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LEGGATT
LIBRARY
^t^SACH^^
1895
JUTE SPINNING:
BEING
COMPLETE DESCRIPTION
YARNS.
BELFAST.
WILLIAM LEGGATT.
LATE MANAGER, MANHATTAN WORKS,
DUNDEE,
Author of
the
1921.
[all rights reserved.]
CO.,
LIMITED.
William Kidd
&
Sons, Printers,
Whitehall Street
Dundee.
Nli 356i|
TO
J.
P.,
PERTHSHIRE.
http://www.archive.org/details/theorypracticeofOOIegg
PREFACE.
The author
business.
thing, but
right time,
it is
is
a good thing.
when
learning his
It is
found invaluable
This
is
little,
is
bad
who
not intended
to,
and
do
this will,
we
who
from a careful
in the
of the plant
that part of
My
strictly to the
of
PREFACE.
much
detail,
it
of
is
"mind's
your
in
of Jute
eye,"
importance to
is so much
know well
pinions,
reason
the
that
made
different proportions
and relations
of
one wheel or
roller to
another.
Every
has been
effort
calculations.
made
to avoid
errors in the
in the
book,
My
Leeds
and
also to A.
Thomson, Son,
&
Co.,
Macpherson,
Gordon Thomson,
&
Co., Limited,
Esq., of Messrs
rendered.
WILLIAM LEGGATT.
Dundee, May, 1893.
CONTENTS
Page
Introductoby Remarks,
1-3
4-17
Description of Boilers
Furnace
Apparatus Economiser
Dimensions of
4-10
Description of Engines
Horse
to calculate
them,
...
10-12
...
13 17
Speed of Shafting,
Jute Batching
18
..
...
..
...
...
...
for Hessian of
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
21,22
23-26
..
...
27,28
...
...
29-32
of Single Doffer
20
Arrangement
19,
Standard
...
33-35
...
36,37
38-40
...
...
...
Specifications
of
Wheels for
...
...
41-47
...
...
48-51
52-59
of
for same,
...
Specifications
for
Arrangement
...
60
...
61-64
65-68
of
of
of
...
for
...
...
...
...
...
69-76
CONTENTS.
Page
Diagrama
for same,
..
...
...
...
and Pulleys
...
...
...
Lap Machine
Dimensions
...
of
Rollers,
...
...
and Finisher
...
...
101,102
...
...
...
...
103-106
...
...
107,108
...
...
109, 110
for
Weft - Covering
...
..
99-100
...
...
...
...
lU
...
...
112-118
Workers,
...
...
Drawing Frames^Desoription
Drawing Frames,
..
Diagram
of
...
...
...
...
dififerent
119
of
120
kinds of
...
...
121-126
...
...
128-129
130-143
Arrangements of Wheels
Diagrams
...
of
80-98
...
...
of
...
Diagrams
...
...
...
77-80
Speed
...
...
of
...
and Roving,
Diagrams
of
...
Gills,
...
...
144
...
...
145-147
Rollers,
148-150
The
Spiral Roving
Frame
for
...
151-153
154-157
Diagrams
...
...
...
Gill Bars,
...
...
...
...
Speed
of
..
...
Diagram
and
...
,..
...
...
...
...
.,,
for
Speed
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
161
...
162
...
163-168
Wheels and
...
159,160
Bobbin and
...
of
158
of Collar
...
of
...
Diagram
...
showing arrangement
Traverse,
...
...
...
...
...
169-175
...
176, 177
...
178
CONTENTS.
Page
Concluding Remarks ou Preparing Machinery,
179
180
...
to produce
Rove from
181-187
Sacking,
188, 189
Jute Spinning,
190, 191
Instructions as to the
Working
Rove
of
192
Plate,
Speed
of
Diagram
193
194
195
Flyer,
196, 197
198, 199
Frame Draft
Spinning
calculation
Diagrams
of
and
J'airbairn,
End Gables
arrangement
Twist
Wheels,
for
200-202
...
of Spinning Frames,
Diagram
of
Fairbairn,
Heart Motion,
207
for
208
Drawing Roller
Arrangement
of Spring
and Lever
Arrangement
of Spring
and Lever
Automatic Motion
Diagram Rove
for
Plate
for
209
Fairbairn,
Pressing Rollers,
210
Drawing Roller
Arrangement
211
212
y/jomsoM,
Fairbairn,
213
Diagram
Diagram
Low,
Monifieth,
of
228
Spinning Frame,
229
Frame
...
Cop Winding,
of
Guide Pulleys,
Belts,
230
231
232
..
Particulars of
217
of
218-227
of Belt Joint,
The Driving
method
214-216
...
..
233-240
241
242-243
CONTENTS.
Page
Instructions and Particulars as to the Reeling of the Yarn,
of
Warping
Bundling Press,
Diagram Bundling Stool,
Diagram Warp Winding Machine,
Diagram
...
Concluding Remarks
Waste,
244-246
247
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
248
...
...
...
249
...
...
...
...
250
..
...
...
...
...
251-254
...
...
...
...
254,265
...
"...
...
IMill,
...
...
...
of Preparing
Bobbins,
...
...
...
Upkeep
...
Work
256
256, 257
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
257
.,
...
...
...
...
258
...
...
...
...
258
...
...
APPENDIX.
/
Jute Snipper
Explanation of Machine, with Diagrams,
Lathe Attachment
for
...
..
'..
261-263
..
...
264,265
Waste Cleaner
Explanation of Machine, with Diagrams,
The Adjustment
of the
Breaker Shell,
...
...
...
...
266-268
...
...
...
...
269,270
...
..
...
...
273 284
271-272
Addenda,
Table of Circumference and Areas of Circles,
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
APPENDIX.
Patent Centrifugal Flyer Dry Spinning Frame.
Sectional Elevation showing Pulley End.
Roving
Spiral
Front
Frame.
Elevation
showing Cone
Differential
and Link
Motions.
Arrangement
of
Gearing
for
Roving Frames.
PLAN OF JUTE
Showing arrangement
of
PLAN OF JUTE
Showing Pitch
of
MILL.
of Passes.
MILL.
of Shafting.
BOILERS.
Page
Mechanical Stoker
Boiler
Section of Fire
for,
...
Box for,
for,
Flues,
for,
ENGINES.
DiAGHAMs Total Load,
Total Load,
Friction Load,
Friction Load,
JUTE BATCHING.
Crusher Patent Jute
Butchart,
SOKTENEB- Jute,
Roller for Jute,
Barrow Jute,
Jute,
Root Cutter
24
25
26
26
259
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
JUTE PREPARING.
Card Clock
40
...
Single
Doffer Breaker,
...
...
Breaker,
...
...
...
...
Upstriker
70
...
72
Finisher,
...
76
78
80
112-114
115-118
Lap Machine,
100
Pass End,
131
133
...
Driving End,
Pass End,
Patent Slide or Push Guide Plate,
Patent Slide or Push
135
137
Gill Bars,
Spiral
Pass End,
Driving End,
Spiral
Spiral
143
144
Draft Gearing
Draft Gearing
Rotary,
Double Rotary,
Screw and
139
End
Gill Bars,
149, 150
141
Gills,
Roving Frame
138
(Spiral),
145, 146
172
174
155
157
158
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
Page
Roving Frame
159
162
Gills Spiral,
146
163, 164
Differential Motion,
Snail,
Gills
168
...
Rotary,
170
" Reach,"
Elevation Rotary
171
Spinning,
176
Barrow,
180
JUTE SPINNING.
Spinning Frame
Heart Motion
Bobbin
for,
195
for.
End
Elevation Pass
End
207
208
..
for,
for,
Thomson,
End
low,
214, 215
End Low,
Elevation Driving
212
213
for,
Elevation Pass
209
210, 211
...
Rove Plate
206
Fairbairn,
for.
Bends
204
fairbairn,
216
Loiv,
217
228
for,
...
230
231
264, 265
COP MACHINES.
Cop Machine
234-236
237
238
239
...
240
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
REELING AND BUNDLING.
Page
Reel Elevation
Bundling
of
Power,
242, 243
Press,
248
Stool,
Weaver's Knot,
WARPING.
Warping Mill,
247
WARP WINDING.
Bobbin
Warp Winding,
JUTE SNIPPER.
Jdtb Snipper
Elevation
Plan
262
of.
263
of,
WASTE CLEANER.
Waste Gleaner Elevation and Section,
266-268
269
Arrangement
270
for
Table of Wheels.
is
an entirely novel
which
2nd
No
3rd.
Special
is
'
is
bobbins required,
Doffing Motion controlled by the spinner-girl, who
whole side of a machine by one operation, thus
doffs the
in doffing
is
about
20 to 30 seconds.
5th.
and
is
Fairbairn
details
will
explain
the
fully
inside.
FRAME
FIG.l
FIG.2
bTD
FIG.5
Patent
Centrifugal
Flyer
FRAME
In carrying out the first feature the yarn is wound direct on the spindle "A" (Fig-s. 5 and 6) by
means of a swivelling centrifugal presser flyer leg "B"; this presser is pivoted loosely close to the
periphery of a revolving carrier ring "C." The presser leg " B " is provided at its lower extremity with
a fish-tail guide-eye " D," and at its upper extremity with a curled guide-eye "E." which swivels with
the presser leg.
The presser leg " B " is made in such a way that the outwardly cranked part " b " is
slightly heavier than the combined weight of guide-eyes "D" and " E."
When the carrier ring " C is
*"
"b"
"C " (Fig. 6), but as the cop increases in size and the fish-tail end
swivels outwards this guide-eye " E " changes its position horizontally until at the finish of the cop
approximately at right angles to a radial line, thus bringing the cranked part*"b" closer to the
centre of the ring " C," This has the effect of gradually increasing the pressure of the fish-tail end " D
on the cop, and insures that as the cop increases in size and weight the presser " B " exerts more control
over the dragged spindle, and in consequence the drag is practically self-regulating. In addition to this,
however, an automatically controlled drag motion " H " is applied, the drag thus requiring no attention
whatever during the building of the cops (Figs. 2, 3, and 4).
radial line to the centre of the ring
"
it
D"
is
'
Each individual flyer can be immediately stopped by means of pressed fibre brake block " J," flat
spring " K," a'nd lever " L," when required for piecing up (Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6). The machine is provided
with a patent double-acting quick traverse motion (Figs. 3 and 4).
The centrifugal flyer "B" and the carrier ring "C" are supported at a fixed height, and both
and ' N " and spindles "A" are traversed up and down some 14 times per minute,
the top portion of the spindle and cop passing through the carrier ring at the top of the 8 in. lift
spindle rails
(Figs. 2
and
"M"
4).
The spindles "A" and rails " M" ind " N " are balanced by counterweights "O," and are driven
up and down by means of racks "R " anc adjustable gearing "P" mounted on a long lifting shaft "S."
"S" being controlled ind reciprocated by means of the special patent double-acting
traverse motion (Figs. 2, 3, and 4),
The
entire side
The
is
M"
rail
*'
'"
are
made
1).
and during the doffing the collar rail "M" is arrested by means of stops " T," and by release of controlling and driving pin actuated by lever "V," and engagement of worm "X" with worm wheel "Y,"
rail "N" and with it the spindles
withdrawn from the cops (Figs. 1 and 4).
the footstep
"A"
The
spindles
"A"
withdrawn.
"
th^
of the shuttle.
The winding
ofif
is
ELEVATION SHOWING
'-^^^ fu/l
Size.
PULLEY END
CoMse Barbour,
Belfast.
OF GEARING.
2"
16"
Do.
Cone
Do.
Cone,
Pulley,...
10-44"
Cone Pinion,
...
E
F
Wheel,
...
31
Differential Pinion,
...
32
Wheel,
...
110
Do.
Do.
53 Teeth
Wheel
do.
60
do.
do.
45
30
ist
Do.
2nd
Do,
Loose Bevel,
ist
56
...
60
42
Intermediate,
28
2nd
Do.
42
3rd
Do.
28
Wheel on Builder
42
15
25
13
64
64
Ri
SSi
TTi
...
Shaft,
ist Spindle
2nd
Do.
..
Qearing Intermediate,
do.
do.
...
64
32
SPIRAL
ROVING FRAME
me
Arrangementof Gearing
FOR KoviNG Frames"
Combe. Barbour Belfast
V:
=\
ROLL
Scale
-^8
^^ full ^ize.
WINDING
MACHINE.
CoMBU BfiRSOUR, BtLFASr.
TRAVERSE
Scale
-^6
^^ full
Combe Barbour,
Belfast.
P UA
/iaS*"
rights r^Meet^e^^^
Foot.
of Passes.
of
Scale
},"^=One
Foot.
f
..5&<J
'!'
<::-;;2t'9'
^^y^^J^^.V'y//A'MiH
\
f'
^5'
vyy.'.\,
>fr-
\.
W/^^/.-m/M
f/Z^/ZMA-A
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ZetJcif^ton'
t OTl^O'Z'
IV-V.fy,',V/!-XI
\/AWA/^y>^/A
w/^/^/^/.v
^^jz/^/zz/M
-^:-
28
w^yyy^A^//////^/^^/i-pp^
^8
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^.^..-..
t^
iH
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i^
LA N
^7/
reo/i/s resertzedj
^7Z'rY777:^//;vk'-'.-,/h
\-'yzi'^ ^'zJ
-imzzzm
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
To
give in a general
service to the
trade, is the object of the following pages, not going too much into
detail, but stating in a plain and simple way as much as will help
the student to
Two plans of a Jute Mill are given in this book. One of these
a ground plan, and is intended to show the arrangement of
machinery, the floor space taken up by each machine, the pitch of
columns and roofs, and the width of passes in each direction the
other plan shows the elevation of roof, the lines of shafting, and the
is
diameters of shafting necessary to transmit the horse power required to drive the machinery marked upon the ground plan
the speeds of the different shafts are marked upon this plan for
reference. These plans are in no way exhaustive, and are not intended to be sothat is to say, they do not go into details, but
they show in a broad and general manner the outstanding arrangement of a Jute Mill built upon the shed principle, and will be found
useful as a reference for the information referred to in this paragraph. The reader will note that all the speeds of shafts are given
in whole numbers. This has been done merely to avoid fractions,
and it will be observed that in the calculations of card cylinder
speeds, &c., I have also taken whole numbers for the same reason
but this in no way affects the results, which are near enough for
;
also, I
may
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
be observed from the plan of shafting that wheelthe method adopted throughout for driving the mill.
It will also
gearing
is
In the ground plan all the frames are shown the same size
72 spindles a side, 4" pitch. I will refer to this in the chapter upon
spinning and spinning machinery.
is
Jute Opener.
Breakers
14
Finishers
14
Cylinder x
1st Drawings 2 heads each Push Bar.
14
2nd
14
,,
Rovings 10" x
Cylinder
4'.
6'
,,
6'
5",
4'.
Spiral Bar.
56 spindles each.
= 6048
spls.
Warping
and the machinery, the following remarks may not be out of place
at the beginning as descriptive of the general arrangements in connection with a Jute Mill.
As all the modern mills are built on the shed principle, and
with no partition between the departments, every precaution should
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
The sanitary arrangements should also have very special attenand a plan of all the drains should be kept, so that in the event
of anything going wrong the lines of drains can at once be traced
and repairs made without loss of time and inconvenience to the
tion,
working arrangements.
Jute spinning, like many other things, cannot be learnt from a
book, but the book may be helpful in a way. Spinning can only be
learned by steady and persevering hard work and experience.
In every mill many arrangements and adaptations of the
machinery have to be made to suit the requirements of the particular
branch of the trade in which the mill may happen to be engaged.
These arrangements I do not endeavour to describe, as they form no
part of the purpose of this book. To describe in a general way the
working of the machines, and the method followed in producing yarns
suitable for hessian and sacking cloths, is the purpose of this book
with what success I have accomplished my task must be left for
the reader to judge. With the above general explanation, I will now
describe the various steps in the different departments, commencing
what
Boilers most
commonly
7',
what
VICARS'
NEW
To get the
and the
flues
OPfAfMC
iV/INrj^O
B/f/DG
T^ f//fO T. A/fA.
/f(/t ///
Moz.Swo/frJV
//"offzs-v)
"^
-^C^
iHreat^
*5
ozszs
^e
''Z
-633
/^
^.sa^
-^isoos
^e.a^
/e
"
y:/s.zs
x/Si}^
.'ff^
''Z
f-s
6Z
a-?
2.07 -^o
/tf-zj
Z07
/f-S
/S
yx-/
-h
f-
^ i-
09
6>A
3-^
t5*/^'^
ff/=
ASO'/f /y/?
Sf /NC/iS.
is
a sectional elevation to
of the
boiler flues,
A boiler 30'
of
7'
60.
of
water at
60.
.Oro^t
ffrea.
6&S tS^.
in.
-fO^eSfi
The centre flue is about three feet wide and two feet deep, and
the side flues about two feet wide at the bottom, and at the closing-in
(which is about three-fourths of a circle) about nine inches wide.
Each boiler has two dampers, which are hung and can be worked
independently of each other. When the fires are at rest during the
meal hours or at night, these dampers are always shut as close as
possible consistent with not sending the smoke out at the furnace
doors.
When the furnaces are in full operation these dampers are
always full open if less draught is required, it is not to be got by
closing these dampers, but by closing the damper in the main flue as
shown further on. There are two main flues one goes direct to the
chimney, the other is the economiser flue through which the smoke
passes to the chimney if the economiser is in operation, which it
always is, unless on very rare occasions and for special purposes.
;
Sca/e
-r^
'
Oiize.
J^oaft-
10
No
damper
is
is
No.
Damper
is 8'
4'
with circular
top.
No. 2
,,
8'
4'
No. 3
,,
8'
4'
with circular
top.
power required
to drive jute
machinery.
Triple expansion engines of the marine type are now being introduced, but they have not been long enough in use to be able to
compare them with the former types of engines. There is much
difference of opinion as to the advantages of triple expansion
engines, with high speed and high boiler pressure (say) of 140/150
11
of 75/80 lbs. per square inch for driving jute mill machinery.
The
the first 30 minutes after the engines have been working. Engines
driving the load shown on the diagrams will require the heating
steam on them not less than five hours before six o'clock on Monday
morning in the winter time, and the half of that in the summer
time, and the expense of the steam used for this purpose will be
repaid by the work done in the mill, owing to the engine going the
ABSTRACT OF POWER.
Engine Friction,
Mill
70 H.P.
165'5 Friction.
95-5 H.P.
150 H.P.
Spinning,
474-5 H.P.
674-5 Effective.
Cop Winding,
50 H.P.
Reeling,
840
Total Load,
840 H.P.
Friction Load,
165-5
HP.
12
Working hours 56
week= 112
per
= 307,222.
Total
= 102-9
in
hours.
lb.
7/
tons
hours.
230,496
two weeks
lbs.
= 172,043
gallons
= 1,720,430
lbs.
lb.
= j|^= 2
41
= ^-^^|^ = 7-46
lbs.
lbs.
is
lbs.
for
the
No.
is
'is
475" deep, along which the water is allowed to run about 250 yards
before falling into the pond. No special cooler will be necessary.
The
as follows
13
shown on the
and measure
diagram that is
a ^th in this case add together these ten measurements and divide
by ten for the average pressure in cylinder, first at the one end, and
repeat the working for the other end then with the average pressure work out the formula for the horse power in each cylinder,
Divide
it
illustration,
Formula.
Area
minute
average pressure.
33,000
5Z?:||^ = 255-4I,H.P.
"^Mooo''
='^'^ Constant
'^^^^^= 156-2
1385-4
X 450 X
Number.
I.H.P.
ig'SQ Constant
Number
33,000
Average pressure
x constant = I. H. P.
plan
Pair of Compound Horizontal Engines, cylinders placed tandem,
high pressure cylinders 27" dianieter = area 57'52 sq. in. low pressure cylinders 42" diameter = area 1385'4 sq. in.; crank shaft 45
revolutions per minute = 450 feet speed of piston per minute. High
and low pressure cylinders both fitted with Corliss valves.
:
14
TOTAL
LOAD
DIAGRAMS.
and 42" x
5'
0" Stroke.
121.
No.
82.
Temperature of Injection
ENGINE.
Scale
Mean
Pressure
Front, 33-7
Mean
lbs.
32-7
Pressure
lbs.
Back, 31
-7 lbs.
I.H.P. 265-4.
Scale
Mean
Pressure
Front, 8'4
Average Mean
^-l
Mean
Pressure
Back, 8-15
I.H.P. 156-2.
Total I.H.P. No.
Engine 411-6.
lbs.
LOAD
TOTAL
15
DIAGRAMS.
and 42"
5'
0" Stroke.
Temperature
No. 2
Front, 33-6
82.
121.
ENGINE.
SOALK
Mean Pressure
of Injection
Jir
Mean Pressure
lbs,
3l'07
lbs.
Back, 2835
lbs.
I.H.P. 242-4.
Scale A-
1
Mean
Pressure
T"
Front, 92
Average Mean
Mean
lbs.
Pressure
985
lbs.
Pressure
Back, 10-5
lbs.
IH.P. 1860.
Total I.H.P. No.
Engine 428
4.
Power 840
FRICTION DIAGRAMS.
16
DIAGRAMS.
FRICTION
Temperature of Injection
Temperature of Hot Well
No.
39|
82.
121.
ENGINE.
Scale, ^V
Mean
Pressure
Front, 5-8
Mean
lbs.
Pressure
6 '58 lbs
Back, 7-374
per sq.
lbs.
in.
I.H.P 45-7.
Scale, tV
Mean Pressure
Front, I'O
Average Mean
Mean Pressure
lbs.
Pressure
1'135
lbs.
per
Back,
1-37 lbs.
sq. in.
I.H.P. 19-8.
Total I.H.P.
