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OptiSys_Design
Optical Communication System Design Software
Version 1.0
for Windows 98/Me/2000 and Windows NTTM
Optiwave Corporation
7 Capella Court
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
K2E 7X1
tel.: (613) 224-4700
fax.: (613) 224-4706
e-mail: info@optiwave.com
web: http://www.optiwave.com
Notice
All OptiSys_Design documents, including this one, and the information contained
therein, is copyright material and may not be duplicated or reproduced, in whole or in
part, without the prior written approval of Optiwave Corporation.
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever, including recording,
photocopying, faxing, etc., without prior written approval of Optiwave Corporation.
Disclaimer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
LESSON 1: TRANSMITTER - EXTERNAL MODULATED LASER ............................................. 1
Starting OptiSys_Design ......................................................................................... 1
Interface Overview.................................................................................................. 2
Using the Component Library................................................................................. 2
Connecting Components ......................................................................................... 4
Visualization of results............................................................................................ 5
Connecting Visualizers ........................................................................................... 6
Visualizers and Data Monitors................................................................................ 7
Component parameters............................................................................................ 8
Visualizers parameters .......................................................................................... 11
Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 11
Displaying results from visualizers ....................................................................... 12
Saving the simulation results................................................................................. 16
LESSON 2: SUBSYSTEMS HIERARCHICAL SIMULATION ................................................ 17
Loading a sample file ............................................................................................ 17
Creating a Subsystem ............................................................................................ 17
Looking inside of the subsystem........................................................................... 18
Creating output ports............................................................................................. 19
Subsystem properties: name and icon ................................................................... 21
Adding global parameters to the a subsystem....................................................... 22
Accessing global parameters................................................................................. 23
Adding the component to the Component Library................................................ 25
Creating additional ports ....................................................................................... 27
Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 29
LESSON 3: OPTICAL SYSTEMS - WDM DESIGN ............................................................. 30
Global parameters ................................................................................................. 30
Transmitters........................................................................................................... 30
Parameter groups................................................................................................... 32
Testing the transmitter........................................................................................... 34
EDFA + Fiber spans.............................................................................................. 35
Getting results after the demultiplexer .................................................................. 38
Adding a receiver .................................................................................................. 38
BER Analyzer ....................................................................................................... 39
LESSON 4: PARAMETER SWEEPS - BER X INPUT POWER ................................................ 44
Selecting the parameter to be iterated using the Sweep mode .............................. 45
Changing the number of sweep iterations. ............................................................ 46
Changing the values of sweep iterations. .............................................................. 47
Running the simulation ......................................................................................... 48
Getting results using the Graph builder................................................................. 49
Introduction
The most efficient way to become familiar with OptiSys_Design is to complete the lessons located
in this document, where you will learn how to use the software by solving problems. Some of the
information described here is also described in the Users Manual, in the Quick Start section.
Starting OptiSys_Design
To start OptiSys_Design, in the Taskbar use
Start -> Programs -> OptiSys_Design 1.0 -> OptiSys_Design
Once loading has finished, the OptiSys_Design graphical user interface will appear:
Interface Overview
The main parts of the OptiSys_Design interface consist of the Layout Editor, Project Browser and
the Component Library. The Layout Editor is used to place different components, edit them, and
create connections between them. The Project Browser is used to navigate through the current
project, and to organize a project so that results can be achieved more efficiently. The
Component Library gives access to the components available to create the design.
The Project Overview is used for zooming operations on the layout. Parameter Groups organizes
the parameters of components in a way so that the user does not need to change parameters
such as Laser Wavelength in each component, accessing all of them in the same place. The
Output Window displays the messages generated during the simulations.
Project Overview
Component Library
Layout Editor
Project Browser
Parameter Groups
Output Window
Start a new project, from the main menu, go to File > New
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Optical Sources.
Select CW Laser 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the
library, and dropping it into the workspace.
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Optical Modulators.
Select Mach-Zehnder Modulator 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the
icon from the library.
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Bit Sequence Generators.
Select Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator 1.0 and place it onto the workspace
by dragging the icon from the library.
From the component library, go to Default > Transmitters > Pulse Generators >
Electrical.
Select NRZ Pulse Generator 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon
from the library.
Figure 5 - Adding a Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator and a NRZ Pulse Generator to
the layout
Connecting Components
In order to send the signal from one component to another we must connect the component
output port to the next component input port.
