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The quality of vision results, in Machine Vision as well as in Microscopy, strongly depends on the quality of lighting.
By using different lighting techniques different features of the object can be made visible.
Lighting and Optics are 80% of most machine vision applications.
If you cant see it in the monitor then the vision system cant see it either.
(Society of Mechanical Engineers/Machine Vision Association)
The purpose of the illumination is to enhance the contrast of the object in a way that the desired feature is detectable by the MV system.
On the basis of interaction of the light with the surface of the object a detectable contrast is created.
Important is which portion of the light is absorbed and which is reflected or transmitted back to the camera.
The most common lighting techniques are described following:
Front Ring Brightfield Illumination
Front Ring Darkfield Illumination
Directional Front Illumination
Coaxial Illumination
Diffuse Front Illumination
Diffuse Dome Illumination
Polarized Front Illumination
Transmitted Illumination
Advantages:
Non-directional, Eliminates contrasts
Disadvantages:
Not suitable for highly reflective surfaces
How to realize:
LED Ringlight
Fiber Optic Ringlight
Advantages:
Suitable for highly reflective shiny surfaces
Makes surface structure visible
Disadvantages:
Narrow working distance
Not suitable for flat surfaces
How to realize:
Darkfield LED Ringlight
Darkfield Fiber Optic Ringlight
Coaxial Illumination
Light will be coupled into the axis of the camera by means of a beam splitter (half-mirror).
Advantages:
Eliminates shadows
Uniform illumination across field of view
For highly reflective surfaces
Disadvantages:
Requires space for implementation
Reduced light output
How to realize:
LED Spotlight with coaxial attachment
Custom light guide solution for microscopes
Advantages:
Uniform illumination
Eliminates shadows
Reduction of specular reflection
Disadvantages:
Reduced light output
Not enough contrast for good edge detection
How to realize:
LED Ringlight with diffuser
Fiber Optic Ringlight with diffuser
LED Backlight with diffuser
Fiber Optic Backlight with diffuser
Advantages:
Non-directional completely diffused front light
Eliminates glare and shadows
Disadvantages:
Requires space for implementation
Reduces light output
How to realize:
LED Ringlight with dome attachment
Fiber Optic Ringlight with dome attachment
Advantages:
Reduction of reflection from highly reflective surfaces
Eliminates glare
Disadvantages:
Reduced light output
How to realize:
LED Ringlight with polarizing filter
Fiber Optic Ringlight with polarizing filter
Fiber Optic Bundle with polarizing filter
Fiber Optic Gooseneck with polarizing filter
Fiber Optic Linelight with polarizing filter