No
Engine 65
5.
Power 165-5.
17
FRICTION DIAGRAMS.
FRICTION DIAGRAMS.
Compound Tandem Engines.
Indication of
Cycls. 27"
and 42" x
5'
0" Stroke.
82.
121.
No. 2
Pressure
Front, 8-0
ENGINE.
Scale,
Mean
39^
Temperature of Injection
^-g
lbs.
'2 lbs.
6-4 lbs.
I.H.P. 501.
Scale, j^
Mean
Pressure
Front, 25
Average
Mean
lbs.
Mean
Pressure
S'O
lbs.
Pressure
Back, 3'5
lbs.
I.H.P, 499.
Total
I.H.P. No.
Engine lOO'O.
Power 165-5.
S^^^= 197%.
18
SPEEDS OF SHAFTING.
SPEEDS OF SHAFTING.
To
Wheel on crank
Pinion main
^^"
On
the plan
it
Main
100
shaft
Batching shaft
160
,,
,,
Preparing
160
,,
,,
,,
220
,,
Spinning
is
will
be
100 X
The above
is
= 220
way
given by
example
to
shafting.
30"dia.
X 14" broad
28"
14"
21"
8"
Push Bar,
16"
8"
Spiral,
16"
8"
24"
Softener Drums,
Drawing Circular
1st
Drawing Drums
2nd
...
...
Roving Drums,
Spinning
Drums
Weft Frames,
Warp
,.
6"
32"
14"
36"
14"
JUTE BATCHING.
19
JUTE BATCHING.
This is the department in which we commence to handle the
material for the first time. The bales of jute are wheeled in from
the jute warehouse, which will be seen from a reference to the
ground plan to adjoin the batching house, and communicates with
it by double iron doors.
We will suppose there are six bales in the
batch. These bales are set up on their ends three on either side of
the feeding end of the jute opener, the ropes by which the bale has
been bound together are cut from top to bottom by an axe, the layers
of jute are then laid upon the feedingtableof the opener, and passed
through between the rollers this softens to a certain extent the
layers of jute, and the streaks of jute of which the bale has been
made up
fall
readily apart.
stool or platform
JUTE BATCHING.
20
process.
upon
While
it is
that
Very much
working
other departments will depend upon the care and attention given to
the material when it is being batched. In the preparing depart-
ment, if the oil and water has not been evenly put on, and the jute
has not been well spread in the softening process, lapping of the jute
round the pressing rollers of the different machines will occur,
causing needless waste and loss of time, and consequently loss of
This can always be avoided if sufficient care and
production
attention is given to the material when being batched. The batching house should be kept thoroughly clean, no oil except what is in
the tanks above the softener should be kept in the mill, the bulk of
the oil should be kept outside and run down through pipes to the
softeners as required, and there should be no drain in this department
leading from the softeners to the common sewer a drain here often
leads to much loss and carelessness. The softeners should be fitted
with trays about 4" deep laid in below the rollers, so that any oil
passing through the rollers towards the floor maybe caught in them
and utilized. There is no valid reason why the batching house
should not be as clean as any other department in the mill. Apparatus
of different kinds have been fitted to softeners to regulate the fall of
the oil upon the jute according to the thickness of the streaks, but
Adjust the oil and
I doubt if they are of much practical utility.
water pipes to deliver at the rate required, and if the softener is fed
with fair regularity the end will be attained suitable for all practical
purposes without a lot of mechanical nick-nacks, for which there is
no time in any department of an ordinary jute mill.
;
Note.
is
oil
JUTE BATCHING.
21
whale
The
numbers
of first marks.
as possible,
JUTE BATCHING.
22
in addition, I
department
am
afraid
in this
in the mill.
The
jute opener of
&
Butchart
the trade.
'
'
Drum on
128 X 14 X
The
^=
jute softener of
&
Co.
JUTE BATCHING.
S;peed
and Gearing
Messrs
of
Urquhart,
23
Lindsay
&
Co
Ltd.'s
Machine
as follows
Drum on
~^ =
minute Speed
of Pulley Shaft.
Side
Wheel 40
teeth.
EoUer
5^1^-^^
Wheel 25
= 38-4
teeth.
Driving Shaft
Drum
Go.'s
Machine.
J55^ = 133-3
revolutions per
minute Speed
of Pulley Shaft.
Side
Wheel 39
teeth.
Roller
133-3
19
Wheel 25
X 16
39x25
teeth.
'=41-6 revolutions
is
24
BUTCHART'8
PATENT
Scale
C^^ff
EL'Ar/a/V
V=One
JUTE
CRUSHER.
Foot.
FffONT
SCALE
PL^.V
l'J. i^Ar/OA/
'='0// /=007
25
cc
CU
z
tl-I
'0
Uh
Ph
^1
Jl
CD
1
PL|
0:1
H
a
-D
so
so
26
r/.c/rss
sr/fA/effrn.VTS
JUTE BARROW.
USED IN BATCHING.
Scale
4-"= One
Foot.
3E3_
f*i^z/e^
JUTE PREPAEING.
27
JUTE PREPARING.
The process after the jute has been batched and been lying for
the necessary time in ihe jute barrow is termed the preparing. In
the preparing department, stated very briefly, the jute is converted
streak " into rove yarn in preparation for the spinning
This conversion is effected by the use of five different
machines, sometimes six are used, but not often, at least for
ordinary hessian yarns. These machines are named
from the
"
process.
1st.
2nd.
Finisher.
3rd.
1st
4th.
2nd
5th.
Roving Frame.
Drawing Frame.
During its passage through the breaker and finisher the jute is going
through what is termed the carding process that is, it is being cut
up into a sort of tow, and during the process it is being drawn to a
certain extent at the same time. In the drawings a number of ends
or slivers, as they are usually called, are put together and run through
the drawing into one at the front, and it is being drawn out still
smaller and finer during the process. In the roving frame each end
is put through the roving by itself, and when passing through the
roving is drawn finer still, and delivered at the front to the weight
required for the yarn into which it is to be spun. While it is being
delivered at the front of the roving, as it runs on to the bobbin, a
certain amount of twist is put on to keep it together while it is being
unwound during the spinning process. To give in detail to a certain
extent a description of the work done by each of these machines,
and also at the same time to show the methods of their arrangement
and the calculations of the different speeds involved in each of them,
along with one or two arrangements to show the weight of rove
produced, will be
With
my
two methods are adopted. The first, and I believe the most
common method, is to weigh so many pounds of jute and lay it on the
table,
28
JUTE PREPARING.
feeding table of breaker during one round of a clock which is
attached to the feed roller for the purpose of measurement of the
jute as it is passed into the breaker the other system is to put the
jute over the breaker without weighing it, and take the cans to a
machine called a balling machine. So many slivers from the breaker
are made into a ball or lap, and these laps are made a certain weight
for a certain length, and this determines the weight of the slivers
delivered from the finisher in a certain number of yards. I give an
illustration of a balling machine, and particulars of arrangements,
but all the calculations in this chapter are based upon the weight of
the "dollop" that is the weight laid upon the feeding table of
breaker for one round of the clock provided for that purpose. It
will now be understood that all the measurement of the jute in
course of being made into rove is done at the commencement, and
in practice there is not found any necessity for more weighing of
the material in the process of making rove.
;
Jute breaker cards and finishing cards are very much of the
they both consist of a cylinder, usually 6 ft
long and 4 ft. diam., round which are placed rollers, called firstfeeding roller, then stripper roller, worker roller, doffer roller, draw-
same construction
same
direction as* the cylinder; the feed roller takes the jute into
the cylinder
it is
fed in,
is
which are
is
passed
*NoTE
That
is,
same direction
travel
in
the
JUTE PREPARING.
29
and the
It is
and
finisher cylinders,
working
jute
for
With reference to
may be
some diversity
This,
of opinion.
JUTE PREPARING.
30
As shown
and
if
a card takes
fire,
in the plan
breakers to 14 finishers.
The cylinder
more generally
new
year.
and
this is
One other point may be mentioned, and that is all the rollers
except drawing roller, pressing roller, and delivering roller are
covered with wood, and in course of wear they are inclined to go
this causes trouble when setting the card, as it preoff the truth
vents the rollers from being equally set all the breadth of the card.
When they are discovered to be off the truth, the staves should be
taken off and the roller put into a turning lathe and made true right
across the roller. All the rollers are set to a certain gauge from
the cylinder, and also to a certain gauge from one another. Farther
on in this chapter a table to which they should be set is given, but
in practice it may be sometimes necessary to vary the setting a littk
'
'
in either direction.
JUTE PEEPABING.
31
//
of the breakers
When you
amount
resistance given to the action of the cylinder upon the fibre between
the cylinder and worker pins and when you decrease the speed of
the worker the reverse action takes place, and of course more cardreference to the manner in which the pins are set
ing is done.*
;
round the cylinder and round the worker will explain this to the
reader. The student should also study very carefully how the pins
*NoTB.
The reader
JUTE PREPARING.
32
are set in all the different rollers, so that he can take them out and
put them in, understanding very thoroughly the reason in his own
in the different
for
we may
drafts.
C
X
In the above
A = Diameter
B = Drawing
C = Wheel
E= Wheel
Drawing
roller
of
D = Change
of
roller.
wheel teeth.
Double intermediate
of feed roller.
G = Wheel
F^Finion on nave
in gear
on end of feed
roller.
33
Thus4 X 80 X
62 X 26 X
4 X 80
110
20 X
no
no = 13 "3 2
-^
lOf
X no
,,
X lOJ
for draft.
of
drawing
Note the draft of any machine, whether breaker, finisher, drawbetween the surface speed of the
first and last rollers of the machine.
ing, or roving, is the difference
Next the
draft,
ACE
between the
doffer
and drawing
roller
A = Diameter
B = Pinion
= Wheel
of drawing roller.
on end of drawing
of
drawing
D = Pinion
E = Doffer
roller.
on end of
roller.
F = Diameter
of doffer.
Thus
4
23
23
26
X
gjr
= 2'05
15i
88
54
88
54
15i
= Constant Number
and drawing
roller.
34
of
Then
drawing
roller.
in this case
A = Diameter
B = Wheel
C
-p,
F
p,
>
>
of
on end of drawing
roller.
Double Intermediate.
Double Intermediate.
G = Wheel on
end of feed
H = Diameter of
C
X
roller,
35
Thus
104
96
96
75
32
28
104
96
96
75
"
Cliange
pinion
32
^'^
'
for draft.
^A
ACE
In this case
A = Diameter
B = Pinion
of
Drawing
roller.
on end of drawing
roller.
Double intermediate.
E = Wheel
on
F = Diameter
doffer.
of doffer.
Thus60
84
23
26
60
23
=2-21
15
= draft
roller.
84
= Constant Number
C.
for draft.
15jV
Referring
of first drawing,
and there
it
is less
the finisher.
36
Thus
in this case
A = Dia.meter of drawing
B= Wheel
C
j^ >
>
-p,
= Draft.
H
roller.
= Double
Intermediate.
= Double
Intermediate.
wheel
of
ou end of drawing
G = Wheel on end
H = Diameter.
roller.
roller.
Thus150
150
156
SO
150
20^
153
=9
70
34
150
change
70
That
constant
number
of draft.
30
20i
the wheel on end of lower drawing
pinion.
Note.
rollers.
=330158
7 draft
it is
when
roller that is
taken
In double
doflfer cards,
and on top
74 teeth.
roller
is
from top
rollers
being taken up
ACE
doffer
and drawing
roller
In this case
end of
,,
p.
>
Intermediate.
E = Wheel on doffer.
r = Diameter of doffer.
57
24
24
88
= 192
28
=53935,
fS.
15J
88
57
15 J
70,
constant
number
for draft.
ACE
37
B
Then
in this
= Draft.
case
A = Diametei'
of
B = Wheel
end of
in
Drawing
Roller.
= Double
Intermediate.
D
E = Wheel ia
F = Diameter
138
X
Changs
"
roller.
4i
144
nn
'
20
144
76
roller.
138
end of feed
for draft.
41
^5
pinion.
ACE
Then
in this case
-p.
>
Double Intermediate.
E = Wheel
F = Diam.
doffer.
54
on
of
88
= 2'04
24
25
15i
54
88
24
jisr
15^
draft
=51 '096
Roller
,,
between
constant
doffer
number
Wheel 80 Teeth.
76
,,
and feed
for draft.
roller.
38
for
The weight
1st.
2nd.
Although the
method
first
is
are explained.
Taking the
first
method
thus
In this case
A=
worm
B = 42
C = 36
D = 36
is
of
feed
roller,
and a 3 threaded
on arbour of
clock.
Thus
3
V 3G
And
^ revolution
of the
clock
is
and therefore, there are 14 revolutions of feed roller in one round of clock.
of feed roller,
Feed
roller,
circumference.
1282
yds. in one
round of the
clock.
= 32
98 inches
In
39
roller to be lOj",
diameter thus :
And,
A'^M^TT
as
above,
round of clock.
lOf
diam.
33-77 X 14
36"
33 '77 circumference.
E
X
B
Then
in this case
A = Pin
on end of plaiding
B = Wheel
= Worm
D = 42
in gear with
roller.
it.
roller.
worm
E = 36
F = 36
,,
on arbour
of clock.
Thus
TTi ^
*^'>^
ff = TTO = ^V
Almost, therefore,
-^-g
of a revolution of the
Plaiding
roller,
12-95 X 35
36"
4^ diam.
= 12'95
circumference,
40
SINGLE
DOFFER
BREAKER
CLOCK.
THftjjog
cJ.\i'AT/0Af
'hrM-u-fk'
mm^m^m-i/k\
J_L
niiM
111'
._iiL'l.
PLAN
SPECIFICATION
41
Cylinder
6'
4'
Workers,
with iron
rollers.
Wheel
,,
workers
1^"
dofier
feeder
1^"
drawing
1"
roller 1-|"
delivering
1;|"
tin rollers
1^"
Over
431"
dia,
8i
and 2 Worker
Cylinder Ring,
Nos.
Nos.
Doffer Rings
Feeder
11
48" dia.
49|"
dia.
11
12i
8^
49i^"
12f
8J
dia.
staves.
15511"
38-09
cir.
Centre to
Centre of pins.
156 09"
cir
38-87
25-52
26-70
48 10
32-98
14
15
15/^
47-12
10^
10|-
31-80
SPECIFICATION
42
Drawing Rollers
4" dia.
Plaiding Roller
*NoTB.
12-56
,,
12-56
12-56
4" dia
is
is
taken at 4J"
Cylinder
190 X 156-09
Feed
roller
= 29657-10
ins.
156-09" circumference
= 2471-42
= 32
98" circumference.
1 90
26 X
44 X
80 X
110 X
= 148-08
4-49 X 32-98
Nos.
and
20^
110
ins. or
at centre of pins
= 26
70" circumference.
Cyl. pin.
^^^
iLj!
136
21-38 X 26-70
= 570-84
*NoTE.
Nos.
ins
or 47-57
of
at centre of pins
= 38-87"
circumference.
129-75 X 38-87
= 5043
38
ins. or
SPECIFICATION
= 48-10''
43
circumference.
Cyl. pin.
^=21-11
^.
52 X 54 X 88
21-11 X
4810 = 1015-39
minute.
revolutions of doffer per
'^
ins. or
84-61 feet
190 X 44
=^
= 160
I60-76 X 12-56
= 2019'14
ins. or
168-26 feet
roller
per minute.
12'56 circumference.
Cyl. pin.
90 X 44 X 23
= 154-07
revolutions of delivering
o roller per minute.
52 X 24
Jr-
11
ins. or
161-25 feet
190 X 44 X
136
45 X 75
138
17-89 X 31-41
= 561-92
ins. or
46-82 feet
12 56 circumference.
Cyl. pin.
190 X 44 X 26 X 20x114
80 xllO X 110x46"
= 11-12
11-12 X 12 56
= 139-66
ins. or
11-63 feet
roller per
minute.
SPECIFICATION
44
o
tn
>
c
fS
05
o
O
ih
-^
<N
Oi
(M
C^
__,
-*
OO
00
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CO
CCl
00
r^
b
tN
rt
IM
U-,
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o:
CO
s
6^
"S
!U
-?*
1 li
^<"
a
D^
CO
o
05
-M
CO
<N
CO
OO
00
aa
03
lO
C4
CO
Oi
-^
^
s
b
(M
f=<"*
IM
?'
<?'
Q
IM
-*
(N
.^
Oi
CO
rt
CO
f.
00
CO
lb
p
00
^
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CD
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CO
'"'
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o
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M
l^
t^
o
t-^
00
pIh
00
p
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^^
^^
CD
'^
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OS
00
t_
t-
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CO
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13
s
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p.
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5
^-*
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00
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IN
00
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IN
t--
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00
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CD
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d
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CD
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to
c=
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b
-7"
S
^
53
&)
'q
bo
-a
-a
bD
'3
.in
.1
GO
a
c
p.
CQ
_
-
^
"
>
1
fi
P5
&0
':5
g
'3
-s
-,
o
-^3
0)
lO
"?
>b
p<
,3
TJH
rH
OD
(N
M)
in
CB
"o
tf
00
"2
,jq
,w
;;
4i
o_
H
o
::
+^
9
5^ g
S
'Sa
04
'S
c^
00
CD
C<1
^
n
<N
t2
C-*
-a
00
00
fH
1
h
1 li
gS
1 ''^"
o
in
to
tr*
lO
Oi
o
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4^
-f
C^
>
CM
Jt-
_
*
_
-
"
SPECIFICATION
x
Delivering
Rollers
"^
390
Feed Roller
190 X
Cyl- pi.
52
Cyl.pin.
80
Nos.
and
Workers
190 x
Cyl.pin.
136
Doffer
190 X Cyl.pin.
...
5:2
100
Drawing Roller
23
24
26
xllO
x
20
45
for revs, per minute.
= 102-066
xUO
48
xl38
x 24 x 26
X 54 X 88
-485,933
= 479,797
x Gyl. pin.
= 3-653,846
62
Tin Cylinders
190 X Cyl.pin.
136
x 45 x 75
xl38 X 84
Plaiding Roller
-26
x 20 x 114
TT
No
to Shell,
Worker
No. 2
1
to
38
136
Change
X
12.
,,
14.
14.,
and 2 Strippers,
16.
Doifer to Cylinder,
16.
= 38,469
tV
to Doffer,
pinion.
speeds
eeds as
her roller st
affecting the other
138
190 X 40 xC.P,
136 X 138
-40,494
40
190 X 42 xC.P.
136 X las
= 42,519
42
190 X 44 xC.P.
136 X 138
44,543
44
= -46,568
46
48 xC.P.
X 138
-48,593
48
50 xC.P.
x 138
= 50,618
50
190
X 46 xO.P.
136 X 138
190
136
190
136
9.
16.
Cylinder,
Drawing Roller
190
.^g, g^g
" "'
Shell to Cylinder,
Nos.
of the
Feed Roller
No.
The Speed
-406,752
xllO xllO X 46
,,
Setting op Breaker
under
SPECIFICATION
46
"S
*H
+H
_fi
s.
CO
.S
05
CO
rlj
4f<
C-1
lO
(M
'^
to
>o
to
oo
"?
CO
(M
o
(M
00
'Q
1
CO
o>
-^
(j;)
(M
to
CO
OS
b-
,-(
<M
(M
CO
-<J<
lO
m
O
o
*
lO
(N
IQ
(M
to
^^
cq
,g
T3
Id
T3
o^
ti
in
to
(M
tM
^
m
o
oo
CO
IM
o>
CM
in
^
eq
lO
to
to
ti)
IN
<M
HH
^
oa
m
tb
cq
05
(M
to
C-l
to
35
03
CO
00
00
<M
1^
Cl
to
in
(TH
o
^
^
05
4t<
in
lO
<M
in
CO
in
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CO
(M
to
in
t~
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o
o
00
c~
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o
IM
^
m
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to
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m
to
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to
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to
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in
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00
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to
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in
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to
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to
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in
to
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in
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t-
to
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t-
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to
to
to
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a.
32
'^
c
o
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rt
cs
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00
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to
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05
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CO
ci
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CI
in
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p
in
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CI
in
CI
CO
in
CO
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t--
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p
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r^H
03
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to
to
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05
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m
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en
to
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to
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00
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US
oo
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pf
00
to
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in
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in
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in
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d
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00
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d
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6
cq
in
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o
m
SPECIFICATION
Dollop 32
lbs.
Worm Working
5
O
=^
X DO X
l^
14 revolutions of feed
roller for
bore.
Diameter 10 J".
= 46-172
'^
104
4 X 80 X 110 X
xC.P X '20 X
110
26
5'2
20
52
jiO
X 54 X 88
jiO
47
= 354-578
Constant
104
o-m
=2'07
draft
Number
roller.
for draft.
roller.
lO-j-U"
Note.
This draft
but
13'63 X 12'82
is
only necessary for the delivery of material between the doffer and the drawing roller
not required
= 174-736
Change Pinions
Drafts
is
in
roller.
yards delivered at the front of the breaker for one round of the clock.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
17-72
1688
16-11
15-41
14-77
14-18
13-63
13-13
ZS
12 66
SOT.
29
1222
11-81
SPECIFICATION OF PINS.
Size of
71"x48"
Cylinder
Feed Roller
No.
No. 2
No.
No.
DofFer
Stripper
Worker
71 X
Rows.
Pins.
Pins.
Pitch.
Staves.
rxf"
120
38
24
81
12-1^
No. 12-1"
Length of Pin
out.
5 "
1^
-1
71
xl2
i^h
30
71
13-1^
71
xl2
i X h
30
71
13 1|
71 X
71 X
71
30
55
13-U
T^
V
'^
30
55
13-1|
xf
34
81
>.