When connecting components, you cannot connect more then one input port to the same
output port. This means only
Connect the components by clicking on the port of the first component and dragging it to
the port of the next component:
The Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator to the NRZ pulse generator Bit
Sequence input port,
The NRZ pulse generator output to the Mach-Zehnder Modulation input port,
1
2
3
Visualization of results
There are many ways to visualize results when using OptiSys_Design, the Visualizers folder
in the Component Library allows the user to post process and display results from the
simulation. According to the input signal type the visualizer is categorized in electrical or
optical visualizer.
In order to visualize the electrical signal generated by the NRZ pulse generator in time
domain we can use an Oscilloscope Visualizer:
The optical signal can be also displayed by selecting visualizers from the library. In order to
visualize the modulated optical signal in time domain we will use an Optical Spectrum
Analyzer and a Optical Time Domain Visualizer:
Connecting Visualizers
In order to visualize the signal from one component we must connect the component output
port to the visualizer input port.
When connecting components to visualizers, you can connect more than one visualizer to
one component output port. This means you can have multiple visualizers attached to the
same component output port.
Connect the component and visualizers by clicking on the output port of the component
and dragging it to the input port of the visualizer:
The NRZ pulse generator output to the Oscilloscope Visualizer input port.
The Mach-Zehnder output to the Optical Spectrum Analyzer input port and to the
Optical Time Domain Visualizer input port.
Electrical
Signal
Data
Monitor
Optical
Signal
Data
Monitor
From the Layout tools toolbar select the Monitor Tool, the cursor will change to the
Monitor mode,
Monitor
Tool
Monitor
Layout
Tool
Component parameters
Double clicking on any of the components will bring up a dialog box for editing the properties
of that component.
Component parameters are organized by categories. There are five parameter categories in
this component: Main, Polarization, Simulation, Noise and Random numbers. The category
Main include the parameters often accessed by the user when using a laser, such as
Frequency and Power.
For each category tab, there is a list of parameters. Parameters have the following properties:
Disp, Name, Value, Units and Mode.
Displaying parameters in the layout
The first parameter property is Disp. When this property is checked the parameter name,
value and unit will be displayed in the layout. Notice that Frequency and Power have Disp
checked and these parameters are displayed in the layout.
Frequency
Units
Power
Units
You will see the value of the script expression in the message list in the dialog box and the
results will be 193.2.
10
Visualizers parameters
In order to access the parameter of the Visualizer you must select the icon and right click on
it, since double clicking on any of the visualizers will bring up a dialog box for visualization of the
graphs and results generated during the simulation instead the parameters.
Calculate the whole project: multiple design versions will all sweep iterations.
Calculate current iteration: current sweep iteration in the current design version.
By default we will calculate the whole project, since we do not have multiple design versions
and no sweep iterations.
11
From the calculation dialog box, select PLAY to start the simulation
Since OptiSys_Design can propagate the signal and noise separated, the user can also visualize
the results separated. In the oscilloscope the user can access the signal without noise, only
noise, signal and noise added, or all of them in the same graph.
Signal
without
noise
Multiple
Units
Noise
Signal
and
Noise
added
Figure 18 -Oscilloscope
12
Since OptiSys_Design use a mixed signal representation the user can visualize the signal
according to the their representation. Each left tabs refers to one of the representations: Sampled
signal, Parameterized signals and Noise bins, or display all of them in the same graph.
The optical signal polarization can be accessed using the bottom tabs: Total power, Power from
polarization X and Power from polarization Y.
Multiple
Frequency
Units
Sampled
Signals
Multiple
Power
Units
Parameterized
Signals
Internal
Resolution
Noise bins
Total Power
Polarization X
Polarization Y
Figure 19 -OSA.
Optical Time Domain Visualizer
Optical signals are visualized in time domain by using an optical time domain visualizer.
In time domain OptiSys_Design will translate the optical signal and the power spectral density of
the noise to numerical noise in time domain.
The optical signal polarization can be accessed using the bottom tabs: Total power, Power from
polarization X and Power from polarization Y. When selecting polarization X or Y the user can
also select to display the phase or chirp of the signal in that particular polarization.
13
Signal
without
noise
Multiple
Time
Units
Noise
Signal
and
Noise
added
Multiple
Power
Units
Analysis of
Chirp or Phase
Right click with the mouse over the graph then select the Zoom icon, or click in the Menu
button in the upper left corner and select Zoom tool.
The zoom tool allows you to zoom in on a specific area of the graph.
14
You can also trace the to obtain the values for each point in the graph.
Click in the Menu button in the upper left corner and select InfoWindow.
