE

20

40%

AGREE

10

20%

NEUTRAL

10%

DISAGREE

10

20 %

10%

STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL

50

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly states that, 40% of the
respondents were strongly agrees that the newspaper has good
vocabulary and standard in the language and20% of the responde4nts
also agrees to that and 10% of the respondents were neutral and 20%
of the respondents disagreed and 10% of the respondents also strongly
disagrees.

CHART 4.13
GOOD VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE STANDARD IN
THE NEWSPAPER

59

GOOD VOCULBARY

STRONGLY AGREE
30%

40%

AGREE
NEUTRAL
DISAGREE

30%

STRONGLY DISAGREE

TABLE 4.14
FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSPAPER
60

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE

25

50%

AGREE

20

40%

NEUTRAL

0%

DISAGREE

4%

6%

50

100%

STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table states that, 50% of the
respondents strongly agrees that the font and style in the newspaper
are good and 40% of the respondents also agrees and rest of the 10%
of the respondents disagree and strongly disagree to the statement.

CHART 4.14
FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSPAPER

61

FONT AND STYLE IN THE NEWSAPER

4%

6%

STRONGLY AGREE
AGREE
NEUTRAL
50%
40%

TABLE 4.15
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

62

DISAGREE
STRONGLY DISAGREE

PARTICULARS

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE %

STRONGLY AGREE

15

30%

AGREE

10

20%

NEUTRAL

DISAGREE

10

20%

15

30%

STRONGLY
DISAGREE
TOTAL

50

0%

100%

SOURCE: PRIMARY SOURCE

INFERENCE:
The above table clearly indicates that, 30% of the
respondents were strongly agree that the newspaper provide good
educational value and 20% of the respondents also agrees to the
statement and 20% of the respondents disagrees and 30% of the
respondents also strongly disagrees to the statement.

CHART 4.15
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

63

EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE

STRONGLY AGREE
30%

30%

AGREE
NEUTRAL
DISAGREE

20%

20%

64

STRONGLY DISAGREE

CHAPTER-5
5.1

FINDINGS:

1. Out of the total respondents, majority (50%) were female and 50%
were male.
2. Majority of the respondents 44% of the respondents were purchasing
THE HINDU and 36% were TIMES OF INDIA and 12% were
DECCAN CHRONICLE and

8% were purchasing

OTHERS

newspaper.
3. Majority of the respondents 56% read newspaper everyday and 13%
of the respondents read alternative days and 18% of the respondents
read only on specific days.
4. Out of the total respondent, 68% of the respondents read only the
headlines in the newspaper; 32% of the respondents read the whole
newspaper.
5. Out of the total respondent, 56% of the respondents read the
newspaper for less than 15mins and the 38% of the respondents spent
for half an hour to read newspaper 10% of the respondents spend
more than half an hour to read newspaper.
6. Majority of the respondents 64% of the respondents says that the
information and newspaper was updative and the 36% of the
respondents answered sometimes the newspaper information are
updative.
7.Out of the total respondent 48% of the respondents dont check the
newspaper website and30% of the respondents visit newspaper website
and 22% of the respondents sometimes visit newspaper website.

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8. 66% of the respondents watch news channels and 22% of the

respondents watch news channels sometimes and 12% of the
respondents dont watch news channels.
9.40% of the respondents crosscheck the newspaper with the other
newspaper and 30% of the respondents sometimes crosscheck with the
other newspaper and 30% of the respondents dont crosscheck with other
newspaper.
10. Majority of the respondent (50%) were unsatisfied
with the supplementary of the newspaper, 32% of
respondent were satisfied with the supplementary of the
newspaper and 18% of the respondents were sometimes
satisfied.
11 Regarding the reason for purchasing of newspaper,
most of the respondents (60%) purchase for getting
information; 26% were purchase for time passing; and
14% were purchase for other reasons.
12 Regarding unbiased in its reporting, most of the
respondents (40%) were strongly agreed; 20% were
agreed; 10% were neither agree and nor disagree; 10%
were disagree and 5% were strongly disagree with the
newspaper.
13.

Regarding

good

vocabulary

and

language

language , most of the respondents (40%) were strongly

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agreed; 30% were agreed; 30% were neither agree and

nor disagree.
14. Regarding the font and style of the newspaper are
good, most of the respondents (50%) were strongly
agreed; 40% were

agreed; 4% were disagreed and 6%

were strongly disagreed.

15.Regarding the educational purpose , 30% of the respondents
were strongly agree that the newspaper provide good educational value
and 20% of the respondents also agrees to the statement and 20% of the
respondents disagrees and 30% of the respondents also strongly disagrees
to the statement.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS
1. Majority of the respondent were the respondents were the students;
the newspaper should be in such way that to attract the students by
colour and font.
2. From the above findings the newspaper have impact on the students
and the newspaper should provide much more knowledge about the
current affairs prevailing in the country. So that helps the students to
know about real world.
3. Since many of the students purchase newspaper for getting
information there should be some information about their students
some funny and scientific facts.

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4. The newspaper will be helpful for the students in reading skills,

communication, overall development in all section.
5. In present technology the newspaper has advanced. Majority are
reading the newspaper through websites and other media. So regular
update in the website and other media helps the students to know
more.
6. Newspaper can provide good and useful supplementary through which
the students can do something and have good time in reading the
newspaper
7. Newspaper should have some fun facts so that the students dont get
boredom when reading the newspaper. The newspaper must be
interesting to the students and everyday they should learn something
new.
8. To keep newspaper alive its in the hands of the students to read the
newspaper. And according to this findings students have more interest
in reading newspaper, most the students read only the headlines it will
be better if all the needed news are quoted in the headlines.
9. The newspaper can its page layout and other content to attract the
students.
10. Newspaper can provide a valuable information about scope and
demand of employment opportunities for the students it will help both
the schoolings and graduation to look for the bright career.

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CONCLUSION:
We take newspapers for granted. They have been so integral a
part of daily life in India , so central to politics and culture and business, and
so powerful and profitable in their own right, that it is easy to forget what a
remarkable historical invention they are. Public goods are notoriously underproduced in the marketplace, and news is a public good--and yet, since the
mid-nineteenth century, newspapers have produced news in abundance at a
cheap price to readers and without need of direct subsidy. More than any
other medium, newspapers have been our eyes on the state, our check on
private abuses, our civic alarm systems. It is true that they have often failed
to perform those functions as well as they should have done. But whether
they can continue to perform them at all is now in doubt. Newspapers are
also shrinking in numbers of pages, breadth of news coverage, features of
various kinds, and home delivery of print editions.

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