14-li
xl4
TF
48
K-
Scale,
Drawing
Intermediate,
108 teeth.
Intermediate,
Ibe
20_to 60 teeth.
'I
X^
roller wheel,
'
.-
52 teeth.
,'
teeth.
SO^teeth.
Changes,
20
80 teeth.
Changes,
20 to 60 teeth;
'
.1
Stud wheel,
Stud pinion,
Feeder wheel,
Feeder wheel
-/
to
60
/
teeth.
20 tekh.
110. teeth..
114 teeth.
46 teeth.
108 teeth.
00
Worker
84
Tin
Draft
138 teeth.
wheels,
RR
teeth.
75 teeth.
84 teeth.
roller wheels.
Areangbmbnt
4"
X 80 X
52 X 26 X
no
X 110
7i= 13-63 draft between feed and
20 X 104"
drawing
rollers.
X 110 X no.
^^r
TTTT,/- 554-578 Constant No. for draft.
20 X lOJ"
4" X 80
-^ ^
52xC.P. X
This
NoTE.^
Feed
roller
is
with feed
roller
4"
X 80 X 110 X 110
"=13-32 draft.
52 X 26 X 20 X lOf
4"
X 80 X
62 xC.P. X
Note.
no
110
,,>,=
-s?r
20 X lOf
C.P. Change
draft pinion.
Worker wheels
no teeth.
...
draft.
-^
X'
Jj-
49
50
Scale, Arih
A
BB
Swift pulley,
14" dia.
Stripper pulleys,
20" dia.
Stretching pulley,
U"
Drawing
24 leeth.
Stud wheel,
...
54 teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
28 teeth.
Doffer wheel,
88
Intermediate,
110
Intermediate,
108 teeth.
22 teeth.
roller pinion,
dia.
teeth.
teeth.
is
feet.
6 inches.
it
^"
thick.
j\-
51
52
Cylinder
6'
4'
Loose
30
2|^" bore.
3J
,,
,,
works
(this pulley
in a bush).
IJ"
Workers
Wheel
Doifers
If
Feeder
If
Drawing Roller
li
Delivering Roller
Tin Rollers
Centre
Under Wood.
Cylinder ring
43r
dia,
Over Wood.
Over Staves.
48" dia.
49^" dia
IH
47-516
47-516
48-694
47-516
48-694
62-046
63617
and
2 Stripper ringsiiii
14
15i
Nos,
and
iH
Hi
14
,.
IH
,.
Doffers
14
15i
IH
IH
Feeder
16
18^
,,
19f
20J
Tin Rollers
16" dia.
and 50-265
154-7
cir.
,,
12-56
,,
12-56
184-84 X 155 5
'
= 28,742-62
ins. or
= 155-5"
2395-21 feet
cir.
48-694
cir.
Rollers
of pins.
155-5
dia.
,,
Over Staves.
49|"
Nos,
Worker
Over Centre
Centre
to
of pins.
circumference.
SPECIFICATION
Cylinder Pinion 44 T.
Feed Roller
30^
= 63-617"
circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
184-84
44 X 34 X 30
u
X jg^
TgojTg = 2-36 revolutions offtfeeda roller
per minute.
2"36 X 63'617
Nos.
= 150'13
ins. or
at centre of pins
= 49-694"
circumference.
Cyl. pin.
184-84
X 44 X 25
144
155
9-10 X 48-694
Nos.
and
= 9-10
= 443-11
ins. or
on end of
3692
ins.
22
= 48-694"
circumference.
diameter.
Doflfers
= 49U9-32
ins. or
= 48-694"
circumference.
Cyl. pin.
184-84 X 44 X
Yg
24 X 28
14-72 X 48-694
= 716-77
rro
1
go= 14-72
ins. or
i
i.t j ir
revolutions of doners per
mmute.
i.
doflfers
per minute.
Cyl. pin.
184-84
X 44
70
= 11^"1^
116-18 X 12-56
= 1459-22
ins. or
121-60
ft.
53
54
4" diameter
= 12-56"
circumference.
Cyl, Pin.
104-84 X
44
74
109-90 X 12-56
= 1380-34
ins. or
115-02
ft.
roller
per minute.
12-56" circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
184-84
1^
^^
= 121-46
ios. or
184-84 X 44 X 25
18'21 X 50-265
= 915'32
184-84
xJ4
9-91 X 12-56
ins. or
minute.
12-56" circumference.
= 124-46
ins. or
roller per
minute.
SPECIFICATION
*
*
cc
h'
o
o
>
00
U5
OJ
w
OO
o
o
CO
r^
CO
(N
03
CO
r-i
CO
p
fN
-a
o
H
^
ib
ii
00
OO
_i
o>
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cio
K>
cq
OT
CD
Ol
o
o
ZD
_l
CO
Ol
o
CO
o>
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-*
>
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f.
p
oa
(M
a>^
^c^
fe^
ram
TtH
Eh
CO
4n
la
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Ph
_,
^^
ib
Ss
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4t<
CO
t.
00
t^
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en
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CX)
di
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in
CD
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lis
OO
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00
CO
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cb
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^
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'
93
6
*
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^^
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^
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05
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55
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11
o
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00
ft?
CO
5
i)
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31
CO
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6
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gl
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H
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p
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p
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CM
p
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ura
^
o
o
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m
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CO
ca
CO
N
p
ta
o
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o
Zl
OS
(4
1
1
i
R
"
^
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CO
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P4
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_
"
"
fl
1-1
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ft
o
v
00
'^J*
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QO
'a
S
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o
I'
f
bo
H
"
^
_
o
'^
lO
m
o
"S
2
OS
CO
1
Q
to
CD
CD
BO
c3
^
rt<
1
a
cc
o
as
Oi
a
=
s
13
=5
-*
>
p<
^
p
CO
0)
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d
a
u
^
p
o
o
o
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o
o
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CD
"
56
J84-84
Feed Roller
Nos.l and
2 Workevs^^*'^"*
xC.P. X 34 x 30
150
150
=<C.P. x
25
144
155
166
184-84 xC.P. X 24
Doffer
74
28
-207,034
-334,641
= 2-49,783
Delivering Roller
184-84
xC.P.x
23
70
22
Tin Cylinders
184-84
xC.P.x
25
155
72
= 2-76,068
xC.P.x 34 X 30 x 130
150
= 2-64,057
70
Plaiding Rollers
57
184 84
150
156
3l
Feed Roller
-414,058
-2-25-253
to Cylinder,
Shell,
No.
16.
9.
Shell to Cylinder,
No.
Worker
No.
to Cylinder,
No. 2
Setting of Double
Nos.
14.
14.
1
and
2 Strippers to Cylinder,
16.
DoFFisR Breaker
Upper Doffer
Lower
of the
Speed of Cyl.
Cyl.
84-84
"*
Pin.
184-84
40 X
144
155
42 X
155
144
184-84 X 44 X
155
184-84 X
to Doffer,
,,
,,
9.
9.
*..
Worker.
X ?S X ^''^"^^
^ ' ^ Pinion:
155
144
184-84 X
14.
The Speed
16.
to Cylinder,
Lower
16.
Strippers,
144
46 X
155
184 84 X 48 X
155
184-84 X 50 X
144
144
-331,254
40
= 347,817
42
= 364,379
44
= 380,942
46
397,505
48
414,068
50
Pinion.
under
<s
s
C3
a,
00
00
!
CO
H
to'
CO
05
OS
CD
-*
CO
'"'
tf
02
CO
^
lO
Oi
10
(M
OS
o>
CO
P
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t-
CO
t^
GO
t-
T^H
10
>rt*
^
^
^
CO
s
1
'^l
CO
Ph
CO
00
CO
05
W
CO
00
(M
<
K
t^
^
10
00
00
t;-
10
CD
t^
CO
OJ
05
lO
00
CO
(M
IC
10
-*
CO
00
to
CO
CD
1>
01
Oi
t-
CO
02
"
^
(N
l>
CD
<M
CD
id
(M
CO
CO
lO
^tD
^
00
^
05
*
'
"^
5D
in
19
t^
<i:>
10
o>
t-
(M
IN
CT
<M
CO
cq
Ci
tb
10
i>
00
3
-
tlO
63
t-
00
CO
01
135
CO
(Tl
19'
CD
CD
(N
CD
10
(M
00
C-T
IB
iH
_
CO
C3i
H
CO
CO
^
^
00
00
CO
b05
00
10
05
CO
(N
CO
tr-
03
io
05
to
tb
CO
-^
CO
00
CO
l^
00
CO
CO
10
CD
to
05
tb
(M
s
'0
03
CO
to
10
en
tb
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57
00
CO
~---
SPECIFICATION
58
This Breaker has two deliveries, and each delivery keeps a finisher going.
refers to each delivery separately.
wrought
at the
same
Dollop 22
Worm
1
From
time,
Pulleys 30".
lbs.
Working Clock,
1;^"
bore.
X 22
g-^^
7^ X 63'6I
ST
1=^
24,
Diameter 20 J".
5(5
w)i~
'^^
draft
=1-92
X 28c. p. X 15i
doffer
,,
roller.
roller.
Yds. per
round of clock.
Draft,
9-71
70 xC.P.
12-95
30 X 20i
4 X 57 X 88
24 xC.P. X 15i
= 53 9354
30
31
32
33
1100
10-65
10-31
roller.
DRAFTS.
Change Pinions
Drafts
10-09
34
35
36
37
38
39
9-71
9-43
9-17
8-92
8 68
8-46
Change Pinions
Drafts,
24
2-24
4 X 74 X 74 X 57 X 88
70 X 74 X 24 X 2S X 15i
25
2 15
= 2-036
draft
26
27
28
29
30
2-07
1-99
1-92
1-86
1-79
roller.
40 T,
8-25
SPECIFICATION
59
If will be observed that there are i teeth more draft between the doffer and the lower drawing roller
bottom drawing
The lower
upper drawing
roller
this
is
to
keep the
sliver tight
roller.
doffer,
roller direct
from the
roller.
SPECiriCATION OF PINS.
3
82
47
X 18J
T^X f
63
54
12-U
X 14
i X h
54
47
13-1^
X 14
hx
54
47
.,
131i
X 14
T^X t
54
54
,.
13-1|
X 14
t\x 1
54
54
13-lf
1st Doffer
X 14
|x
54
63
14-li
2nd
X 14
f X 1
54
63
,.
14-H
71" X 48"
Cylinder
Feeder
1st Stripper
2nd
1st
Worker
2nd
...
...
1 X
1-
No. 12 IJj
60
of clock, calculated
roller, 20;^
inches
63 61 inches circumference.
A
B
In this case
A= 3
B = 22
therefore
and there
roller,
round of
63-61 X 7^
Length
-^^ of a
of feed roller.
of
revolution of clock
is
clock.
= 466-47
of clock calculated
from plaiding
roller
4J" diameter
= 13-35
cir.,
two thicknesses
In this case
D = 22
31
^\-
plaiding
-- =
30f
Note.
As
worm.
roller.
13-35x30-75
36"
aff
to the clock
arrangements.
There
is
The method
length of clock when calculated from feed and plaiding-rollers
followed is to make the calculation at something between the speeil of the
estimate feeding cloth at -J-"
feeding cloth and that of the feed roller.
thick; this makes the diameter of plaiding roller equivalent to 4^" diameter.
feeding
have
draw
the
cloth, so as to ensure
roller
must
a
on
the
feed
Then
Thus, the feeding
that the latter does nut tend to choke the shell feeder.
cloth goes at 114, the feeder goes at 12-95 ; and we estimate tliat the draw
of the feeder in one direction and the resistance of the sheet roller will make
the real speed about 12 yards hence the reason that Messrs Fairbairn,
Nay lor, Macpherson & Co Ltd., speak of a 12 yards clock.
We
61
(For Diagram
see
U^
"^/s
page 62).
Feeder wheel,
156
Changes,
36 to 64 teeth.
150
Stud pinion,
20
Stud wheel,
Intermediate,
96 teeth.
36 to 64 teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
150 teeth.
...
Intermediate,
102
Stud wheel,
155 teeth.
Stud pinion.
Bottom drawing
Intermediate,
Top drawing
NN
00
P
Worker
Tin
...
102
70
X 34 X
X 150 X
30
roller
4"
ST.
70
X 20"
-SI
X 34 X
156
57^
X o7rrT/
30
20J'
4"
Note.
90
xl50 X 150
teeth.
72 teeth.
150 X 156
30 X 20"
70 X C. P. X
Feed
144
wheels.
teeth.
74 teeth.
roller wheel.
4"
25 teeth.
70 teeth.
roller wheel,
roller wheels,
Draft Arrangement
teeth.
draft.
of Breaker).
.,
,
9 7 draft.
draft.
teeth.
62
63
Scale
{For diagram
BB
Swift Pulley,
yj^th.
page
see
...
...
...
64).
,..
12"(iia.
Stripper pulleys,
...
...
...
22" dia.
Stretcliing pulley,
...
...
...
12" dia.
roller,
...
130
...
...
Sheet
F Top
roller wheel,
drawing
...
roller pillion,
teeth.
31 teeth.
...
...
24
teeth.
teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
57
Stud pinion,
...
...
...
...
28 teeth.
II
Doffer wheels,
..
...
...
88 teeth.
...
...
96 teeth.
Bottom drawing
...
...
24 and 25
Intermediate,
...
...
124 teeth.
...
...
23
roller pinions,
..
Speed Cylinder
84'84
revs, per
184'84 X if = 100'82
Length
Breadth
Two
separate slivers.
of
Feed Cloth
teeth.
teeth.
minute.
minute.
4 feet.
2 feet 9 inches.
it
delivers
two
64
65
shomng gearing
at driving end.
Scale ^th.
(For Diagram see page
A
BB
C
Swift Pulley,
66,)
14" dia.
...
Stripper pulleys,
18" dia.
Stretching pulley,
14" dia.
Drawing
Stud wheel,
Stud pinion,
28
Gr
Intermediate,
42 teeth.
Doffer wheel,
88
Stud wheel,
24 teeth.
roller pinion,
...
24
..'
teeth.
54 teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
Stud pinion,
12 teeth.
Brush wheel,
24 teeth.
LL
Intermediate,
90
22 teeth.
teeth.
DoflFer
Tin
Intermediate,
40 teeth.
Sheet
32 teeth.
tin roller,
...
roller wheel,
104
teeth.
52 teeth.
roller,
roller wheel,
78 teeth.
190 X
The
I
illustrations of
it
Up
For Particulars of Covering see page 111, and page 120 for Drafts, &c,
66
UP
STRIKER
BREftKER
Scale xVth.
GftRD.
67
A
BBB
Drawing
88).
66 teeth.
roller wheel,
Intermediates,
75 teeth.
20 to 60
Intermediate,
54 teeth.
Stud wheel,
58
teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
20
teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
120
Changes,
20
Feeder wheel,
Dofifer
wheel
...
88
teeth.
to
120
...
teeth.
60 teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
Stud wheel,
96 teeth.
Stud pinion,
64 teeth.
MM
N
Workers wheel,
...
...
116
Draft Arrangement
92 teeth.
teeth.
4 X 58 X 120 X 120
X 20 X
30 X
lor ^^^
66
.r,
^'^^*-
58
120
120
66
20
C.P.
lOJ
NoTB.
draft.
68
UP
STRIKER
End
to Driving Pulleys.
Scale A-th.
BREIIKER
CARD.
69
SCALB T^th.
(For diagram see page
70.)
20 to 60 teeth
B
C
Intermediate,
74 teeth.
104 teeth.
...
Stud wheel,
Stud pinion,
...
32 teeth.
E
F
Intermediate,
...
66 teeth.
Drawing
Changes,
20
Feeder wheel,
96 teeth.
roller
'
wheel,
75 teeth.
96 teeth.
roller,
46
to
60 teeth
teeth.
48 teeth.
...
84 teeth.
Stud pinion.
64 teeth.
N
0000
Stud wheel.
72
teeth.
Worker wheels.
90
teeth.
84
teeth.
pp
...
96 teeth,
Worker wheel
70 teeth.
Tin
Worker wheel
U
y
Mitre
Tin
roller wheel.
roller wheel,
for driving
Draft Arkangement
Feed Roller,
Feed
62
4^-"
end delivery
roller.
teeth.
75 teeth.
84
teeth.
30
teeth.
30 teeth.
roller,
diameter.
4^=13-83
75 X
32 X
75 X
32 xC.P. X
draft,
75
4" X
75 X
104 X 96 X 96
32 X 28 X 4
"
104 X 96 X
32 xC.P. X
= 399-359
7,
4'
14-26 draft.
70
DOFFER
SINGLE
FINISHER
CARD
Driving Pcllkys.
Scale
tV=Onk
Foot.
71
Scale
x^-th.
Swift pulley,
BB
...
Stripper pulleys,
72.)
...
...
...
14" dia.
...
...
...
15" dia.
CC
Stripper pulleys,
...
...
...
18" dia.
Stretching pulley,
...
...
...
14" dia.
Drawing
Intermediate,
...
...
24
teeth.
...
...
...
56
teeth.
teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
60
Stud pinion,
...
...
...
...
28 teeth.
II
Intermediate,
...
...
...
...
84
...
...
...
22 teeth.
Doffer wheel,
...
..
...
84 teeth.
Stud wheel
M
N
Stud pinion,
...
Brush wheel,
Speed
...
...
roller pinion,
of Cylinder,
...
...
...
24 teeth.
...
...
...
12 teeth.
...
...
...
24
J-|
teeth.
180 X
teeth.
= 168
and
i4= 150"64
revolutions of Nos.
and
Length
of
Feed Cloth, 14
feet.
Breadth
Two Feed
,,
9 inches.
should
be made of plaiding
72
SINGLE
DOFFER
Scale
A = One Eoot.
FINISHER
GJIRD.
73
Scale,
-y^'^^-
74.)
...
...
26 to 42 teeth.
Intermediate,...
...
...
...
72 teeth.
Intermediate,...
...
...
...
90
teeth.
Intermediate,...
...
...
...
63
teeth.
roller wheel,
...
Top drawing
...
80
teeth.
...
80
teeth.
Bottom drawing
wheel,
...
...
76 teeth.
...
...
138 teeth.
Changes,
...
...
...
26 to 42 teeth.
...
...
...
144
roller,
...
43
teeth.
...
...
32
teeth.
H
I
roller
...
Feeder wheel,
...
...
workers,
Worker wheel
Tin
Draft Arrangement
Feed
..
roller,
112 teeth.
...
72 teeth.
...
...
110
...
...
ISO
teeth.
...
138
teeth.
roller wheel,
...
...
78
...
30 teeth.
...
...
30
4 X 138 X 134
= 12 03 draft.
X
20 X 4i
4
1.38
X C.P. X
134
draft.
4J"
Note
teeth.
roller,
76
76
teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
74
Scale,
Jjf
= ONK
Foot.
75
A
BBB
Swift pulley,
...
...
76.)
...
...
11" dia.
Stripper pulleys,
...
...
...
24" dia.
Stretching pulley,
...
...
...
12" dia.
Top drawing
roller pinion,
...
...
24
teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
54
teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
...
...
...
25 teeth.
...
...
70
Doffer wheels,
...
...
88 teeth.
HH
...
II
JJ
Intermediates,
...
Brush wheels,
...
KK
L
Bottom drawing
Intermediate,
Speed
of Cylinder,
Length
Feed Cloth, 7
Two Feed
44
teeth.
...
...
30
teeth.
..
...
24
teeth.
...
...
24 and 25 teeth.
...
...
...
108
...
...
...
teeth.
23 teeth.
= 84'79
of
..
roller pinions,
185 X ^5
Breadth,
teeth.
feet 3 inches.
also
be
76
Scale
Ts-
= One
Foot.
77
SCALB
T^\th.
Drawing
A.
BBB
roller wheel,
Intermediates,
78.)
...
...
...
66 teeth.
...
...
...
75 teeth.
...
...
20 to 60
54
Intermediate,
teeth.
teeth,
..
...
...
...
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
58 teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
...
...
...
20 teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
120
Changes,
...
...
...
...
20 to 60 teeth,
Feeder wheel,
...
...
...
...
120
...
...
88
teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
Double intermediate,
...
...
...
60
teeth.
LLL
Worker
...
...
...
72
teeth.
MM
...
...
84
teeth.
wheels,
Deapt Arrangement
Feed
4 X 58 X 120 X 120
= 8-03 draft
30 X lOi
X 20 X
4 X 58 X 120 X
66 X 20 X C.P. X
120
10^
draft.
78
Scale
Jg-.
79
Scale, yV^h.
{For Diagram
BBB
Swift Pulley,
...
Stripper pulleys,
Stretching pulley,
Drawing
Stud wheel,
Stud pinion,
Gr
see
page 80).
...
...
...
...
...
...
16" dia.
14" dia.
,14"
dia.
...
...
...
...
...
...
24 teeth.
...
...
...
...
54
...
...
...
...
28 teeth,
..
...
...
42 teeth.
88 teeth.
roller pinion,
Intermediate,
Doffer wheels,
teeth.
..
...
...
Stud wheel,
...
...
...
...
24 teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
..
...
...
12 teeth.
Brush wheel,
...
..
...
...
24
LL
Intermediate,
...
...
...
90
teeth.
...
...
22
teeth.
...
104
Tin
Intermediate,
roller wheel,
Cylinder
teeth.
teeth.
...
52 teeth.
roller,
...
78
teeth.
...
...
...
40
teeth.
...
...
...
32
teeth.
...
...
Note.
For
for drafts,
(fee.
80
Scale ^.
SPECIFICATION
6'
4',
FINISHERS.
SPECIFICATION
Cylinder
AND SPEEDS OF
4 Workers, 4 Strippers,
1 DoflFer,
81
(SINGLE DOFFER).