Click in the Menu button in the upper left corner and select Tracer.
The tracer tool allows you to visualize the values for each point of the graph in the information
window.
Click in the Menu button in the upper left corner and select Table of Points.
In order to save the data as a text file, in the table of points dialog box click in the Export
to file button.
15
After the calculation has finished, go to the file menu and select Save As
In the Save As dialog box select the Save monitor data check box.
Now all the results will be saved with the project file.
Save the
simulation
results
16
Or you can use the previous project from the fist lesson.
Creating a Subsystem
17
Observe that a new tab was added to the layout tab, now you can change parameters and create
ports in order to access the signals from the subsystem.
18
Main layout
Subsystem
Position the cursor near to the document border, left click on it,
The port was created, if you go back to the Main layout there will be an output port in the
subsystem icon. In order to create input ports use the same procedure. Since this is a transmitter,
in this example we will not create input ports.
19
Draw
Output
Port
Draw
Input
Port
20
In the Subsystem properties dialog box, change the Label to External Modulated
Transmitter
Press OK button.
The component name and the tab will be updated with the new name.
In the Subsystem properties dialog box, set the value of the parameter Use Image
to checked.
Click in the value of the parameter Filename, it will open a dialog box to define the
image file name.
21
Name:
Frequency
Type:
floating-point
Category:
Main
Units: THz
22
Name:
Power
Type:
floating-point
Category:
Main
Maximum value: 30
Current value: 0
Units: dBm
Repeat the same procedure for the parameter Power, enter Power as the parameter value, and
set the unit to dBm.
23
Click on OK button,
With these steps we set the value of the parameter Frequency and Power of the CW Laser to be
read from the global parameter of the subsystem Frequency and Power.
24
Globalparameter
parameter
Global
frequency
User defined
components
and
subsystems
25
In the New Folder dialog box, enter Transmitters in the edit box,
In the Custom folder in the Component library a new folder named Transmitters will appear.
Drag the External Modulated Transmitter and drop it in the Transmitters folder.
The subsystem icon will be created with the component name: External Modulated Transmitter.
26
27
Select Fork 1x2 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the
library, and dropping it into the workspace.
It will be easier to accommodate the new component if you change the layout size. You can
change the layout size by pressing Ctrl+Shift and dragging in the layout background to change
the size.
Select and delete the blue connection between the Pulse Generator and the Modulator,
Connect the Pulse Generator output to the Fork input,
Connect the first Fork output to the subsystem output port,
Connect the second Fork output to the Modulator input.
You can also delete the internal data monitors by selecting monitor tool and clicking in each one
of the monitors in the component output ports.
If you want to reflect the changes you made in the subsystem you must delete the External
Modulated Transmitter from the Custom library and update the library by dragging and dropping
the External Modulated Transmitter with two ports from the layout.
28
Connect the second output to the Optical Spectrum Analyzer and to the Optical Time
Domain Visualizer,
The visualizers will show the results and graphs from the output ports. Observe that the center
frequency and power of the transmitter are the ones defined by the values of the parameters
Frequency and Power.
29
Global parameters
For this simulation we will use default parameters for the Bit rate, Bit sequence length and
Sample rate.
Transmitters
30
Create an external modulated laser following the steps of the first lesson,
Resize the layout by pressing Ctrl+Shift, click in the layout background and drag the
cursor over the layout.
From the component library, go to Default > WDM Multiplexers Library > Multiplexers
Select WDM Mux 8x1 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the
library.
Connect the Mach-Zehnder Modulator outputs to the WDM Mux 8x1 inputs.
You can also select the values for the Mux internal filters to be displayed in the layout by
selecting the Disp option in the Channels tab of the Mux properties dialog box.
31
From the component library, go to Default > Amplifiers Library > Optical > EDFA
Select EDFA Ideal 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from the
library.
Connect the WDM Mux 8x1 outputs to the EDFA Ideal input.
Parameter groups
In order to enter the frequency values for each channel you can double-click on each CW Laser
and enter the frequency value. To simplify this process of entering parameter values for each
component you can user Parameter groups.
32
Parameter groups table gives you access to relevant parameters for the WDM simulation such as
Frequency and Power in only one place. This means you dont need to change the parameter by
going to each component and entering the values for these parameters.
From the Parameter Group Spread dialog box, enter the first frequency channel
frequency and the spacing: 193.1 and 0.1.
Press OK.
