TRANSIENT ANALYSIS WITH CURRENT

TRANSFORMER

PRESENTATION
By:
M. RIYAS AHAMED

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OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this present work is to investigate the performance and transient behavior
of conventional electromagnetic current during power system switching faults. This work
has been carried out using MATLAB/Simulink simulation tools.

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INTRODUCTION:
Current Transformer:
Current transformers (CT) are important elements of relay protection because they
are the main source of information for the measuring organs of the devices of relay
protection, and the accuracy of the transformation of primary currents by high voltage and
intervening CT determines the reliability of the operation of the entire protection.

Types of current transformers:

Electro Magnetic Current Transformer (EMCT)
Hall Effect Current Transformer (HFCT)
Magneto Optic Current Transformer (MOCT)

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INTRODUCTION:- (cont.)
Transient:
The electrical transients are well known and unavoidable disturbing events that causes severe
problems to the electric power systems. The origin of transients are switching transients,
lightning, and other faults.

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SCOPE OF WORK:
Different types of switching faults are considered for conventional electromagnetic current
transformers (EMCT). The switching faults include symmetrical & unsymmetrical switching, effect
of current transformer secondary opening, and the effect of load switching. The system is modeled
to be a 120KV constant voltage source supplying a distributed load of 100MVA through a

transmission line of 300km length.

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SIMULATION:

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TESTING:
Effect of Symmetrical & Unsymmetrical switching.
Effect of CT secondary open.
Effect of Load switching.

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TESTING: (Effect of Symmetrical &

Unsymmetrical switching)
The current i has two components:
The first component is the AC sinusoidal component having amplitude

lagging the voltage phasor by an angle .

2 +2 2

and

The second component is DC or transient component which decays exponentially with a

time constant L/R.

If switching takes place in an instant when = 0, the DC component will be zero and the current
wave will be symmetrical.
If the switch is closed when - = /2, the DC component will be maximum and the first peak
of the resultant current i will approach twice the peak of the final steady state current. It results the
unsymmetrical waveform.
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TESTING: (Effect of Symmetrical &

Unsymmetrical switching)

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TESTING: (Effect of Symmetrical &

Unsymmetrical switching)

Effect of symmetrical switching

Effect of unsymmetrical switching

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TESTING: (Effect of CT secondary open)

Effect of CT secondary open

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TESTING: (Effect of CT secondary open)

Effect of CT secondary open

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TESTING: (Effect of load switching)

switching a load will cause switching surges, while switching a heavy load it causes the
transients

Output at
Steady state condition

Transient fault condition

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TESTING: (Effect of load switching)

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TESTING: (Effect of load switching)

Steady state output of the system

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TESTING: (Effect of load switching)

Transient fault condition

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CONCLUSION
The simulation results have shown that electromagnetic current transformers (EMCT) can suffer
heavily from transient saturation during switching of heavy load and unsymmetrical switching.

Based on this work it is safe to declare that EMCT can be used for normal monitoring and
measurement applications in utility. It is not good for the reliable protection and control
application in high power application.

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THANK YOU

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