...
...
Wheel
Seats on Workers,
14
Feeder,
Drawing
>i
n
H
Keller,
Delivery Roller,
Tin Rollers,
>i
Note.
n
H
H
Doffer,
II
II
...
and 4
i>
and 2 Strippers, 1^
ji
...
...
Cylinder Ring,
Nos.
3 and 4
Worker,
Under Wood.
Over Wood.
43^
48" dia.
49^"
11
..
12
11
10
im" dia.
1^/^
cir.
of pina.
155 21"
cir.
37-69
38-38
31-41
3210
10^^
,,
.,
8tV
2513
26-11
14^
1-Vir
46-73
47-61
3f
11-78
12-95
H
10
= 81-41
Roller,
= 12-56
Delivering Roller,
= 12-56
Plaiding Roller,
= 12-56
Tin Rollers
dia.
Centre to Centre
Over Staves.
54-33"
...
Drawing
to Centre
of pins.
Over Staves.
11
Doffer,
dia.
cir.
and 8
dia. = 25" 13
cir.
82
ISO X 155-2
Feed
roller i^"
27937-80 inches
= 23281 5
feet, surface
Cyl. pin-
104
9-46 X
Nos.
104 X
and 4 Workers
1, 2, 3,
90
= 1225070
2-95
_ =946
S^^-"
= 26"-ll
circumference
Cyl. Pin.
33 X 26 X 84 X 46
180 X 50 X
qt;
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
8-49 X 26-11
Nos.
and
= 221 6739
^ .
= 8-49
inches
,.
per
revolutions of workers ^
= 18-4728
feet, surface
mmute.
33"-38 circumference.
on end of
,,
18
,,
,,
= 5373-20
inches
and
= 447-76
feet, surface
= 32"- 10
circumference.
,,
on end
180 X
i|=
of
15^^^-"
,,
168 X 32-l0
Doffer
15
,,
= 5392-80
inches= 449 40
feet,
= 47"-61
circumference.
Cyl. pin-
180 X 50 X 23 X 26
;;7r
=^
^-T
75 X 60 X 84
14-23 X 47 61
,
1 4-23
= 677 4903
i
ic j a
minute.
revolutions of doner per
'
inches
= 65-4575
feet, surface
AND SPEEDS OP
SPECIFICATION
FINISHERS.
83
180 X
fj=
120 X 12'56
= 1607'2
inches
= 125
23
= ,,^
115
..-,
,.
1,
12"-66 circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
180 X 50 X
iiiches
= 120"36
feet,
12"-56 circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
180 X 50 X .'?2 X 32 X 46
75
TfTi
tttj
7^,
X 48
104
X 104
X 90
907 X
No.
12-56
= 1139192
= 9.
,.
-j-
inclies
= 9 4932
feet, surface
n
roller
per
r
minute.
180
X 50 X 23 X 26 X 84 X 46 X 84
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 76
'
9-38 X
31-4]
=2946258
inches
= 9-38
= 24-5521
revolutions of No.
feet,
lin roller
per minute.
180
X 50 X 23 X 26 x 84 x 46 x 73
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 60
10-32 X 25-13
= 2593416
inches
g^ ..^^i^tions of No. 2
= 21 '61 18
feet, surface
minute.
SPECIFICATION
84
180 X
Feed Roller
Nos.l,
2, 3,
'
Nos.
and
cyl.p.
104
180
and 2 Strippers
y'- P-
Nos. 3 and 4
yl-
180 X
Delivering Roller
Plaiding Roller
No.
No. 2
Tin Roller
Pv
per miuute.
-169802
= 100
:12
15
I.
Drawing Roller
oyl. P-
180 cyl
Doffer
FINISHERS.
X 32 X 32
X 104 X 90
""
'^
"
It ^ '^,
84 X 72 X 90
60 X f,
75 X 'f
WorkevB^^^ ^
'
'
AND SPEEDS OF
p. X 23 X 26
75 X 60 X 84
180 X cyl. p-
-284761
2-4
75
180 X cyl.
P- X 23
75 X 24
2-3
180 X cyl. p. X 32 x 32 x 46
104 X 104 X 90 X 48
180 X cyl.p. X 23 X 26 X 84 X 46 X 84
75 X 60 X 81 X Ti x 90 x 76
181459
187676
'206593
Cylinder Pinion
40 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Feet.
Cylinder
Sj't^ed of
per minute.
Feed Roller
Cylinder Pinion
42 Teeth,
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
46 Teeth.
Cylinder Pinion
44 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Surface
Speed.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
2328-15
ISO
2328 16
180
232815 ISO
81735
7-5739
8-6821
7-9526
8-9908
8-3313
9 3995
18.7100
14-7782
6-7920
15-5)71
7-1316
16-2560
7-4712
16-9949
447-76
140-
447-76
140-
447-76
140-
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Feet.
Feet.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
60 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Feet.
Feet.
Revs.
Feet.
180
2328-15
180
2328 15
180
2338-16
180
2328-16
180
8082
90887
10-2169
9-4674
10 6256
9-8461
11-0342
10-2248
11-4429
10-6035
11-8516
10-9822
12-2603
11-3609
7-8108
17-7339
8-1504
18-4730
8-4901
19-2119
8-S297
19-9508
91693 20-6897
9-5089
21-4286
9 8486
22-1676
10-1881
447-76
140-
447-76
Ho-
447-76
Ho-
447-76
Ho-
447 76
140--
447-76
Ho-
447-76
140-
447-76
140-
449-40
les-
449-40
les
449-40
les
449-40
168-
449-40
les-
449-40
168-
449-40
169-
13-6685
56-4892
14-2380
58-7487
14-8075
61-00S2
16-3770
63-2681
18-9466
65-5276
16-5161
67-7871
17-0866
Noa. 3 4;4
449-40
168-
449-40
168-
449-40
168-
449-40
168-
Doffer
45-1914
11-3904
47-4509
11-9699
49 7103
12-6294
61-9702
130990 54-2297
Surface
Speed.
Cylinder Pinion
58 Teeth.
2328-15
Nos.
Feet.
Revs.
Cyliader Pinion
56 Teeth.
180
& 2 Strippers
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
54 Teeth.
2328-15
2328-15
ISO
'
Workers
1
Surface
Speed.
Cylinder Pinion
52 Teeth.
180
2328-15
,,
Revs.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Cylinder Pinion
50 Teeth.
Cylinder PinioD
48 Teeth.
Drawing Roller
,,
100-48
96
105-504
100-8
110 528
105-6
115-552
110-4
120-676
116-2
125-60
120-0
130-624
124-8
186-648
129-6
140-672
134-4
145-696
139-2
150-72
144-0
Delivering Roller
96-29
92-0
101-108
96-6
105-922
101-2
110-737
105-8
115-552
110-4
120-36
116-0
125-181
119-6
129-996
1-24-2
1.34-810
128-8
139-625
133-4
144-44
138-0
Plaiding Roller
7 6970
7-2583
7-9768
7-6212
8-3566
7-9841
8-7366
8-3471
9-1164
8-7100
9-4963
9 0729
9-8761
9-4358
10-2559
9-7987
10-6359
10-1617
110167
10-5246
11-3955
10-8876
No.
19-6496
7-5070
20-6319
7-8823
21 6145
8-2677
22-5968
8-6330
235794 9-0084
24-6620
9-3838
25 5444
9-7691
26-6'270
10-1345
27-6094
10-5098
28-4920
10-8862
29-4743
11-2605
9-5198
20-6028
21-6695
10 3476
22'6363
10-7615
23 4031
11-1764
24-2699
11-6893
26-1367
12-0032
260034
12-4171
Tin Roller
No. 2
17-3357
8-2781
18-2024
8-6920
19-0692
9-1059
19-9360
9-9337
some
cases
CYLINDER PINION
The Speed
of the
Feed Roller
Nos. 3
&
&
TEETH.
to the Cylinder is as
Workers
Nos.
50
to
,,
227 8724
126-0297
2 Strippers,
5-1995
5-1805
Doffer
41-2140
Drawing Roller
185362
Delivering Roller
19-3432
2451G39
Plaiding Roller
No.
No.
Tin Cylinder
Workers
,,
to Nos.
to
and 2 Strippei-s
Nos. 3 and 4
,,
94-7866
107-4390
24-2386
24-3273
84
Nc
AND SPEEDS OF
SPECIFICATION
The Speed
Speed of
Cylinder.
of the
Cyl.
86
FINISHERS.
under
Worker
Pm.
180 X 40 X 23 X 26 x 84 change pinion
90
X
75 X 60 X 84 X 72
^ .^^^g.
^kaq
^^^^^
Pinion.
Constant No. with a 40 T. Cylinder
^
.,
"
"
AO
*^
180 X 44 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
=-16241
"
44
180 X 46 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
16980
46
180 X 48 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
=-17718
"
48
180 X 50 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
7o X bO X 4 X 72 X 90
18456
50
180 X 52 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
^ -19195
"
52
"^
=19933
"
54
=-90671
"
"
56
180 x 58 X 23 X 26 X 84 x P.P.
75 X 6(1 X 84 X 72 X 90
=-21409
"
"
58
180 X 60 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
76 X bO X 84 X 72 X 90
=-22148
"
60
"
SPECIFICATION
87
Shell to Cylinder,
Feed Roller
to Shell,
No. 16
Cylinder,
,,
No.
TU
Worker
14
to Cylinder,
16
16
16
Setting of Finisher
1
,,
16
Stripper
16
16
16
16
Strippers,
10
DofFer to Cylinder,
Drawing
10
Roller,
SPECIFICATION OF PINS.
Pitch.
Staves.
Rows.
Pins.
Size of Pins.
Length
of
Pins out.
Cylinder
71" X 48"
Feed Roller,
71
No.
and 2 Strippers,
3 aud 4
,,
and 2 Workers,
and 4
Doffer,
,,
t'
f
7
120
186
14,
1^-
X tV
30
82
14,
H-
36
63
>,
15,
30
63
,.
14,
^
A
Te
X
X
No. 15,
71
X 11
71
71
TS
30
75
,,
15,
34
11
140
16,
71
71
X 14
Tl"
1"
55
sV"
f
7
SPECIFICATION
Pulleys, 24", Cylinder Pinion,
4
xlOi X 96 X 96
75 X 32 X 28 X
89
4i=
1.
.,
lo.o,^^,
13-8306 draft.
c.p.
c. p.
=2-2243 draft between doffer and drawing roller. This draft is only necessary
4 X 60 X 84
fo'' tlie delivery of material between doffer and drawing roller, but is not
23 X 26 X 15ijV
c.p. dia. of doflf.
required in working out the draft between the feed and drawing roUersOhange Pinions
20
2-8916
Drafts
22
2-3287
24
2-4096
26
2-2243
4 X 104 X 96 X 96
75 X 30 X
X
c.p.
4
75
c.p.
96
75 X 38 X
c.p.
96
387-25818
32
364-47828
34
= 344-22949
^1
4*
36
= 326-11215
38
= 309-80654
40
4|
c.p.
4 X 104 X 96 X
X 36 X
X
c.p.
c.p.
c.p.
4 X 104 X 96 X 96
X
4|
75 X 40 X
o.p.
30 T. change pinion on
c.p.
75 X 34 X
75
SOT.
1-9277
c.p.
X 104 X
X 32 X
o.p.
28
2 0654
c.p.
DRAFTS.
CHANGE PINIONS ON
Change Pinion
on
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40 T.
30 Teeth
20-6540
18-7764
17-2117
15-8877
14 7528
137693
12-9087
12-1494
11-4744
10-8705
10-3270
32
19-3629
17-6026
161357
14 8915
13 8306
12-9086
12-1018
11-3899
10-7571
10-1910
9-6814
34
18 2239
16-5671
15-1865
14-0183
130170
12-1492
11-3899
10-7199
10-1243
9-5915
91119
36
,,
17-2114
15-6467
14-3428
13-2395
12-2939
11-4743
10-7571
10 1243
9-5619
9-0586
8-6057
38
16-3056
14-8232
13-5880
12-5427
11-6468
10-8704
10-1910
9-5915
9-0586
8-5816
S-1528
40
,,
15-4903
14-0821
12-9086
11-9156
11-0645
10-3268
9-6814
9-1119
8-6057
8-1528
7-7451
90
SPECIFICATION
Cylinder
6'
4'
Pulleys,
4 Workers, 4 Strippers,
...
...
...
...
Doffer,
Feeder,
Drawing
I)
dia.
H
H
H
Workers,
'
Roller, li"
Delivering
IJ
,,
Tin Rollers,
1^
Under
wood.
43^"
Cylinder Ring,
Nos.
14
Wheel
Nos. 3 and 4
Worker
Doflfer
Feeder
...
))
,,
Rings
,,
))
(SINGLE Dofper).
8J
7
H
11
dia.
Over wood.
Over
4" dia.
49"
,.
11
,.
staves.
llf
9|
,,
14
,.
HI
dia.
,.
.-
Centre to
Centre of pina.
49j-V' dia.
m
m
= 1256
=12-56
=12-56
Drawing
my own
8tV
..
15x\
31
meaeurements.
>.
They
differ,
Over
Centre to
Centre of pins.
staves.
153-50"
cir.
154-90"
cir.
37'30
38-09
31-02
31-80
26-11
25-13
46-73
48-10
11-38
12-56
25-13" circumference.
however, very
little
from a Fairbairn
AND SPEEDS OF
SPECIFICATION
FINISHERS.
91
KT 193"68
193 68 X
= 30001 -032
54-9
Feed Roller
= 2500'086
ins.
Cyl. Pin.
193-68 X 50 X 32 X 32
,.
,_
?^= lO'lo
10'18 X 12-56
Nos.
1, 2, 3,
= 127-8608
ins.
<
n
revolutions of teed roller
per minute.
^
,
T7J1
TTTi
104
X 104
X 90
,.
-,
4.
= 2611"
circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
T
,
23 X 26 X 84 X 46
,
minute.
=7;
ir7,= 9-13 revolutions or workers per
^7;
^,
^
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 50 X
=r=
X 26-11
9 13
Nos.
and
= 238-3843
2 Strippers 12^"
ins.
= 19-86
Ya
1^*^
150-64 X 38-09
6^ revolutions of
= 5737-8776
ins.
Nos
38-09" circumference.
= 478-1564
14
15"
= 180-76
180-76 X 31-80
Doffer
IS-j^e"
= 5748-168
ins,
= 48-10
circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
193-68 X
50 X 23 X 26
76 X 60 X 84
15-32 X 48-10
^g.
= 736-8920
3^ revolutions
ins.
= 61-4076
per minute.
of doffer ^
SPECIFICATION
92
Drawing Roller
4" diameter
12-56" circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
129-12 X 12-56
1621-7472
ins.
= 1351456
= 12-56"
feet
circumference.
Cyl. Pin.
193-68 X 50 X ^^^123-74
revolutions of delivering roller per minute.
75 X 24
123-74 X 12-56
1554'1744
ins,
= 129"5145
feet
Cyl. Pin.
193-68 X 50 X 32 x 32 x 46
104 X 104 X 90 X 4o
9 76 X 12'56
No.
= 122 5856
ins.
^ g .^ g
minute.
revolutions of plaiding
1
1
o roller per
= 10-2154
feet
193-68
X 50 X 23 X 26 X 84 X 46 x 84_^.^,q rg^oi^tions of
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 76
10-09 X 31-41
= 316-9269
ins.
= 26-4105
feet
No.
3" circumference.
No. 2 Tin Roller 8" diameter = 25-1
Cyl. Pin
193-68 X
50 X 23 X 26 X 84 X 46 X 73
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 60
11-11 X 25-13
= 279-1943
ins.
^^.^^ revolutions
of
No, 2 tin
roller per
minute.
Cylinder Pinion
42 Teeth.
Cylinder Pinion
40 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Surface
Speed.
ReTB.
Feed Roller
Workers
Nos.
Nob.
2 Strippers
3&4
,,
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Revs.
Feet.
Cylinder Pinion
48 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
60 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Cylinder Pinion
62 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
56 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Feet.
Cylinder Pinion
58 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
60 Teeth.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
2500-086
193-68
2500 086
193-68
2500-086
193-68
2500-086
193-68
2500 086
193-68
2600-086
193-68
2500-086
193-68
193-68
2500-086
193-68
2500-086
193-68
8-6294
8-149
8-9559
8-556
9-3824
8-964
9-809
9-371
10-2353
9-779
10-66
10-186
11-0883
10-593
11-5148
11-001
11-9412
11-408
12-3677
11-816
12-7942
12-223
16-9
7-308
16-696
7-673
17-491
8-038
18-2861
8-404
19-0811
8769
19-8761
9-135
20-6712
9-600
21-4662
9-865
22-2613
10-231
23-0563
10-696
23-8513
10-962
150-64
478-1564
150-64
478-1564
150-64
478-1664
150-64
478-1564
150-64
478-1664
150-64
478-1664
150-64
478-1664
150-64
478-1664
150 64
478-1664
ISO 64
478-1564
160-64
139-88 14440024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
479014
180-76
479-014
180-76
Feet.
Cylinder Pinion
54 Teeth.
Feet.
2600-086
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Surface
Speed.
Revs.
Cylinder Pinion
46 Teeth.
Cylinder Pinion
44 Teeth.
Feet.
193-68 2500-086
Feet.
13"
,,
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
139-88
444-0024
14"
479-014
180-76
479-014
180-76
479-014
180-76
479-014
180-76
479-014
180-76
479-014
18076
479-014
180-76
479-014
180-76
479-014
13"
.,
444-8184
167-866
444-8184
167-866 444-8184
167-856 444-8184
167-856
444-8184
167-S56 444-8184
167-856
444-8184
61-6824
12-868
13-481
14-094
68 9514
15-932
66-3204
167-856 444-8184
167-856 444-8184
Feet.
180-76
167-856 444-8184
Feet.
Doffer
,,
49-1261
12-256
61-4078
16-320
63-8641
Drawing Roller
,,
1081164
103-296
13-5223 108-4608 118 9281 113-6256 124 3339 118-7904 129-7397 123-9552 135-1456
129-12
140-5514 134-2848 145-9572 139-4496 151-3630 144-6144 |l56-768S 149-7792 1621747 154-944
Delivering Roller
,,
103-6116
98-992
OS -7922 103-9416 113 9727 108-8912 119-1633 113-8408 124-3339 118-7904 129-5145
Plaiding Roller
No.
No. 2
8-174
Tin Roller
,,
54-0387
56 4951
14-707
10-627
10-153
11-035
10-5435
11-444
10-934
11-863
11-3245
12-202
11-715
8-8822
24 306
9-2860
25-362
9-6897
26-4191
100935
27-476
10-4972
28-533
10-9009
29-690
11-3047
30-646
11-7084
31-703
12-1122
9-78076
21-413
10-22635
22-344
10 66992
23-275
11-1145
24-206
11-55908
25-137
12-00366
23-068
26-999 |l2-e9282
2T930
13-3374
22-192
8-4785
23-249
18-620
8-8916
19-661
9-33618
20-482
(13'
Nos. 3
&
4 Strippers (14'
..
(13-
..
Doflfer
Drawing Roller
128-6896 139-8757 133-6392 145-0563 138-6888 1160-2369 143-6384 155-4175 148 -488
134-6951
9-7626
8-0748
18 384
123-74
21-136
&
73-6895
10-2183
8-591
17-771
9 372
8-991
N03
71-2331
9-809
8-2
Workers
17-158
8-9815
8-683
of the
68-7768
9-400
7-81
The Speed
16-645
is
as
12
44824
Pinion 50 teeth.
to
234-529
125-783
5-228
No.
6-630
No. 2
5-219
5-620
40712
18-499
The Speed
Plaiding Roller
Workers
Tin Cylinder
to Nos.
Nos. 3
&
&
19302
244-667
107-415
,,
24-056
22-338
24-1
22-379
(13"
4 Strippers (14"
(13"
94 631
SPECIFICATION
1, 2, 3,
'
'
x 23 x 26 x 84 x 46
-18,270
i",.4iu
...193-68 x C. pin.
jQ.^g
x C. pin.
jg.gjg
and 4 Workers
and 2 Strippers
Nos.
3and4
193-68 xc.p.
75x60x84x72x90
I9.^-68
Doflfer
193-68 x C. pin, x 23 x 26
75 X 60 x 84
.gOg^
Drawing Keller
193-68 x C. pin.
2-5824
193-68 x C. pin, x 23
2.^7^8
Plaiding
^ Roller
193-68 x C. pin, x 32 x 32 x 46
104x104 X 90 X 48
-19,525
'
No.
193-68 x C.p. x 23 x 26 x 84 x 46 x 84
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 76
-20,187
193-68 X C.p. X 23 X 26 X 84 X 46 X 73
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90 X 60
.22
Delivering Roller
jJq 2
Tin Roller
"
"
94
32 x 32
104 X 104 X 90
'
Nos.
FINISHERS.
Feed Roller
Nos.
AND SPEEDS OF
'
229
"
"
'
"
"
"
95
Speed
of
Cylinder.
affecting
Cyl.
Pin.
wn,)...
^orKer.
193-6S X 40 X 2S x 26 x 84 x
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 x 90
75 x 60 x S4 X 72 X 90
= -15,681
42
17,476
44
^
^^^
-'''-'^
"
19,064
48
19,859
50
20,653
52
193-68 X 44 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X aO
19368 X 46 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
193-68 X 48 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 50 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 52 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193^68 X 54 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
_.g, ..
^1>**'
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 56 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 58 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P-
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
193-68 X 60 X 23 X 26 X 84 X C.P.
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
75 X 60 X 84 X 72 X 90
g,
i.