The values of the frequencies will be updated showing 8 frequency values:, from 193.1 THz to
193.8 THz.
33
You should obtain the signal spectrum showing 8 channels equally spaced, the WDM Analyzer
will also show the 8 channels, the average signal power for each channels is around 17 dBm for a
resolution bandwidth of 0.1 nm.
34
35
In order to calculate the system performance based on the number of Fibers and EDFA spans
you can use the Loop Control.
The Loop control allows you to set the number of times the signal will propagate in the
components connected between the Loop Input and Loop Output ports.
Connect the EDFA Ideal (the one connected to the Fiber) to the Loop input port.
The parameter Number of loops in the Loop control defines the number of round trips for the
signal in loop.
36
In the Loop control properties, set the value of the Number of loops to 3.
From the component library, go to Default > WDM Multiplexers Library >
Demultiplexers
Select WDM Demux 1x8 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from
the library.
Connect the Loop control output to the WDM Demux 1x8 input.
You can also display the channel frequency values in the layout.
Figure 53 Demultiplexer
37
Adding a receiver
After the demultiplexer we will include a photodetector, an electrical amplifiers and a Bessel
filter.
38
From the component library, go to Default > Receivers Library > Photodetectors
Select Photodetector PIN 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon from
the library.
From the component library, go to Default > Amplifiers Library > Electrical
Select Electrical Amplifier 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon
from the library.
From the component library, go to Default > Filters Library > Electrical
Select Low Pass Bessel Filter 1.0 and place it onto the workspace by dragging the icon
from the library.
Connect the first Demultiplexer output port to the Photodetector PIN,
Connect the Photodetector output to the Electrical amplifier input,
Connect the Electrical amplifier output to the Filter input.
Set the electrical amplifier gain to 0 dB.
BER Analyzer
In order to calculate the system performance you can use the BER Analyzer. This component can
predict the BER, Q-factor, threshold and Eye aperture. You can also obtain the BER patterns
and the BER value in each point of the Eye diagram using 3D graphs.
The first input port of the BER Analyzer receives the binary signal.
Connect the output of the first Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence Generator to the first input
port of the BER Analyzer.
39
The second input port receives the original sampled signal, used to compensate the delay
between the signals transmitted and the received.
Connect the output of the first NRZ Pulse Generator to the second input port of the BER
Analyzer.
Connect the output port of the Electrical amplifier to third port of the BER Analyzer.
When opening the BER analyzer you will obtain the following graphs together with the Eye
diagram:
Q-Factor: this is the max value for the Q-Factor versus decision instant.
Min BER: this is the min value for the BER versus decision instant.
Threshold: this is the threshold value versus decision instant that gives the max Q-Factor
and the min BER.
Height: This is the Eye height for versus decision instant.
BER Pattern: when enabled, shows the regions were the BER in the region is less than
the user-defined values.
40
Select the BER Patterns check box the visualizer will recalculate the graphs and
results
41
Right click on it, from the popup menu select Component properties
In the Main menu, select View > Project Browser, or press Ctrl+2,
Right click on it and from the pop up menu select Quick View
43
44
In the Parameters dialog box, click on the Mode for the parameter Power
45
46
In the Parameter Sweeps tab, enter the value for the Power in the first cell, -50 dBm,
Enter the value for the Power in the last cell, 0 dBm,
47
48
In the Graph builder tool, select the parameter Power from the CW
component in the X coordinate source area.
Now select the results Min. BER from the BER Analyzer in the Y coordinate source
area.
Click on Add button, the graph will be added to the Graphs tab in the project
browser.
Laser
49
In the graph tab, click over the Power vs. Min. BER,
By right clicking over the graph name you can choose to show the graph using quick
view or adding the graph to the Views tab.
Ctrl+2
Graphs
50
Observe that for each iteration you will obtain different results, one for each value of input
power.
These steps are described in the Figure 70:
Figure 69 -Browsing through the parameter sweep iterations, the Eye diagram, and Q-Factor
for each value of laser power
51
In the Graphs tab, select the BER Analyzer 1.0 in the tree,
Observe that you will obtain a display with the graphs for all sweep iterations, one for each
value of input power.
These steps are described in Figure 70:
52
Input Signal Power: Iterations of CW laser signal power from -40 to 0 dBm
53
For each design version we have three graphs showing the Output signal power, Gain and Noise
figure versus the sweep parameter. These three graphs were combined into one view, this means
we have four views: Gain, Noise Figure and Output power versus Length, signal power, pump
power and wavelength.
54
55
56
57
58
59
Visualizers
Let us examine the signal waveforms at the input, after the SMF and at the end of the span.