_.oo
g^g
-''^'^'^^'^
"
= -23,036
58
,,
60
-23,830
eg
REVOLUTIONS AND SURFACE SPEEDS UNDER DIFFERENT WORKER AND CYLINDER CHANGE PINIONS.
WORKER CHANGK
Cylinder
Pinion.
40 Teetb
36
38
5-71932
6-03706
40
6-3548
42
44
46
48
6-67254
6-99028
7-30802
7-62576
50
7-9435
PINIONS.
52
54,
56
58
8-26124
8-57898
8-89672
9-21446
60
9-5322
62
64
66
68
70
111209
12-44428 13-13563 13-82698 14-51833 15-20968 15-90103 16-59238 17-28373 1797508 18-66642 19-35777 20-04912 20-74047 21 43182 22 12317 2281452 23-50587 24-19722
12
600516
6-33878
6-67240
7-00602
7-33964
7-67326
800688
8 34050
8-67412
9-00774
9-34136
13-06622 13 79212 14-51803 15-24393 1696983 16-69573 17-42163 1814753 1887343 19-69934 20-32524 21-05114 21-77704 22-60294 23-22884 23-95474 24-68066 25-40655
14
..
6-29136
6-64088
6-99040
7-33992
7-68944
8-03896
8-38848 8-733800
9-08752
9-43704
13-68895 14-44944 15-20994 15-97044 16-73093 17-49143 18-25193 19-01243 19-77292 20-53342 21-29392 22-05442 22-81491 2367541 24-33591 25-09640 25-85690 26-61740
46
6-57720
6-9426
14 31089 15-10594
48
6-86304
7-24432
7-3080
8-0388
7-6734
8-4042
8-7696
9-135
9-5004
98658
10-2312
105966
10-962
11-3274
11-6928
12-0582
7-62560
8 00688
8-38816
8-76944
9-15072
9-532
14-93283 15-76243 16-59203 17-42163 18-25123 19 08083 1991044 20-74004 21-56964 22-39924 23-22884 24-05844 24 88805 25-71765 26-54725 27-37685
50
714924
754642
12-4236
12-789
1590098 16-69603 17-49108 18-28613 19-08118 19-87623 20-67128 21-46633 22-26133 23 05643 23-86147 24-64662 25-44157 26-23662 27-03167 27-82672
7-94360
8-34078
8-73796
913614
9-53232
13 3448
2820645 29 03606
9-92950 1032668 10-72386 11-12104 11-51822 11-91540 12-31258 12-70976 1310694 13 60412 18-90130
15-55555 16-41975 17-28394 18-14814 1901234 19 97654 20-74073 21-60493 22-46913 23-33333 24-19752 25-06172 25-92592 26-79012 27 65431 28-61851 29-38271 3024691
52
7-43508
7-84814
8 26120
8-67426
9-08732
9-60038
9-91344 10-32650 10-73956 U-15262 1166568 11-97874 12-89180 12-80486 13-21792 13-63098 14 04404 14-46710
16-17749 1707624 17-97499 18-87374 19-77249 20 67124 21-56999 22-46874 23-36749 24-26624 2516499 26-06374 26-96249 27-86124 28-75999 29-66874 30-55749 31-45623
54
7-72092
8-14986
8-57880
900774
56
8-00712
8-45196
8-89680
9-34164
43668
9-86562 10-29456
14
58396 15 01290
53264 21-46594 22-39924 23-33254 24-26585 25-19915 2613245 27-06576 27-99905 28-93236 29-86666 30-79896 81-73226 32-66556
1-121C0 1156584 1201068 1245552 12-90036 13 34620 13-79004 1423488 14-67972 1512466 15 56940
17-42215 18-39005 19-35795 20-32585 2129374 22-26164 23-22954 24-19744 25-16534 2613323 27-10113 2806903 2903693 30-00482 30-97272 31 94062 32-90852 33 87641
58
8 29296
8-75368
9-21440
9-67512
1-51800 1197872 12-48944 1290016 13-36088 13-82160 14-28232 14 74304 15-20376 15-66448 16-12520
18-04409 1904654 20-04899 2105144 22-05389 23-06634 24-05879 2506124 2606369 27-06614 2806859 29 07104 3007349 31-07594 32-07839 3308084 34-08329 35-08574
60
8-5788
90554
9-5320
10-0086
10-4852
10-9618
11-4384
11-9150
12-3916
12-8682
133448
138214
14-2980
14 7746
16-2512
15-7278
16-2044
16-6810
18-66603 19-70364 20 74004 21-77704 22-81404 23-85104 24-88805 25-92505 26-96205 27-99905 29 03605 3007306 31 11006 32-14706 33-18406 34-22106 35-25807 36 29507
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed iu Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed iu Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed iu Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
Revolutions
Surface Speed in Feet
SPECIFICATION
AND SPEEDS OP
FINISHERS.
97
Shell to Cylinder,
Feed Roller
16
to Shell,
No. 16
Cylinder,
,,
Worker
14
No.
No.
14
No. 3
16
No. 4
16
to Cylinder,
Setting of Finisher
No
1 Stripper,
No. 2
14
,,
16
No. 3
16
No. 4
16
16
Doffer to Cylinder,
14
Doflfer to
Drawing
10
Roller,
SPECIFICATION OF PINS.
71" X
Cylinder,
48"
120
55
186
No. 14
1'
14
14
14
71
2i
71
11
30
82
71
11
30
82
>,
No. 3
71
36
63
15
No. 4
71
36
63
..
15
71
30
63
13
If
71
30
75
,,
14
No. 3
71
30
75
No. 4
71
'7
30
75
71
14
34
11
140
Feed Roller,
No.
1 Stripper
...
No. 2
No.
Worker
No. 2
DoflEer,
...
,.
14
li
,,
14
16
i"B-
SPECIFICATION
98
FINISHER.
Pulleys 24", Cylinder Pinion 50 Teeth, Stripper Driving Pulley 94" diameter, 10 ends into
X 104 X 104 X 90
4"
32 X
75 X
32 X
4
c.p.
1.
12-675 draft.
c.p.
4 X 60 X 84
23 X 26 X 15i5
roller.
dia. of doffer
c.p.
is only necessary for the delivery of material between doffer and drawing
working out the draft between the feed and drawing roller.
This draft
Change
4 X
75 X
20
22
24
26
28
2-8856
2-6233
2-4047
2-2197
2-0611
Pifiions
Drafts
104 X 104 X 90
30
4
c.p.
SOT
4 X 104 X 104 X 90
X
36
4
38
Pinion.
34
360-533
36
341-557
38
3-24-48
40
4
c.p.
104
X 90
:
75
c.p.
T Change
c.p.
4 X 104 X 104 X 90
4 X 104 X
X
40
30
c.p.
75
c.p.
32
4 X 104 X 104 X 90
= 381-741
X
34
4
75 X
not required in
C.p.
75
c.p.
is
c.p.
4 X 104 X 104 X 90
= 405-6
32
4
c.p.
but
1-9237
75 X
c.p.
roller,
c.p,
DRAFTS.
CHANGE PINIONS ON
Change Pinions
on
20
22
24
30 Teeth
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40 T.
21-632
19-6636
18-0266
16-64
16-4514
14-4213
13-52
12-7247
12-0177
11-3852
10-816
32
20-28
18-4363
16-9
15-6
14-4857
13-62
12-675
11-9294
11-2666
10-6736
1014
34
19-087
17-3518
15-9058
14-6823
13-6336
12-7247
11-9-294
11-2-276
10-6039
10-0458
9-5435
36-
18 0266
16-3878
16-0222
13-8666
12-8761
120177
11-2666
10-6039
10-0148
9-4876
9-0133
38
17-0778
15-5253
4 -2315
131368
12-1984
11-3852
10-6736
10-0457
9-4876
8-9883
8-5389
40
,,
16-224
14-749
13-52
12-48
11-5585
10-816
10-14
9-5435
9-0133
8-5389
8112
LAP MACHINE.
99
LAP MACHINE.
End
^-th.
28" dia.
Bowl
I" dia.
16 teeth.
60
Stud pinion,
12 teeth.
Wheel
Eack
...
teeth.
84 teeth.
11 teeth.
pinion,
LAP MACHINE.
End
Rack
100
14 teeth.
11 teeth.
pinion,
D Worm
. .
bell,
90
teeth.
100
to
teeth.
Speed Pulleys,
300 revolutions.
Friction Plate,
28" dia,
Ball,
Bevel Pinion,
Wheel,
Spur pinion,
Wheel,
7"
16 teeth.
60
teeth.
12 teeth.
84
on
ball.
100
LAP MACHINE.
LAP MACHINE.
End Elevation showing Driving End.
Scale ^th.
LAP MACHINE.
End Elevation showing End
TO Driving Pulleys.
Scale, |th.
opposite
101
to
a Fairbairn
Specification.
NAME OF ROLLER.
wood.
staves.
Cylinder
ft.
Feeder
ins.
Workers
4-l|
Dia. to centre
of pins.
4.
Ill
101
7 ins.
2 Strippers
11 ins.
12i
Doffer
14
15
ins.
12-1
5tV
4-H
4-1^1
Cylinder
Feeder
2^- ins.
3|
7 ins.
St%
...
11 ins.
12
12/^
7 ins.
S/tt
...
9 ins.
10
10^
14
15^\
1st
1st
14
ft.
ins.
102
Cylinder
ft.
4-l|
4-11^
19|
20
14 ins
iH
151
Strippers
14
ins.
iH
15f
1st Doffer
14
ins,
15
15t^f
2ad Dofier
14
ins.
14f
15A
18^
Feeder
Workers
...
ins.
Cylinder
Feeder
ft.
4 ins.
...
4-li
4-lH
14
ins.
15
15fV
1st Stripper
14
ins.
15
15^V
4 ins.
15
15^
1st
Worker
14
ins.
15
153^
1st Doffer
14
ins.
14|
15^V
2nd Doffer
14
ins.
14|
15i
...
DETAILS OF COVERING.
103
DETAILS OF COVERING.
{Recommended by Fairbairn).
No. of
NAME OF ROLLER.
w.g.
Total
length of
Length
Pitch of Pins.
pins.
of pins
out.
f and 1
Cylinder
12
Feeder
12
Tif
2 Workers
13
J^
iV and
2 Strippers
13
Doffer
14
and ,V
|and|
1
and 1
i
5
IS
Cylinder
...
14
M and M
Feeder
...
13
11
II and il
M and H
U and if
tV and
1st
13
1st
13
14
n
H
n
14
11
...
15
and 1
^%
t
t\
7
32
1%
^V
and il
ls%
DETAILS OF COVERING.
104
Cylinder
...
Feeder
1st
1st
iVand,^
15
14
li
1 and f
14
n
n
H
n
1 and 1
i\
TW and /e
T5"
iV and
tV
...
14
...
15
15
DofFer
16
T-\
and f
tV and i
^5^
9
Cylinder
...
Feeder
2
Workers
2 Strippers
Doflfer
11
11
12
12
13
n
n
n
H
H
1 and 1
i and J
32-
i and
i
33f
13
13
h and ^
TB and T%
1 1
3^
DETAILS OF COVERING.
105
Cylinder
...
Feeder
13
12
u
n
H
H
n
1st
12
1st
13
3rd Worker
13
3id Stripper
14
Dofifer
15
h and i
tV and
^,
a2
To and iV
aa
and
1 aud f
s
ITT
iV and iV
1 and 1
DETAILS OF COVEEING
DOUBLE DOFFER BREAKER CARD FOR WEFTS.
NAME OF
Cylinder
...
Feeder
2
Workers
ROLLER.
No.
of w.g.
Total
length of
Length
Pitch of Pins.
of pins
out.
i and f
1^
pins.
12
12
H
H
iV and iV
iV and iV
13
2 Strippers
13
i and i
1st Doffer
14
f and f
2nd Doffer
15
and
^%
^\
DETAILS OF COVERING.
106
Cylinder
Feeder
13
Is
Worker
13
1 3
ana
33 ,,/!
1st Stripper
13
M and il
3^
1st
M and i|
if and H
1
-^-^
a2
i
r.
10
7
...
14
fandf
iV
...
14
iV and iV
7
ir2
IstDoffer
15
il and i^
^\
2nd Defer
16
i\ and i\
Cylinder
15
Feeder
^\ and iV
32
fandf
f and 1
Ifi
14
IJ-
Worker
14
1st Stripper
14
n
n
iV and iV
32
1st
...
15
i\ and ,%
iV
...
15
f and f
/2
9
1st Doffer
16
IF and i
32
2ndDoffer
17
iandj
and
finisher
is
Breaker,
|"
j\" pitch.
123
Feed
38 pins, No. 12
staves, 7 rows,
1".
cover, 71" x
36
54 pins, No. 12
staves, 6 rows,
l^-
45
(2)
Worker
staves, 5 rows,
47 pins. No. 13
1".
30 staves, 7 rows, 47
pins.
No. 12
1|".
1|-".
jV
^y
pitch.
123
staves, 9 rows,
54 pins, No.
14 |".
1^".
107
108
x 11";
x /g" pitch.
{/
x 9"
y\" x
^"
^".
pitch.
Worker
yV
f".
x |" pitch.
Worker
covers, 71"
30 staves, 8 rows, 63
Doflfer cover,
If".
pins,
No. 141^".
1".
6'
4'
cylinder.
123
Feeder cover, 71" x 18^"; yV' ^ tV" pi*'''^3 rounds of 23 staves each.
IjV'.
1^".
1".
Worker
covers, 71"
x 14";
x f" pitch.
3 rounds of 17 staves each.
-|"
If".
14"; |" x
-|"
109
pitch.
1|".
|".
pins.
No. 14
1^".
(3)
Worker
|".
covers, 71"
x 14";
|" pitch.
f" x
3 rounds of 17 staves each.
14"
;
|" x
^V
1".
1".
pitch.
Note.
All the
this
is
owing
to
is
J" thick.
in three lengths.
This
is
it
can
less trouble.
All the staves should be made of the very best beech that can be had,
thoroughly clean, free from knots, and well seasoned should be in stock at
;
All the rollers of breakers and finishers should be picked and brushed
thoroughly with a steel reenge once a week.
The "shrouding," that is the cast iron 'plate at both ends of cylinder,
should always be kept as close as possible, say barely Jj-th clear ; this also
helps to keep the ends of all the roller covers clean.
110
Dimensious
If".
16^1 J".
Feeder
No.
Stripper
No. 161^".
Worker
No.
16 1 J".
DoflFer
No.
16 1|".
and
many
other
written upon the subject that it has not been possible to gather up
practical men's opinions as to what has been generally found to be
best, and thereby form a general rule for the course to be adopted
and
if
jute
machinery
it
in learning their
DETAILS OF COVERING.
Ill
DETAILS OF COVEEING.
UP STRIKER SINGLE DOFPER BREAKER FOR WEFTS.
No.
NAME OF ROLLER.
Total
length of
of
W.g.
Length
Pitch of Pins.
pins.
Cylinder
11
H"
1" X
Feeder"
11
2 Workers
12
If
2 Strippers
12
Doffer
13
H
n
X i
13
i.
X J
'
11"
33
16
of pins
out.
3-3
11
2
rh
'
YTf
...
Feeder
13
I"
12
11
^4
1st
12
1st
13
li
U
H
3rd Workers
13
3rd Strippers
Doffer
15
1st
Sheet
2nd
3rd
4th
38
30
30
staves,
30
10
15
20
11
,,
, >
22
, ,
21
78
If.
10 If.
12 If.
14 li.
16-li.
IB-
I.
112
BREAKER COVERING.
BREAKER COVERING.
Stripper Cover 71" x 11"; ^" x ^" pitch.
5 rows,
47 pins
No.
13, 1".
BREAKER.
Worker Cover 71" x
12, If"
BREAKER COVERING.
113
BREAKER.
Cylinder Cover 71" x 48"; f" x
j^^"
staves, 7 rows,
pitch.
38 pins
No.
12,
BEEAKER COVERING.
114
BREAKER.
Feeder Cover 71" x 9";
j^g"
^'g"
staves, 6 rows,
pitch.
54 pins
UT'Tl'l
No.
12,
No.
14, 1^"
<;
A.
(^
BREAKER.
Doffer Cover 71" x 14"; f" x yV'-
i J J J
>,k J
r.4
A
A
A
A
Is
A
A
A
A
FINISHER COVERING.
115
FINISHER
Cylinder Cover (Single Doffer) 71" x 48";
J/
staves, 9 rows.
x ^V' pitch.
64 pins
LA-AA^AJ.
o
o
o
o
o
L>
o
o
c>
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
AA
o
r>
^Cv
r>
l^^^ N
o
o
o
"^
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
a
o
o
r>
u>
o
o
o
o
L>
o
o
FINISHER COVERING.
116
FINISHER.
Feed Cover 71" x
Three rounds
of
^y
|" x
f" pitch.
0,0
No.
13, ll".
^
A'
u
A
"
A
u
(666
<^
..2._1
No.
14, f".
ft
FINISHER.
Stripper Cover 71" x
U"; // x ^V
staves, 6 rows,
pitch.
54 pins
r
A
,^6
6
A
6
6
6
lo
.i
L,
6<
6
6
S
\
<^
'^
>
^^
6
6
6
6
117
FINISHER COVERING.
FINISHER.
stripper Cover 71" x 9";
Three rounds
of
^"
x 3^" pitch.
r'T FJ
""
|".
"'
"h '
FINISHER.
Worker Cover 71" x
No.
13, If".
"I'l
rri
a .0
,0.0
>
!l
.8
.(]
PINISHEE COVERING.
118
FINISHER.
Worker Cover 71" x
V
Three rounds
of
7"
No.
14, 1^".
,<
FINISHER.
Dofifer
staves, 11 rows,
75 pins
No.
16, 1".
ii,A,t.
,
A, A, A, A,
A.A.AaA i,A
^ " A .0
I
i
A
Aii
4
i.A
aA.A.A
.4.
^^
A
,Ai.A
.A,
A
,A,A
A
119
No. 15
W.
Feed
1st
roller cylinder
worker
2nd worker
14
11
,.
12
2 strippers
16
Doffer
15
10
Drawing
roller
Pressing
...
Finisher.
Shell
Feed
roller
is
^"
2 workers
2
4 strippers
DofFer
Drawing
Leather
to \"
oflf
cylinder.
No. 15 W.G.
12
.,
14
16
,,
17
10
roller
...
No. 16, and bottom doffer No. 17. When the quantity passed over
a breaker is more than 12 tons, and over a finisher more than 6
tons, per week, the distance of pin points of rollers from cylinder
should be rather greater than indicated.
*NoTE.
2 inches long
and 3 inches broad, and should be stamped No. 10, 12, 14, 16, &c
according to their thickness B.W.G. ; if Worker and Stripper are to be
set No. 16 between, use No. 16 set, and so on.
,
120
dia.
= 12
roller
wheel
lOJ"
Speeds of Workkrs.
52 change
doffer
135
revs, per
88 doffer wheel
...
...
...
= 33 '5
ft.
per min.
dia.
"j
1=12
OJ"
Speeds of Workers.
40 change x
doffer
24 drawing
wheel x 190
roller pinion
28 stud pinion
88
revs, of cylinder
l=19'9
doffer
wheel x 72
= 44'3
ft.
per min.
DRAWING FRAMES.
121
DRAWING FRAMES.
The First Drawing, now most in use, is the push bar drawing,
and there is no doubt it has been a great success. It may be driven
at any speed within reason but it must not be too heavily laden,
;
or the fibre will incline to slide over the points of the pins.
With
a light load, so that the gill pins will go well up through the
material, it will make a thorough job, and do a fair quantity per
day of 10 hours say from 30 cwt. to 35 cwt. with two heads. It
works best with a single end over each gill, and the four ends run
DRAWING FRAMES.
122
work
to
Two
be done.
The
When
the teeth, hence the name push or slide drawing. To keep the
bars tight upon the top is imperative, and a pinion and coupling
has been arranged tor on this machine, so that if the bars wear a
little slack this slackness can be taken off.
The success of the push
drawing has been owing to the bars rising up straight at the back,
and they do this nearer to a spiral drawing than any other drawing
we have had before, consequently the less slackness you allow to
get upon the bars the nearer the perpendicular will the gill bar
pins rise through the sliver at the back end, which is the great
point to be desired.
is
will
DRAWING FRAMES.
123
If the bars
real guarantee that the screws, wipers, slides, &c., are mechanically
in good order,
Pm
Pitch
for Push Bar Drawing.This pin works both
heads of the drawing, and should not be more than No. 8 Birmingham
wire gauge second drawing pitch pin, which works only one of the
drawing heads, should not be more than No. 10 B.W.G., and the
roving pitch pins No. 15 B.W.G. If you work with these pins there
will not be much wrong with the gill bars before you will know it.
;
for illustration of
DRAWING FRAMES.
124
The number
The
"
cans
"
setts of eight at a
52
roving
is
32
is
21
22
Drawings.
made " hard
is
is
is
sometimes
called.
Pinion.
Draft.
Pinion
H
3
H
4
96
80
68
60
53
48
44
60
52
45
40
4|
5
^
6
H
3^
4
4i
40
36
30
28
5
6
26
37
H
6
H
7
n
8
H
9
H
10
Pinion.
64
58
53
49
46
43
40
38
36
34
32
125
First
Push
Bar.
hard-to-hard
_
X 56 X 74 X 50 X 23 X 32
o j
24x56x74x50x23x32
(3 )cra nEe X 20 X 34 X 39 X 40 x
pinion
^=
^
rollers
'*'^"
'80x20x34x39x40xlfg-^'"'
.,,,
teeth.
^ca a n
264-9
Constanti
Number
-\t
<.
i,
j:<.
^
for draft.
''
First
Br awing Push
Bar.
Leather
rollers
on round fluted
roller.
56x19x34x39x40x1}!
2^x76x74x50x23x32
Change
>,
19 ^ 34 ^
= nno
222-5k
39^ 40 ^l.
Constanti
r-
Drawing
hard-to-hard
/oi"\Z" X 18 X 120 X 27 X 15
* '22xl8x 52x15x3"
^3j^rxl82a202^27x^
^
^ '22x 18xc.p. X 15x3
_
"3
as
to
e
j rj.
for draft.
Circular.
r,
fluted rollers.
First
Draft arrangement
tvt
Number
rollers
roller
roller.
Constant
Number
for draft.
and retaining
126
First
Drawing
Circular.
rollers
on round fluted
roller.
3"
18
18
27
X
18
15
X
15
120
18
52
18
3"
120
18
X
'^pIS
15
and retaining
3"
27
Spiral.
43x25x25xlj-i
ch'a'^6
X 25 X 25 X
1-^
for draft.
3"
Second Drawing
2^ X 35 X 68 X 69
roller
roller.
Leather pressing
roller
on a plain or
^
aa A t^
^^8draft.
for draft.
fluted roller.
127
Drum Push
Pulleys
Drum
21"
14"
16"
Spiral
Pulleys
see plan.
6"
1
14"
Circular
Pulleys
Drum
Bar Drawing,
16"
,,
160 X
^=
is
With
a fair speed
drawing
from
1st Circular
lbs.
160 X
f^= 240
240 X
|-|
14/14^.
Dollop, 32/33
teeth.
J^ X
j^.^
= almost
Wheel per
minute.
240 X 14 X
Number
52 X 7
x^
= 364
as
to
Breaker,
Finisher,
Dollop,
ifec,
this
Then
This drawing, with two heads at this speed on bars, and with a
7i draft, will take the production from either of the 1st drawings,
Push Bar or Circular.
Note.
The
relations of speed
lbs.
roller
and
gill
bars on a
128
ThenRoving Drum,
35".
Rack
17".
Traverse
,,
28".
Weight
With
this
of rove,
72^/75
lbs.
per spindle.
10 hours.
25
160
222-2.
60
35
44
21
main shaft
of roving per
24
22
22
=213-5speedof
gill
16
24
22
38
l^J^
225
35
60
225
22
38
35
225
of
minute.
18
675 speed
14
22
^,
15249-6
-
= 15249-6
yds.
in 10 hours by engine.
lbs.
per
spyndle,
35 cwt. =3920
3920
p-
= 52
- =
56
lbs.
26 spyndles of rove at 75
lbs.
Engine production,
Actual
-933
Pitch of Gill
100
-117
Bar Screws
"05
-117
Difference,
1-05
Answer,
IM.
and
The screws
Fairbairn, ISTaylor,
|th or
for these
T5-th.
Eovings
Top screws have
Bottom
2'
0-8
,,
Top
Bottom 8'25x0-8
6'6
Total, 21'
gill bars in a
Bottom 7-875x0-8=
6-3
NoTB
For
illustrations of
head of roving.
see pages
129
PA.TENT CIRCULAR
DRAWING FRAME.
PATENT CIRCULAR
DRAWING FRAME.
Sectional Elevation showing
= ONE
Foot.
131
Scale, ^th,
Driving pinions,
36, 39,
and 42
..
...
...
...
...
..
78 teeth.
...
...
...
17 teeth.
Intermediate,
...
...
...
80
Drawing
...
...
...
18 teeth.
Stud wheel
...
...
46 teeth
Stud pinion
...
...
12 teeth.
Brush wheel,
...
...
80
teeth.
24
teeth.
roller pinion,
for
do.,
...
Wheel on
Wheel on
circle,
...
Intermediate for
Brush wheel,
Arrangement of Wheels
do.,
...
240 X 32 X
18 xC.P.
78 X 120 x 110
Number
...
18 teeth.
...
18 teeth.
...
18 teeth.
240 X 32 X
18 X
52
7g X 120 X 110
364 drops of
..
^.
revolutions of
gill
for
speed
teeth.
110 teeth.
...
...
...
teeth.
gill bars.
therefore,
52 x 7 =
132
Stud wheel,
Draught changes,
Wheel on
Wheel on
...
circle for
...
...
17 teeth.
...
...
...
120
..
...
...
26 to 60 teeth.
fallers,
...
110 teeth.
driving
teeth.
end,
...
...
...
Stud wheel
Stud pinion
for
Draft Aerangement
do.,
...
24 teeth.
...
27 teeth.
..
...
15 teeth.
...
...
15 teeth.
(34) 3
3 X 1-8 X 120 X 27 X 15
3= 171-8 constant No. for draft.
22 X 18 xC. P. X 25 X
Pressing rollers
18
3
18
X 18 X 120 X 27 X 15
, ,- J
r.
3" :3'46 draft.
X 18 X
52 X 15 X
X 18 X 120 X 27 X 15
X
18
XCTP.-X
15
3=
for draft.
PATENT CIRCULAR
DRAWING FRAME.
Sectional Elevation showing Gearing
AT bnd opposite to Driving Pollbys.'
Scale ^th.
133
134
Scale ^th.
Driving pinions,
30,
Stud wheel,
...
70
Stud pinion,
...
D
E
34
&,
38 teeth.
teeth.
19 teeth.
78
34
teeth.
50
teeth.
Intermediate,
62 teeth.
Draught changes,
34 to 80 teeth.
26
Intermediate,
100
FF
6
H
roller,
LL
teeth.
teetti.
teeth.
38 teeth.
...
22 teeth.
Intermediate,
24
Draft Arrangement
Hard
to
teeth.
(3")
2^ X 56 X 74 X 50 X 23 X
56 X 20 X 34 X 39 X 40 X
32
q ^
^^
Ifj"
(3")
56
C. P. X 20
24
74 X .50 X 23
34 X 39 X 40 X
Pressing Eollers
= 222-5
2i X 76 X 74 X 50 X 23 X
80 X 19 X 34 X 39 X 40 X
21 X 76 X 74
C.P. X J9 X 34
32
llj
50 X 23 X
X 39 X 40 X
X
32
l^'
32
lU
:3 3 draft
^.^^ ^^.^f^
roller
3/\
135
136
Scale
|-th.
32 and 33 teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
40
teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
23
teeth.
Intermediate,
64 teeth.
39
teeth.
Stud wheel,
...
33
teeth.
Stud pinion,
...
23 teeth.
Brush wheel,
36 teeth.
28 teeth.
Drawing
Intermediate,
130 teeth.
37 and 38 teeth.
Arrangements
of
roller pinion,
Wheels
*180 X 34 X 20 X 34
56 X 74 X 50
_ 20-08
gill
*NoTE.
X 20 X 34
56 X 74 X 50
Constant
Number
bar shaft.
for gill
Scale
-Ith.
End
137
138
A"
for pins
on
gill
bar cranks.
Sectional Elevation.
GILL
139
msj^
Ll=!U
gill bar.
140
Scale ^th.
Back shaft
Intermediate,
25 teeth.
Stud wheel,
68
Stud pinion,
25 teeth.
25 teeth.
pinion,
teeth.
FF
24 teeth.
Intermediate,
24
Wheel
69 teeth.
...
teeth.
19 teeth.
Wheel on
21 teeth.
14 teeth.
Drawing
single back
19 teeth.
shaft,
roller pinion
roller,
41 teeth.
Intermediate,
88 teeth
56 teeth.
Draft Arrangbment
Pressing Rollers
Leather
2i X 35 X 68 X
43 X 25 X 25 X
nl''
IT""
of
X 25
C. F. X 25
*n
69
fluted roller
:7-88 draft.
Ifi
""
covered on a plain or
,??
1^{'
= 33903
No.
f-^
^^
141
142
Scale
-^th.
Draught changes,
32
to
Intermediate,
80
teeth.
Driving pinion,
24 teeth.
Intermediate,
32 teeth.
Back shaft
34
Wheel
pinion.
64 teeth.
teeth.
...
...
...
19 teeth.
...
...
19 teeth.
Wheel on
...
...
21 teeth.
...
...
14 teeth,
single
Arrangement of Wheels
*160 X
back
30 X 19 X 21
35 X 19 X 14
160 xC.P.
35*
19
19
X 21
X 14
= 205
speed
gill
...
^
^
~""^ constant
number
1
*NoTE.
shaft,
Speed
is
-n 1,
tor gill
bars.
f
of Pulleys
143
144
DRAWING
DRAWING
cn
145
GILLS.
GILLS.
o o
CIRCULAR DRAWING
18|" X
07
=F^
I
/o
GILL.
^ i" Brass.
17^
_1_60 No.
15, 1^".
e
o
o
O
o
O
1\.
\
o
8,
Rivet No.
00000
00000
o<
/
t:
DRAWING GILL
8" X
^" Brass.
I" X
7" 2 18No. U,
incli.
Rivet No.
8, 1".
DRAWING
146
GILLS.
DRAWING
GILLS.
II
ooooooo ooo T
o o o o
ooo ooo
il
II
il
oooooooooo
],
II
o o o o o o o o o o
6"_2 30.
No. 16-li".
11
Mil
in
oooooooooooo o
OOCOOOOO o o o o 6)
10" X 5" Roving Gill.
H"
X I" X -//Brass.
6 pins per inch.
li"2 13.
No. 161"
No.
11.
j^
^^^
GILLS.
147
SPECIFICATIONS
The student
rows,
pins.
7", 2,
Note.
Gills.
18,
1^ 2J
-^th
Circular Drawing.
18|" X
rows.
17 J",
Y brass.
pins.
1,
'>'
hW
rows.
i' brass.
""
pins.
6",
2,
2F
X f" X
30,
rows.
21",
2,
pins.
13,
Gill Rivets
,,
w"
brass.
inch.
Circular Bar
No. 1^".
Second SpiralNo. 10,
,,
1^".
1",
Spiral Roving
No. 16
row of 7
ins.
30
ins.
w.g,, 14
,,
,,
2^
ins.
ins.
w.g., 25
ins.
No. 16 w.g., 12
2^
ins.
Spiral Roving,
Spiral Eoving,
No. 15
1st
w.g., 16 per
row
of 7
ins.
22
ins.
w.g., 11
2^
ins.
w.g.,
148
of first
fluted roller.
is
that
roller
many
circum-
flutes in the
These are not all of the same pitch, hence the term irregular
The reason
when made
becoming
pressing roller
fluted
is
for
by the pressure
it is
fluted
makes the
same reason
if
If the
sliver smaller
than
is
drawing
rollers
rollers of rovings
on end
much
drawing
rollers getting
longer.
32 Flutes
in 2"
Roller \
34
36
2i"
40
H"
48
3"
64
4"
grooved
rollers
149
hard-to-hard.
Drawing
Roller.
2^" diameter.
25 Flutes.
^^
Round
150
-Leatlier covered
Scale
3"
Pressing Roller.
to One Foot.
fe
Drawing Roller
2V
30 Flutes
Flute,
diameter.
ROVING.
151
ROVING.
Roving.
second drawing, are put up at the back of the roving, one end over
each
On
gill,
pinion
pinion
change pinions
grist
pinion
is 35,
Roving
is
first,
the twist
the traverse
third,
lbs.
per
rack pinion,
teeth.
Rack Pinion.
15
mark on
When you
put on
a rack pinion, the top catch should be into the marked tooth, after
the rack
is
wound
up.
is
driven
=7
off
from Drawing
Roller.
on a day or week.
06 circumference.
X 59 X 60 X 60 X 60 X 60 X 60 X 46
X 10 X iO X 10 X 10 X 12 X 24 X
= 732780 = revolutions
of roller for
That
Note.
10 parts
marked
the.
E
X
is
marked
and 40.
off in 40 points
Draft arrangement
of clock.
round
152
In this case
Pinion on
=
=
Double intermediate
Wheel on retaining
>
Gr
H =
,,
on buck shaft.
,,
Diameter
of
end of roving.
at opposite
roller iu
drawing
gear with F.
roller.
Thus
2^ X 36 X 70 X 70 =9-35 draft
roller.
3S X 24 X 24 X If J
Grist or
Change pinioa
2^ x 36 x 70 x 70
C. x 24 x 24 X H%'
between dcawiag
roller
and retainino
roller,
21
in.
dia.
7"06
circumference.
B
In this case
= twist
per inch.
Drawing
Twist pinion.
roller wheel.
Pinion on spindle
Circumference of drawing
roller.
Thus
60 X 44 X 21
36 X 22 X. 14 X 7-06
Twist
piuion
''^'='^-
number
iu spindle.
ROVING.
153
Say 215
213*33.
ABB
revs, per
In this case
= speed
spindles,
A =
B =
Pinion on
=
D =
E =
,,
,,
Pinion on spindle.
Thus
215 X 44 X
22 X
21
14
~^^^
drawing
Pinion
raft.
6^
Twist.
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
n
9
10
1-5
Pinion.
17
21
26
29
25
19
8
-52
37
43
52
*When changing
Teeth.
H"
*NoTE. A
2tV'
full-sized
38
37 almost.
Drawing
Roller, that
is
it
a 38 teeth pinion.
154
10"
5"
BOBBIN.
Scale ^th.
Intermediate,
D
EE
Drawing
17 to 52 teeth.
150
38
roller wheel,
leetli.
36 teeth.
Intermediates,
Intermediate,
G
H
Wheel on
Wheel
teeth.
60 teeth.
rollers),
40 teeth.
20
shaft),
to
40
22 teeth.
22
teeth.
Wheels
14 teeth.
LL
Intermediate,
Wheel on countershaft
000
p
Q
Mitres
24 teeth.
54
teeth.
30
teeth.
20
Wheel on
96 teeth.
short countershaft,
Traverse Changes,
Intermediate,
U
V
Differential
Y
Z
6 teeth.
28 teeth.
XXX
teeth.
teeth.
20 to 40 teeth.
...
32 teeth
..."
shaft.
108
teeth.
12 teeth.
27 teeth.
Wheel,
78
...
30
teeth.
24 teeth.
..."
48 teeth.
96 teeth.
Intermediate,
92 teeth.
Intermediate,
Wheel on bobbin
teeth.
30 teeth.
Differential bevels.
shaft,
30 teeth.
spindles),
28 teeth.
Bobbin
14 teeth
pinions,
spindles).
Rack pinion
...
28 teeth.
14 teeth,
20
teeth,
Scale
155
156
10"
5"
BOBBIN.
Scale ^th.
Wheel
for driving
each head),
for
...
Wheel on
Bevel wheel
EE
...
...
22 teeth.
...
...
22 teeth.
...
...
24 teeth.
...
...
16 teeth.
...
...
14 teeth
24
teeth.
Intermediate,
30
teeth.'
Stud wheel,
Stud pinion,
70 teeth.
70 teeth.
KKK
L
MM
Wheels
TT
U
V
lower r etaining
loller,
24 teeth,
...
44
84
driving shaft,
Intermediates,
Wheel on
...
...
Rack
...
21 teeth.
...
...
28
...
...
14 teeth.
...
...
21 teeth.
...
...
28
...
14 teeth.
38
X 24 X
14
2i"
xC.P
38
X 24 X
70 X 70
24 X iU
Twist Aerangement
teeth.
teeth.
...
...
...
5 teeth,
...
...
...
73 teeth.
...
20
teeth.
teeth.
22 teeth.
spindle shaft.
for driving
Wheel on
N
P
24 teeth.
teeth.
draft.
60 X 44 X 21
36 X 22 X 14 X 7-06
60 X 44 X 21
C P X
22
14
7-0fi
~^^
Thus 215 X 3
3.
157
158
<
-J
3
Q
a:
o
CD
_1
"1
JJ
Scale
3" to
Onk Foot.
k-^
Diawinj; Boiler.
Drawing
Roller.
159
160
Wheel
Two
in gear
see
page 159).
shown
1111
on diagram.
64
Thus
36
Movement
36
82944
of eccentric IJ inches
that
is
and
|" to left
side.
Then
1|
82944
82944
82944
165888
55296
drawing
roller.
of
an inch
a description of this
their repair
One other
crown wheels,
point
may
is
make
Make sure that the mangle wheel is in good order at the turning
pins and the bracket-carrying mangle wheel pinion is kept firm.
With due attention to these details, there will not be much wrong
with the roves, and you will have a chance to get a fair quantity of
them from the roving.
161
GILL
BARS
3"
to
Pin.'
One
Foot.
/'^^'fyi
DIFFERENTIAL MOTION
X-iil
O
<
-4-
165
bobbin or drawing
of
wheel
Working
effect
on discs for
dia.
full
bobbin
empty
,,
it
short shaft x 3* x
Wheel on end
disc x
full
bobbin
...
...
...
...
...
...
22
...
...
...
21
,,
...
...
14
,,
bobbin
f
30
5-85
60 X 19-5
emotv
60 X
30 X
this Constant
12
(V)
x 3 x 5"
39 X 1 X 2i
x 3 x 1^
20 x
12
96 X ('/)
39 X 1 X 2}
X 20 X
12
X 3 X B
X 96 X (V)
39 X 1 X 2i"
44
21
22
14
^ ^^
x 20 x
x 96 X
to bobbin.
...
...
motion wheel
44 teeth
...
...
...
1-
differentia]
for full
From
IJ",
upon the
5".
and also from the loose running bevel wheel controlled by the
Formula
,,
Wheel upon
ball
Diameter of
5'85.
spindles,
controls.
19'5.
,,
*The
for friction
Working diameter
Diameter
of friction ball
upon
disc plate.
of bobbin.
29-25
=5-85" working
dia. of ball
upon
disc.
29-25
Working
for
taken at hnlf of the actual number for the reason that one revolution of the differential
is
roller,
dia. of ball
upon
= 5"
plate
5-85
dia. of
is
working
166
position of the bowl between the discs will not practically be quite the
The
figures
by the
same
as the calculations
twist.
used in above calculations are taken from the rovings made by Messrs Fairbaiin,
Naylor.Macpherson,
To
made
&
empty bobbin 1|" diameter, and say 2^" diameter, the same diameter
full,
spindles
Twist pinion 35
,,
,,
,,
teeth.
,,
=7-06
full 5
,,
=1570
Bobbin when
12716 X 60 X
19-5
30 X
X 20 X
12
X 96 X (V) 39
19074 X
= 89838
4-71
is
X 20 X
5 X 96 X
.,,.
12
CJ) 39
,.
7-06
= 897-60
218
is full
X 60 X 5-85 x 20 x
5
zo~^
X 9g X
of the spindles
30 X 48 X 21
24 X 38 X 14
15 '70
= ^9679
= 898 -19
,-
frs\
,-
,._
30 X 48 X 21
.. ...
,. ^.
^.
revolutions of bobbin,
= o^o'o
24 X 30 X i4
127-16
654
of the spindles
127-14
218
13
go~"j
175 62
.
.
,
30 X 48 X 21
r-, =4d>5-26 revolutions oi bobbin,
ST
oQ
127-16
=63'58
revolutions of bobbin,
of the spindles
654
96-79 = 57-21
and
as the
to find the speed of Roving Traverse when the bobbin is empty and full, that is
\\" and 5" diameter, or 4"71 and 15'70 inches in circumference.
when empty
pmntv
When
There
127-16
127-16
127-16
60 x
30 X
x
x 20 x
22 x 5
96 X
x 108 X
x 73
19-5
x
X
^^^^
the bobbin
rove.
'P'^'^ ^ tva^,eTse.
60 X
3D X
X 20 X
X 96 X
22 X 5
108 X 73"
on
this roving
we
This
is
not a question of
lb. rove.
is
empty
(that
is
revolutions per minute, and the traverse 2-88 per minute, which
of the roller 7"
lb,
60 X 5-85 X 20 X
22 X 5
X 96 X 108 X 73
30 X
5
When
is
167
is
equal to 44 to
up
r and down movement
12716
1,
of traverse,
'
and
308
4-71
When
the rove
is full
(that
is
faster,
and
is
roller
of the roller being 7"; therefore 1030-19 inches are delivered in each
14717 to 1, and
up and down of the
equal to
'
the circumfereuce
traverse.
1030-19
15-70
The
^j^" diameter
at pitch lines.
One
is
No
shape of the turning points of the mangle wheel, only moves the traverse of the bobbin board 10" up and
10" down.
You
vice versa
when
the bobbin
is full
when
the bobbin
is
empty
is
it
always opposite
to the
168
SNAIL.
SNAIL
(Old Style).
Scale
3" to
One
Foot.
rj
IZ
//
lO
9 ^ 1 6 5
Jf
S Z
169
The
much about
these machines.
gills
An
roller.
is
illustration is given of
ing the arrangement and the relation of the speed of gill to retaining
and drawing
much
roller.
same as
the
in spiral machinery.
make
you
can take
off a
right
is
good
;
but
you can make up the weight, owing to the shortness of the draft
required in a rotary roving. *I have given an arrangement with
rotary roving, and have also given an example for hessian wefts
say from 8/12
lbs.
and carefully
rotary
is,
gills
set up.
this roving
As
per spindle.
it is
and
is
stuff,
work
An illustration
;
rollers
is
gill
If the material is
gill
weak, the
than when
it is
re-
strong.
the jute
made from
to be spun, rotary
gills,
If
an arrangement
and retaining
When
of
to 250 lbs., if
the
for the
shaft
is
pins sharp
tendency
this
such as
machinery,
gill
for
draw
to be
spun 20
lbs.
Weft.
lbs,
170
80 rows, 24
No.
14 f",
Rotary roviug
Y
;
3" x
arrangements of Rotary
l^rass,
Gills.
6^",
3 J pins per inch, set over
or.
brass,
3|^
30 rows,
^" out
gill,
brass,
|", set
No. 15
f",
Roving
^" out; to
30 rows, 30
pins.
work with
brass,
out.