One can observe that after the SMF the signal pulses are attenuated, broadened by a factor
of approx. 2 and that there is considerable inter-symbol interference.
60
Input
After SMF
Output
61
After SMF
Output
Figure 83 -The results of the scripted calculations of a dispersion compensated link span
Chances are that this single link might be useful for building longer multi-span systems. In that
case it is recommended to encapsulate it into a sub-system, which would later on allow
reproducing the same combination of components quickly and efficiently.
We create a new design version, selecting Design Version/ Add Design Version from the main
menu of OptiSys and change its name to Amplified Dispersion Compensating Subsystem. After
that we copy and paste all the components of Version 1 in it.
Next, as shown in Lesson 2: Subsystems Hierarchical simulation, we select all the components,
except the signal source and the booster amplifier (including or skipping the visualizers), and
select Create subsystem from the right click context menu. Our layout collapses into the visual
representation of a subsystem. First we create an output port in the subsystem by selecting Look
Inside from the right-click menu and using the Output port tool. After that we can change the
name of the new subsystem to something informative, for instance Amplified Dispersion
Compensated Span, using the Component Parameters menu item.
62
63
Let us now define a more complex waveform and perform the calculation. After that we can
display and compare the input and output signals in terms of their amplitude and pulse shape.
Input
Output
64
[nm]
1405.0
P [mW]
322
LD
7
[nm]
1450.0
P [mW]
122
1412.5
311
1457.5
113
1420.0
311
1465.0
110
1427.5
346
10
1480.0
127
1435.0
115
11
1495.0
126
1442.5
92
12
1510.0
219
After that we multiplex their outputs using, for instance, two multiplexers and a 2x1 power
combiner. The channels of the multiplexers should be accordingly adjusted to the
wavelengths of the pumps, as shown for the case of the 8x1 multiplexer:
We arrive at the following layout and can now calculate and observe the compound output.
66
After creating the subsystem as shown in Creating a Subsystem we copy and paste it two times.
The two new instances of that subsystem will be used as signal sources in the region 1510
1630 nm. Let us change the names of the subsystems respectively to Multi-Line Pump 1400 1510 nm, Multi-Line Source 1510 - 1570 nm and Multi-Line Source 1570 - 1630 nm by double
clicking their icons and filling the Label field in the parameter dialog box.
Now we need to adjust the internal parameters of the two new subsystem instances in order to
use them as signal sources. The following steps are the fastest way to do that:
Select Look inside from the context menu. The internal details are displayed in the
layout editor.
In the Group drop-down list select Power, in the Units drop-down list select
dBm
Right-click on Value and select Assign Multiple from the context menu. In the
dialog box that pops up enter 10.
67
Next in the Group drop-down list select Frequency, in the Units drop-down list
select nm
Right-click on Value and select Spread from the context menu. In the dialog box
that pops up enter 1510 for Start Value and 5.2 for Increment.
Select Output Signal Type from Group. As described above Multiple Assign 0 to
the Value of the Parameterized parameter. This means that the signals will be
generated with full sampled spectra, using the sampled signal representation
instead of the parameterized signal one.
Repeat the same steps for the next subsystem setting its source wavelengths from
1572.6 to 1630 nm and the powers to 10 dBm
Now we have the necessary pumps and signals and can start building the Raman amplifier
68
69
70
Figure 93 - Forward output spectrum of the amplified signals and the backscattered pump
It is seen that the gain of the device is relatively flat in a broad spectral region. The next lesson
will show how to improve that feature further by using the optimization tools of OptiSys_Design.
Gain spectrum
Two 3D graphs of each type are supported for the forward and backward propagating signals
respectively.
The following picture shows the evolution of the gain experienced by the forward propagating
waves. The high gain of the ASE in the shorter wavelength region (right) is due to the fact that it
experiences both Rayleigh and stimulated Raman scattering in the field of the strong pumps.
71
On the other hand it is clearly seen that the combined Raman amplification almost perfectly
compensates for the fiber losses along the full length of the amplifier.
Figure 94 - The longitudinal evolution of the forward gain spectrum in the broadband gainflattened Raman amplifier
72
73
74
It is immediately seen that optimal gain flatness of < 1 dB can be achieved using fiber lengths of
approximately 25 km.
75
It is informative also to display and analyse the superimposed forward output gain spectra
obtained for the different values of the attenuation as shown in the following figure:
Figure 100 - Forward output gain spectra as depending on the attenuation of the fiber
76