171
Diagrams
altering "
Beach
"
A =
Drawing
Roller.
B =
Pressing
C =
Gill Shaft.
E =
and
Retaining Rollers.
'WmZS2^^ZZ2S^Z2ZZl
Note.
The surface speed of the Rotary Gill at the point of the pin
equal to the surface speed of the Retaining Roller.
is
almost
172
173
52 teeth.
...
Change Pinion,
25 teeth.
Stud Wheel,
80
Working diameter
of
teeth.
47 teeth.
...
Front Roller,
3-4 inches
Back
Eoller,
52 X 80 X
25 X
47
3-4_^^^f^
X 2
174
ViV\X
-Ith.
^-^
175
106
...
teeth.
Draft Pinion,
27
Stud Wheel,
84
46
,,
3"
Retaining Roller,
106 X 84 X 2i
27 X 46 X 3
=6
,,
draft.
176
8"
4"
8"
177
TRAVERSE.
56 teeth
...
34
54 and 20
20
20
,,
,,
Twist Arrangement
'^'"*"-
_,
2.54
Con ^tant
Twist Pinion,
...
on Spindle,
...
...
90
teeth.
...
...
44
,,
...
...
24
...
...
...
14
..
...
...
22
...
...
...
16
...
of Roving,
,,
for draft.
...
,,
,,
90
TwiBt
Pinion
X 44 X 24
X 22 X 16 X 6-28
= 43
44
22
P^-"
Constant Number.
24
of Spindles of
3.
16
The Speed
'^-
of
Roving x
3.
lbs.
weft yarn
is
178
ft.
ft.
24 revolutions
Co.,
Ltd., Leeds).
tfc
per
minute
Surface Speed,
Surface
2485
Speed,
54
ft.
over
ft.
over
points of pins.
ft.
over
points of pins.
ft.
ft.
teetli
ft.
over
ft.
over
points of pins.
ft.
over
points of pins.
teeth.
Circular Drawing.
of Spindles,
5" Bobbins.
Drops of Gill Bars will vary with the Twists and Drafts, but the bars
can be run at the same speed as for Spiral Drawing.
4"
3f"
5"
H"
3"
H"
2800
3000
3200
3400
3400
179
me make
Breaker Cans,
13"
11"
36".
Finisher
12"
9"
36".
Drawing
Roving
12"
9"
36".
10"
7"
36",
I^OTE.
Oyal.
finisher,
made
oval.
machines made
&
Co.,
to
been impossible to
intricate
delails,
as
same methods.
fitting
the various machines. The calby other makers are worked out by the
illustrate
and
many
up of this class of
machinery, having secured for them a world wide reputation.
Without their kind assistance and permission it would have
well
BARROWS.
180
EOVE BAEROW.
-mk
fm
.w-
Front Elevation.
(T
C7i
End
Elevation.
]U
This Barrow holds one shift
-J
B
BARROW FOR BOXES WITH SPINNING
ScALB I" TO One Foot.
BOBBINS.
Cylinder, 190
LBS.
181
WEFT
pinion, 46 teeth.
Dollop, 33
= 3377
lbs.
from feed
roller
lOJ" diameter
inches circumference.
13-32 draft,
52
pinion, 56 teeth.
X 104 X 96 X 96 _;^^.^^
^^^^^
.32 X 28 X
4
75 X
4
-=
into
roller
32 _g.p;
2i X 56 X 74 X 50 X 23 X
52 X 20 X 34 X 39 X 40 X IJf
Second drawing
X
lb
2^ X 34 X 68 X
43 X 25 X 25 X
Roving,
2 ends into
spiral,
69
end into
2i X 32 X 70 X
38 X 24 X 24 X
^y.gg
70 ^831 draft.
1^
^^^^^
llf
will
of
182
13-13
33
weighs
lbs.
1.
Draft, 13-32.
33 X 1 0^24-77 lbs. weight of 174-89 yards at front of finisher.
'
''
13-32
into
1.
Draft, 3-5.
24-77
4^28-31
lbs.
3-5
Second drawing
spiral,
weight
of 174-89 yards at front of 1st drawing.
'
2 ends into
1.
Draft.
28-31
X 2
7-65
56
Roving Spiral
spindles,
10"
5"
pitch
675
revs,
of spindles per
minute.
Draft, 8-31.
Zli= -890
lbs.
8-31
174-89
The
weight
of 174-89 yards
14400
actual weight
'890
of this rove
at front of roving.
was 72^
lbs.
Doffer
cylinder^
90
revolutions
7/8 Lbs.
WARP.
Lbs.
per minute
cylinder
pinion, 44 teeth.
clock, calculated
,,
draft, 9-7
12-95
9-7
from feed
roller
dollop, 22 lbs.
at
front of
breaker in
one round
of clock.
?ULJ: = 15-42
14-26
lbs.
weight
into
draft,
3|
17-62
Second Drawing
lbs.
Spiral, 2
ends into
1.
Draft, 7-65.
]1:^-JL^ = 4:-Q0
Roving
Draft,
Spiral,
1 Speed
end into
at front of
2nd drawing.
8.
_ = -575
125-6
lbs.
lbs.
14400
-575
....
Roving,
at front of roving.
lbs.
Twist Pinion,
32
Grist,
31
Traverse
,,
28
Rack
...
17
practice.
16/24 Lbs,
WEFT OF
cylinder, 195
Lbs.
pinion, 46 teeth.
Dollop, 33
lbs.
33-77 inches,
clock
13-16
yds., calculated
from feed
roller
10|" dia.
183
184
110
13 32 draft.
lOf
54
bS
26
23
2-05 draft.
15|
is
cylinder,
pinion, 64 teeth.
1.
104
96
32
75
96
32
Circular Drawing
=12-48
draft.
Pulley pinion, 32
teeth.
21
160
14
Pressing and drawing
120
50
22
4 ends into
roller,
27
hard
to
hard (3^")
15
15
=3-43
draft.
1.
Second drawing
spiral
Leather pressing
pulley pinion, 30
rollers
teeth.
16
160
16
ends into
Roving
1.
Rotary, 48 spindles
Speed spindles
25
160
18
44
X
22
21
14
= 666|
60 X 44 X 21
42 X 22 X 14 X 706
60 X 44 X 21
X 22 X 14 X 7-06
= 25-495.
-60 twist
on rove.
C.
Grist
arrangement
80
2^
44
60
= 4:'69
4"4
1^
25
x~0
^^^'^^^
jTi
constant number.
will
in this system:
Breaker dollop, 38
lbs.
draft, 13-32
13-32 X 13-13
= 174-89
Draft, 12-48.
?Lii_10 = 27-24
Circular
lbs.
finisher.
Draft
27-24 X 4
3-43
_ 31-76
lbs,
1st drawing.
Second drawing
ends to
spiral, 2
1.
Draft, 10-32.
31-76 X 2 _6-15 lbs., weight of
10-32
2nd drawing.
Roving
end into
rotary, 1
17489 yards
delivered at front of
draft.
Draft 4-69.
^-^
= 31
174-89
The
lbs.,
14400
131
107-8
teeth.
grist
25
rack
11
traverse
36
,,
lbs.
at front of roving.
per spyndle.
was 105/106
lbs.
185
186
105
lbs.
2316
Tons.
242
20
= 4840
Spinning frame
To
Cwts.
Qrs.
Lbs.
220 X 28 X 10 =
14 X
lbs.
If
A
A =
B = Drum upon
C =
Driving Shaft.
D =
Diameter of Cylinder.
E =
Drawing
f " diameter.
Retaining
,,
1^" diameter.
Wheel, 75 teeth.
Draft arrangement.
12'95 circumference.
10
If
X 90 X
X 34 X
Cylinder
120
76 X
Grist arrangement
_
12-95
pinion, 34 teeth
Drawing
80
72
drawing
roller,
4^" dia.
4^ X 80 X 75 _^.^,q,.f,
X 86 X
35
li
in 10 hours.
35 teeth.
TO 12 LBS.
Breaker 30
dollop
lbs.
4.
Roving,
"Will give
72
lbs.
rove
draft
8.
dollop
lbs.
circular
4 ends into
2nd drawing 2 ends into
1st
drawing
Roving,
Will give 72|
14.
pusli
4.
spiral
rove
lbs.
draft 10.
draft
bar draft
draft 6|.
to 13 yards clock
draft 8.
,,
exclusive of allowance
for waste.
Rotary System.
2nd
circular,
1,
...
Draft 14.
...
...
,,
...
...
...
^^
41.
5|.
,_
6.
1,
Roving,
"Will give
73|
rove exclusive
lbs.
lbs.
half
4 ends into push
2
2nd
Roving spiral,
Will give 126
circular,
1
...
lbs.
bar,
32 lbs.
Draft 13
...
...
...
...
,,
...
...
,,
...
rove
21.
...
...
exclusive
...
...
16,
3I.
41..
,,
7.
of waste allowance.
The results given above will be the same whether the finisher card be fed
from laps or cans, provided the same number of euds be put up in each case.
The machines and
the same as for Hessian Yarns, the only difference being that the quality of
jute is lower in the former case, and the yarn is frequently harder twisted.
187
188
WARP ARRANGEMENT.
lbs.
Breaker Clock
...
10 yds.
14x10 =
4"
X 72
X 18 X
15-31
1st
3A
23
15-31 X 8
10 ends
120 X
72
-r
j^ ^^^f^
9i"
Finisher
32 X 10
120
22
= 20-9
lbs.
120
into 1.
15.31 draft.
9J"
lbs. at 1st
Drawing.
30-62-^4-5
into 1.
X 40 X 70 X 23 ^ 4 ^^^f^_
2"
X 20 X 53 X
^ 4 = 30-62
60
at front of finisher.
into one.
X 56 X 74 X 50 X 23 X 35
X 20 X 34 X 39 X 40 X
l^f
=6
8 lbs. at
^^1
^
2nd Drawing.
6-8-^5-9
140
= 1-15
lbs. at
14,400 :: 1-15
Rove
From
63
^g.g
^^.^f^.
If"
roving.
118
lbs.
weight of rove.
spun 10/14
lbs.
Warp.
jj,j^f(.
lbs.
i"
72
10=
12-03 X
120
=
12-03 draft.
9i"
72 X
X 18 X
72
32
10
-r
12-95
120 X 120
26 X
= 24-71
:.12-95 draft,
lbs. -sveight of
1st
X 20 X 53 X
24-71 X 8
H-
= 49-42
Gill)
_4
3A" X 40 X 70 X 23
23
21"
8 ends
at
into 1.
j^^f^^
lbs. at 1st
Drawing,
X 56 X 74 X 50 X 23 X 35
X 20 X 34 X 39 X 40 X lYi"
49-42-^4=12-35
finisher.
2"
67
^^
^^^^^^
2nd Drawing.
n"
72
12-35
5-55
-f
120-30
X 144 X 74 ^5.55
X
20 X 3"
= 2-22
14,400
^jr^ft
lbs. at roving.
2-22
is
240
265
lbs.
lbs.
to
44
weight of rove.
From
lbs.
this
we spin from 32
lbs.
up
189
JUTE SPINNING.
190
JUTE SPINNING.
When the rove bobbins are filled
taken
off
to the spinning
is
Second,
Third,
JUTE SPINNING.
The
191
amount of turns or
upon the yarn being spun. The grist
arrangement of wheels fixes the weight of the yarn say 7, 8, 9, or
10 pounds per spyndle of 14,400 yards, usually termed a spyndle.
Whatever the size of yarn may be given, it is always understood that
the spyndle contains 14,400 yards (see yarn table in reeling chapter).
The traverse arrangement, consisting of heart and heart motion wheel
and pinion on the end of retaining roller, by the action of the lever
from the heart (which is a form of eccentric or cam) to the traverse
pulleys, which are fixed upon the traverse shaft, chains attached to
these pulleys, and also to lever which is actuated by the eccentric
or cam commonly termed the heart motion moves the bobbin
board up and down. If the frame is for 4" bobbins, that means
the traverse of the bobbin up and down will be 4 inches up and
4 inches down, and so on alternately. The form of the heart determines the shape of the bobbin. The usual practice is to shape the
heart so that the bobbin will be thickest in the centre, and this
makes the bobbin build better while filling. An illustration of the
heart motion and arrangement of the traverse pulleys and chains is
given, and also the calculation for the traverse.* The same heart or
eccentric is used for 3f ", 4", 4|", and 5" traverse, the difference being
made in the lever and pulleys for each of these sizes. In the
spinning frame it is of the utmost importance that the bands, or
lists, as they are commonly termed, be kept in good order.
If this
band which drives the spindle is not kept uniformly tight, slacktwisted yarn will be the result. The broader the band you can
work with the better; for 3f inch spindles the band should be
If in. broad, 4 inch spindles 2 inches broad, and 4J to 5 ins. 2^ in.
bands the length of band required in an ordinary frame, 4 inch
pitch, 4 inch traverse, is 65 inches.
The pressing rollers should
also have great care and attention bestowed upon them and the
frames in a large mill should be systematically gone over day by
day, and the rollers carefully examined, and the bad ones that is,
those that are chipped or " off the truth " taken out and turned
in a turning lathe. The remaining point of importance to be mentioned is the adjustment of the rove plate over which the rove
passes as it comes from the retaining roller to the drawing roller.
twist arrangement of wheels fixes the
*See page 207 for illustration of Heart Motion and Traverse Arrangement.
JUTE SPINNING.
192
"will run."
Again,
you wish to keep the twist on the rove while passing between retaining and drawing rollers as long as you possibly can within limits,
of course
as in a light size, if you open up the twist of the rove
too quickly as it comes off the rove plate to the bite of pressing
and drawing rollers, it will tend to breakage of the yard particu-
Thus, for yarn, say, 8 lbs. weft, to allow the twist being kept on
the rove, set the rove plate so that rove will rest easy on the front of
conductor. This eases the strain down to the bite of pressing and
drawing rollers, and saves the yarn from breaking where there is
not much twist being put on, as in weft of the lighter weights.
Then, for 8 lbs. warp yarn, bring forward the plate a little, to
allow the twist to come off the rove a little- quicker than in the
previous case. This will allow the yarn to draw more equally, and
and there is not so much danger of
it will take on the twist better
the yarn breaking with the twist that is put on warp yarns.
;
Then, for, say,from 12/14 lbs. warp and weft yarns,bring forward
the rove plate about a i of an inch from the position referred to in
above instructions for 8 lbs. weft and warp, and let the rove touch
the plate across its whole breadth. This putting forward the plate
is intended to make the rove tighter between the retaining roller and
conductor, and tends to keep the rove from "running," as it is termed.
Then put back the rod from which the conductor is hung, so that the
rove while passing through the conductor will only touch the back of
JUTE SPINNING.
193
lower half, the upper half of the length of conductor being kept
about Tj-" clear of the rove as it comes over the rove plate. This
position of rove plate, conductor rod, and conductor, allows the twist
to come out of the rove in sufficient time to allow the drawing roller
to put on the proper draft without breakage to the yarn or the
" running "of the rove. Then, say, for 16/34 lbs. yarn.as the rove will
in these sizes be heavier, and also be passing still faster through
between retaining roller and drawing roller the distance forward of
rove plate will have to be slightly increased, and the conductor rod
also put a little further back, than in the case of the 12/14 lbs. yarn.
its
"
RUNNING."
by the time
it is
actually at the bite of the drawing and pressing rollers, the rove will
" run "
that is, the rove will be caught by the pressing and drawing
rollers and dragged down at the surface speed of the drawing roller.
The pressure on the retaining roller will not keep it back. This, of
course,
it.
By
owing to the strength of the rove, the twist not being out of
the time the rove is in the bite, it must be in the form of a
is
The causes for this " running " may be various. If the
pressing roller against the retaining roller gets out of order this
would cause it but it mostly happens when the rove plate and
thin sliver.
conductor are not properly set for the size of the yarn being spun.
For example, if you attempted to spin, say, 20 lbs. with rove plate
and conductor set to spin 8 lbs., the rove would certainly " run."
*See pages 210 and 211 for illustrations
to pressing rollers.
of the
JUTE SPINNING.
194
as to the setting of the rove plate and conductor for the different
sizes
and in the extreme case which we have taken as an example
the running of the rove would in that case be caused by the increased
;
speed of the rollers drawing the rove down before the twist was
properly out and this, in a certain degree, is more or less always
the cause of the rove " running " always, of course, making certain that the pressing roller, drawing roller, &c., are in proper
;
working order.
spinning
lbs.
= 2,700 revolutions
= 2,600 revolutions per minute.
lbs. weft = 2,500 revolutions per minute.
12 to 16
18 to 24
lbs.
per minute.
SPINNING SPINDLE
AND FLYER.
4"
Traverse
Half
/T
4" Bobbin.
Size.
195
196
J CITE
SPINNING.
The question
many
.
production from the spinning machinery. We very seldom hear anything of what the production of the preparing machinery is. The production from a roving frame is of quite as much importance as the
production of a spinning frame.
Many things go to decide the
question of production in the spinning department.
First, the
question of twist is an important factor in the production. If a
mill be spinning a large proportion of weft yarns, the result will,
production
warp
twist.
is,
of course,
JUTE SPINNING.
is
to be
woven
in a factory
an average of 4
197
and
year round
to follow.
When the bobbins have been filled they are put into boxes and
wheeled away on abobbin barrow to either the cop-winding, the warpwinding, or the reeling departments. To see that the empty bobbins
are kept steadily on the road back from these departments to the
spinning frames is not the least important point to be kept before
the people in charge of the spinning department.
Every empty
bobbin should be set up in its place ready to be handled by the
shifters when they come to shift the frames.
If this is not done
endless annoyance and confusion, not to say anything of loss of
time, will be the result.
,p
198
199
starching
Weft
Warp.
Hard Warp.
3-80
4-49
3-44
4-23
10
4-87
3-14
4-
14
3-81
10
2-89
10
3-81
12
2-58
12
3-65
14
2 40
14
313
16
219
20
1-90
5f
to 6
1-68
24
Usual weft
warp
,,
7/14
lbs.
7/9 lbs.
ACE
= twist
per inch.
In this case
A = diameter of cylinder.
spindle werve.
B=
C = wheel of double intermediate, ou which
D = cylinder pinion.
E = drawing roller wheel.
F = twist pinion.
G = circumference of drawing roller.
,,
90
If
10
28
If
10
28
SrSi X 12 56
31
5'
90
120
28
pS
H"
120
If
28
10
90
X
If
28
X 12 37
120
90
60 X 12 56
XX
If
10
= 2'92
90
twist pinion.
120
10
4"
is
= 181-107
constant number.
pTrS X 12-17
120
X
= 184133
11-97
constant number.
twist.
200
Diameter.
D.Eoller.
X
X
10
3jY'
IJ
10
3J"
If
constant number.
X"on X 11-3S
120
= 196'968
constant number.
=200-553
p^S X 1096
constant number.
JS'
1M9
120
X
28
Spuming frame
= 193680
120
X
28
90
constant number.
Jtn X 11 58
90
X
= 190335
120
28
1|
10
constant number.
'7
28
90
If
3|-"
pTS' X 11
90
=187103
28
If
10
3yy"
120
90
10
3|"
Diameter of drawing
roller, 4".
4"
316"
10
90
If
34
10
90
X
X
If
10
37"
3JI"
If
10
3|"
3U"
3|"
3_^"
120
=
120
^Sl X
12-17
120
90
pSn X
34
90
11-97
120
If
10
34
,^"-^
90
120
If
34
11-58
J:>' X
10
90
XX
If
10
34
90
If
34
p^S X 12-37
34
X lii-56
90
34
X
If
10
120
X
X 11-78.
120
X
pT^tn'
X 11-38
120
^Sl X 11-19
201
Diameter.
D. Roller.
90
10
120
X
H"
34
If
^^il X 10-99
Spinning frame, i" pitch, 4" traverse (Fairbairn).
Draft arrangement
Diameter of drawing
,,
ACE
Double
roller, 4".
draft.
=
=
drawing
double intermediate.
=
=
diameter of retaining
In this case
A
B
^\
diameter of drawing
roller.
^)
E
F
Thus
90
4
4"
45
44
X
3f
X
G.p.
3^
2J
111
44
2J
111
X
44
111
X
44
90
90
X
G.p.
=
111
90
3jf
2J
44
G.p.
3^1"
111
X
90
3|
3f"
21
-'g
44
G.p.
3y|"
HI
X
90
X
G.p.
3|"
44
^^
3i|
= 9 '08
2i
90
4
Grist
pinion
311"
111
= 340 568
=
2J
constant number.
draft.
202
Diameter.
D. Boiler.
44
G.p.
constant number.
= 317863
constant number.
21
44
G.p.
= 323-539
2J
111
90
3J
3J"
44
G.p.
2i
111
90
3-9^
3_Y'
'
111
90
3|
S-B"
Diameter of drawing
roller, 4".
,,
90
4,"
60
90
G.p.
3}i
316"
3|
X
3i|
X
X
3-^\
X
G.p.
J"
3i
X
3
G.p.
= 249 750
constant number.
= 245-587
constant number.
2^
111
X
2i
111
X
60
90
G.p.
'
=
2J
111
90
3|
3-9g."
constant number.
111
X
60
G.p.
3|"
= 258 075
2|
60
90
G.p.
HI
X
60
90
G.p.
3ii"
constant number.
2J
90
311
266-'l-
111
60
G.p.
3|"
=
2^
90
3|
3||"
60
G.p
3|"
111
2i
111
X
60
2^
90
111
60
2A
203
Scale xV^.
(For Diagram see page
204).
AA
Drawing
BB
Stud wheels,
CO
Draught changes,
DD
EE
FF
...
...
44 teeth.
...
...
...
90
...
...
...
33 to 60 teeth.
...
...
roller wheels,
Heart wheels.
teeth.
Ill teeth.
...
...
...
11 teeth.
...
...
...
120 teeth.
204
Scale ^^tb.
"
205
Scale
{For Diagram
AA
Cylinder pinions,
BB
Intermediates,
CC
Twist wheels,
DD
Twist changes,
EE
Drawing
x^e^H.
see
page 206.)
28 teeth.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
26
...
...
120
roller wheels,
144
teeth.
90 teeth.
to
60 teeth.
teeth.
206
Scale
j^t:^.
1st.
Traverse of Lever at
Traverse of Lever at
6tV'
3rd.
Ve"
A
:
5"
11" at A.
4".
Scale of Heart.
<
at
BOBBIN.
208
BOBBIN.
4'
Showing
209
N
/"
Note.
roller
end ways
is
210
Arm
of pressing roller
Ratio
roller.
lj|".
Proportion of levers
Arm
of
weight
10".
and
if
weight
is
12 Ihs. then
66
10
12 X 6-6
79-2
lbs.
211
ivith
Arm
roller.
of pressing roller
14
Ratio
8i
12 X 5'6
Proportion of levers
l^".
Arm
of spring
8^".
and
pull of spring
if
=12
lbs.
then
5'6
62"2
lbs.
For pressure on
Arm
Ratio
6 X
n
6 6 =
Proportion of levers
slip roller.
of slip roller
and
if
^".
Arm
weight
is
of
weight
7^"
6 lbs. then
6-6
39'6
lbs.
pressure
upon two
balls.
212
&
Go.)
213
3" to
One Foot.
(Fairbairn.)
Drawing
Eoller
B =
Pressing
C =
Retaining
D =
Slip
ROVE CONDUCTOR.
Full
For explanation
of the
192.
Size.
SPINNING FRAMES.
214
SPINNING FRAME.
4"
Traverse
{Lo%v,
Monifieth).
Scale
J^-th.
...
...
...
4".
...
...
...
2^".
...
...
...
30
teeth.
Wheel on Retaining
...
...
...
80
teeth,
...
...
...
70/35 teeth.
Retaining Roller,
Roller,
Double Intermediate,...
SPINNING FRAMES.
215
SPINNING FRAME
4"
Traverse (Zow,
Monifieth).
Scale of Heart.
SPINNING FRAMES.
216
SPINNING FRAME
4"
Traverse
{Loiv, Monifieth).
Scale y^TH.
Cylinder Pinion.
B = Diameter
= Wheel
of
of Cjliuder.
double intermediate.
D =
Twist Pinion.
E =
F =
217
SPINNING
FRAME
-/Aaa^
SPINNING FRAMES.
218
SPINNING FRAME.
of
to
For 4" traverse frames they have to vary some of the parts considerably,
meet different requirements, and they have gable patterns 5' 3" 6' 6" and
5' 8"
wide.
Then
for
Twist
is
242830
Cylinder Pinions,
teeth.
The above
is
120
is
teeth,
on the right
Wheel 90
size
side.
4".
Changes on nave
to
50
of do., 25 to
teeth.
50
teeth.
The above
is for
10"
fills
up
Lifter Shaft
is
219
SPINNING FRAMES.
DRAFT AREANGEMENT.
Spinning Frame, 4" pitch, 4" traverse.
Frame 10"
Diameter
Low, Monifieth.
reach.
of
,,
roller, 4".
drawing
retaining
2^".
,,
Pinion on drawing
change.
Wheel on
,,
80 teeth.
retaining
ACE
Double Intermediate
,,
draft.
A =
B =
C
|^f or |-|.
= Double
Intermediate.
:-!
F = Wheel
45
45
X
45
X
45
196
,,
192-88
189-77
186-6
183 55
180-44
2J
80
70
3|
number
for draft.
2i
80
70
3'\}
199'1 constant
2J
80
70
3f
2|
80
70
X
45
3i|
2|
80
70
X
45
3|
6'68 draft.
2J
80
70
X
80
X
45
3i|
2J
70
45
30
on Retaining Roller.
80
70
2^
SPINNING FRAMES.
220
3A
70
80
45
174-22
draft.
80
70
3^
2^
X
45
2i
""so
X
35
3i|
C
3i|
35
X
35
,,
= 240
= 236
232
228
= 224
21
80
70
3|
= 244
2J
80
70
80
X
35
3^%
2|
70
X
35
3-1
= 248
2J
80
70
80
X
35
3\l
= 252
2|
70
3|
2J
80
70
for draft.
80
X
35
number
2i-
70
3f
constant
80
X
35
= 256
2|
70
35
2^
TWIST ARRANGEMENTS.
Spinning Frame, 4" pitch, i" traverse.
Low, Monifieth.
Spindle Werve,
1|".
Cylinder Pinions,
242830
'
teeth.
SPINNING FRAMES.
ACE
==
221
= Diameter of Cylinder,
B =
Spindle VVerve.
= Twist Wheel.
D = Cylinder Pinion,
E = Drawing Roller Wheel.
F = Twist Pinion.
G = Circumference of Drawing Roller.
Diameter of
Drawing Roller.
10"
4"
80
3?"
^tI"
80
114
If
10
24
= 181-40
X
80
114
=184-17
24
80
114
If
24
xx
X X
80
If
10
=187-51
11-58
114
=
X
80
X
11-79
24
If
10
11-97
If
10
H"
=178-42
12-17
24
X
12-37
114
80
10
3t-5"
=175'54
10
xx
X X
190-81
11-38
114
=194-04
24
80
114
24
xx
11-19
1|
for Twist.
114
X
If
10
12-56
24
inch.
If
3|"
12-56"
24
80
If
10
Hi"
114
80
X
24
If
10
4"
111
X
=195-76
10-99
SPINNING FRAMES.
222
Twist Arrangement
Cylinder Pinion, 28
teeth.
Diameter
Drawing
of
Roller.
H
10
_
3^4"
If
28
10
80
If
28
10
80
_X
_
1|
28
10
80
11-97
11-79
11-58
11-38
11-19
10-99
=152-93
114
=155-49
114
=158-03
114
X
Twist Arrangement
=163-55
114
=166-32
114
=169-35
28
If
=160-72
114
80
10
12-17
28
If
3i"
114
80
X
3^V'
12-37
28
If
10
3|"
80
X
_X
3i|"
=150-45
28
If
10
8|"
114
80
12-56
28
S;l
80
X
3if"
=14818
28
If
10
3|"
114
80
10
_X
4"
Diameter
Drawing
of
Roller.
10"
4"
_
If
10
3|"
12-56
12-37
12-17
=140-43
30
80
30
114
80
X
_x
If
30
If
10
3^"
114
80
_X
114
=142-73
SPINNING FRAMES.
223
Diameter of
Drawing
Roller.
80
10
114
313."
30
If
10
11-19
10-99
114
=155-24
30
114
80
30
If
=151-77
_X
3J"
11-38
80
If
10
'
114
_x
3_e^"
11-58
=150-01
30
If
10
80
10
3|"
11-79
=147-34
30
If
for Twist.
114
80
_x
311/'
11-97
30
If
10
lU
80
_x
3f"
158-06
TWIST ARRA^NaEMENT.
Lo-w, Mouifieth,
2830
Cylinder Pinions,
teeth.
4".
Diameter of
Drawing
Roller.
120
90
10
4"
_ X
1^
28
10
90
1*
28
X
X
12-56
12-37
12-17
11-97
120
= 178-17
3^"
X
If
10
120
90
10
31"
= 181-10
28
120
90
Q>3"
If
28
184-13
for Twist.
SPINNING FRAMES.
224
Diameter of
Drawing Roller.
90
10
Sf"
3J/
28
If
10
28
11'79
11-58
11-38
11-19
10-99
=190-33
120
90
XX
-
120
=196-96
-28
120
90
_x
11
=193-68
90
X
120
90
If
10
If
10
3|"
28
If
10
gii"
120
X
=200-55
28
teeth.
Diameter of
Drawing Roller.
10
If
10
315"
^''
313"
3|"
90
_X
3|"
If
10
30
90
1|
30
12-17
11-97
11-79
11-58
11-38
166-30
=171-85
=174-48
120
=169-03
120
X
30
90
_x
12-37
120
90
10
30
30
If
10
31^"
90
1-1
12-56
30
X
120
90
_x-x
If
10
= 163 -78
30
X
If
10
120
90
4"
120
=177-64
_x X
120
=180-76
SPINNING FRAMES.
Diameter o
Drawing
Roller.
90
10
120
_X
3j^"
30
If
1119
10-99
=187'18
30
If
for Twist.
120
90
10
Si"
28 30
teeth.
Spindle Werve,
1|-"
Twist Wheel, 80
diameter.
242830
Cylinder Pinions,
teeth.
Drawing
teeth.
teeth.
4".
Boiler.
80
4"
3i|"'
_X
If
24
80
1|-
24
80
_XX
9
3|"
3^1"
_X
If
24
80
_X
9
3H"
X
If
24
80
1|
24
80
24
12-37
12-17
11-97
11-79
11-58
11-38
=170-13
=172-93
114
=175-82
114
=178-50
114
=181-74
114
=184-93
114
80
for Twist.
114
24
If
3^"
12-56
114
_x X
9
3f"
24
80
If
3|"
114
X
=18-07
1M9
225
SPINNING FRAMES.
226
Diameter of
Drawing
Roller.
114
80
31"
Twist Pinion
10-99
24
1|
Cylinder Pinion, 28
teeth.
Diameter of
Drawing Roller,
80
If
28
80
_x
3l|"
if
28
80
_X
3|"
114
If
28
80
If
28
80
_X
3|"
If
23
80
If
28
80
If
9
28
80
_X
3_9/
If
28
80
_x
12-37
12-17
11-97
11-79
IJ-58
11-38
11-19
10-99
for Twist.
=145-83
114
=148-22
114
=150-70
114
= 15300
114
=155-78
14
=134-05
114
=158-51
114
161-21
114
=164
28
If
Twist Pinion
_XX
3|"
12-56
114
_XX
311"
X
X
XX
3}f"
3J"
XX
4"
Cylinder Pinion, 30
teeth.
Diameter of
Drawing
Roller.
80
4"
_
1#
30
114
X
X
12-56
SPINNING FRAMES.
Diameter of
Drawing Roller.
80
3\f
If
9
3i|"
3f"
3if'
3f"
J"
30
80
If
30
80
If
30
80
_X
If
30
80
_X
11
30
12-17
11-97
11-79
11-58
11-38
1M9
10-99
for Twist.
=138-34
114
=140-48
=142-80
114
114
=145-39
114
=147-95
30
80
X
X
_XX
_X
12 '37
30
80
1|
3jV'
_X
If
lU
80
114
30
1|
3|"
,j
114
=150-46
114
=153-20
227
(;
^-
4-
SPINNING FRAMES.
229
much
not now the case. Many mills work cotton belting. This belt has
many advantages over leather for driving jute mill machinery not
only is it cheaper, but it runs much smoother, owing to the absence
of joints. There is only one joint in the belt. This joint is made very
easily, and in a much shorter time than you can make a sewed joint.
is
The
These
to be kept so
require nearly so much attention
belts do, the laces for which are a serious
matter, as the average life of a belt lace of good quality is only about
cotton belt will run for about 6/8 months without any2|/3 months.
They do not
thing being done to the joint, and it will run from 4/5 years with very
little trouble and without much expense.
At the end of that time
there will not be more than two or three joints in the belt. During
that period a leather belt will have cost something, if it is still running,
in the shape of laces, and there will be rather more than two or three
joints in it.
It should be always borne in mind, whether the belt is
made
caused to belts by the guides being improperly set, throwing an unnecessary strain and consequent wear upon the edges. This, of
course, ruins the belt, whether of leather or cotton. If the
guide
pulleys are correctly set to the driving pulley the "belt fork" will
never touch the belt except when required to shift it from one pulley
to another.
When the belt is running on either pulley it should be
quite free, and should not press against the side of belt fork. This
can be easily accomplished if the guide is set as described.
-SPINNING FRAMES.
230
Diagram page
fiSl.)
The edges of the guide pulley from which the belt is running on the
drum should be set in line with the edge of the drum. If the guide
is 4 broad and the drum 6" broad, the edge of pulley should be set
throw belt one inch from edge of drum, and when the belt is
running on drum it will be one inch within each side of it. Second,
the guide pulley should be set so that a plumb line from the circum-
to
dotted
line.
fall
at
as
This insures that the fork will have the same pressure
on the belt edge when putting on as when you put it off. Third, a
line from the edge of each guide pulley to a point at a distance
equal to half the width of guide pulley from the circumference of
cylinder pulley will set the guide pulley to the angle
required to
3"
to
One
SL
Plan
FRA.ME.
Foot.
Cross Section at
B.
I?
Full Size.
231
hvA,
COP WINDING.
232
COP WINDING.
weft which has been spun upon the frames is to be made
Here it is
it is taken to the cop-winding department.
wound upon the cop machines into cops, according to the size of the
shuttles in which the weft is to be used in the process of weaving.
Usually, hessian cops are made 9 inches long, and li inches in
diameter. Sometimes they are made 9 inches by 1| inches but if
the looms are being driven fast, I think a 9 inch by Ij- inch cop is
preferable, as there is less tendency to make waste. Illustrations
of three different types of cop machines are given the original
machine of Combe, Barbour & Company Messrs Lee, Croll & Company and Messrs Charles Parker, Son & Company. The last two
mentioned are very much of the same construction. The cop cone in
these two machines is in an inverted position from the former
machine. This will be readily understood from a reference to the
diagrams given. All the machines do their work equally well. My
experience has, however, been confined to the machine of Messrs
If the
into cops,
Combe, Barbour
that
it is
&
Company.
difficult to
keep up
It is
that
sometimes said of
is
to say, that
this
it is
machine
difficult to
breadth of the length of cop. This is not to allow the cops to shift
about and get broken as, if they are in any way knocked about,
they are apt to become soft, and this will always lead to unnecessary
waste in the weaving department. The cop pan is usually made 16
inches long, 11 inches deep, and 9|- inches broad. The bag to hold
about 56 to 60 pounds weight is made 22 inches broad, 10 inches
wide, and 22 inches deep. The waste in this department is a matter
which requires continual attention. My experience is, that for
;
COP WINDING.
233
ordinary hessian wefts the waste will average about '4 per cent.,
the cop machine of 54 spindles will require three winders, and they
will wind into cops, on an average, 60 spyndles of 8 or 9 lbs. in 10
hours. When the size is from 10 to 12 lbs., it will depend to some
extend upon the ability of the winder as to whether she will be able
This, of course, is a
to wind the production of a 72 spindle frame.
matter of arrrngement when it happens in the department.
Travelling
Worm,
Worm
Cloth
Driving pulleys
clotli
teeth.
wheel, 24
roller,
(P),
46
,,
,,
(a),
teetli,
4^" dia.
hand
right
hand
(f).
(g).
(e).
S-J"
234
t!OP
MACHINE,
COP MACHINE
Scale, 1^" to
One Foot.
(t
Co.)
COP MACHINE.
235
COP
MACHINE.
Scale, 1^" to
One Foot.
&
Co.)
^zzz^:
^J
r
[
J^
--
II
-^&
FUONT ZLtVATlOA/.
COP MACHINE.
236
COP MACHINE
Scale,
l-J"
to
One Foot
ij-
Co.)
im
S/a view OF
OVTEH CARRIE K B.
COP MACHINE.
COP MACHINE
Scale, |" to
One Foot.
{Thomson, Son,
&
Co.)
237
238
COP MACHINE.
COP MACHINE
Scale, |" to
One Foot,
{Combe, Barbour,
cj-
Combe.)
COP PAN
~1
COP MACHINE.
COP MACHINE
Scale
{Lee,
to
One
Croll,
&
|-"
Foot.
Go.)
COP MACHINE.
Spindle Pinion, 16 teeth.
Wheel on Driving
Shaft, 46 teeth.
Speed
of Spindles, from
239
240
a
z
Q
Z
I
o
o
z
O
o
Q
z
<
Q
Z
I
Oh
CD
t)
w
H
-^
241
is
or weft,
brought to be reeled
which
that
is,
termed. Upon
are tied up into cuts, heers, hanks, and spyndles (see yarn table).
When the yarn is taken off the reels, it is taken and weighed, or
sized is the term generally in use. So many spyndles are put into a
bundle, according to the size of the yarn. In this department much
care and attention is necessary by the workers and by those in
charge. It is of much importance that the tell of the yarn should
be correct. By the term " tell " is meant the number of threads
and yards in a " cut.'
120 threads are in each " cut," the tell wheel
'
242
POWER REEL
End Elevation showing Driving End
90" Circumference.
Scale,
^th
243
POWER REEL
End Elevation showing Doffing End Scale,
90" Circumference.
|th.
244
rails
all to
when
it is
made
7/12
lbs.
yarn
is
13/24
25/32
of Bdl
Lba.
Spls,
55
56
54
57
10
11
60
55
12
13
60
52
14
56
15
60
3|
58^,,
16
H
H
56
19
lbs.
spl.
59J
of a third of a spl.
I
Bdls.
are
made up
hanks and 4
cuts.
10 hanks and 8
cuts.
in 11
Lbs.
Spls.
18
54
lbs.
19
57
245
of Bdl.
Bdls, are
made up
hanks of a third
in 9
of a
spL each.
20
60
18 hanks of a ^ of a
spl. each.
21
2|
2i
57f
16 hanks of a ^ of a
spl.
65
5 hanks of a ^ of a
spl.
22
,,
24
60
15
28
56
12
29
12
58
60
30
12
32
If
56
,,
14
,,
The
"
,,
bands
and 4 cuts
of
an
^-
of a spl.
" of the
reelers,
and by those in
charge ^of the reeling department, to see that the proper knot is
made on the yarn. This knot is usually termed a " weaver's knot."
This is a representation of it
2| yards
120 threads
300
600
yards
3,600
7,200
14,400
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 thread.
1 cut.
1
cut or lea
1 heer.
1
hank.
1 heap.
1
spyndle.
60,000
=
=
=
=
thread.
1 lea.
1
hank.
bundle.
246
finding the
same
Lbs.
Oz.
2
3
16
12
6
6
13
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
25
4
4
12
28
30
111
9|-
75
111
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
12f
13f
10
6
2
10^
6|
14^
14
UJ
6|
9^
9
5
15
50
55
60
65
70
35
40
45
Oz.
15
Dr.
12
5f
5i
12|
11
13
10
10
15^
13
9
9
8
8
7
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
3f
9|
Oi
8|
li
lOJ
15J
6i
14|
71
If
12f
8J
4J-
Of
13^
Eule.
yarn.
Dr.
48
24
16)48(3
48
lb.
yarn
WARPING
247
MILL.
WARPING
MILL'
Motion.
Worm,
Worm
*For description
of the process of
Warping
see
" Art
of
Weaving.
BUNDLING PRESS.
248
BUNDLING PRESS*
Scale, J" to
Hand
One
Wheel, 32
,.
r~l,,
rn
Pinion, 13 teeth.
Pinion, 10 teeth.
teeth.
Break wheel, 66
rL
Foot.
X3- Jn.
teeth.
v==^
ffOrrOiC^a^
-*-
-H
bud
'
T-
niiHini!ipif.lilfin
This Press
is
used for making small bundles say from 8/16 lbs each.
349
BUNDLING STOOL
ii
Scale, |" to
One Foot.
WARP WINDING.
If the
is
it is
The
machine are
also given.
Here
may
say that the yarns, both weft and warp, being winded from
the spinning frames, should be carefully sampled three times each
day, to ensure that the yarn is being kept to the weight required.
I
In the Cop and Warp Winding departments the cops and warp
bobbins are weighed when taken from the winders this should
always be done with care and attention, as the winders in these
departments are paid according to the weight of yarns wound by
them.
WARP WINDING.
250
rl
-"
'^
P^ -3
t3
<
a
S
z
Oh
<
PO
o
;3
CM
-aj
a>
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
251
CONCLUDING EEMARKS.
Waste.
their purpose
fulfil
and
dirt,
The waste
certain extent
is
if
waste
will be
made
1st.
is
The waste from the spinning department, taking the average size
which will be weft and one-third
warp, will be about 2'10% on the yarn produced, and the reader will
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
252
bear in mind that oil this question of waste I am referring to the class
of jute described in the chapter upon Batching as necessary for the
production of Hessian cloth of good standard quality, the jute for
which has been carefully selected for the purpose intended.
BATCHING.
to which is added 3/, of oil and 157
damp, was put over the softener in ten hours a fair day's work, based upon
the speed of the machine given in the chapter on Batching.
lbs, each),
60
bales,
3%
400
lbs.
each
this
dry
...
of oil
lbs.
bales
cwt. 214
20
220
,,
217
...
dry and 35
wet refuse
lbs.
2 24
3 17
equivalent to 30527,,.
PREPARING.
The following
is
qrs.
10
lbs.
waste
lbs,
lbs., 2 deliveries
of 22
Worker
,,
33
Draft
34
this breaker in
10 hours, supplying
Worker
58
Draft
31
Each
finisher supplies 1
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
2
253
of 2 heads each
of Pulleys,
54
2nd Drawings of
t spiral
2nd drawing.
heads each
,,
43
supplies
72^/75
per spindle
lbs.
roving of 56 spindles.
5" bobbin,
each,
in
make 35
10 hours say
hours
Speed
of Pulleys,
36
Traverse,,
28
,,
Rack
15
Grist
...
cwt.
...
at each class of
2 10
140
143
10
Breaker
Dust
...
Pickings
210
lbs,
10
1-3680 7^
112 =
-6964 7
220
,,
28
2 Finishers
Dust
...
Pickings
84
Dust
...
Pickings
Total Dust
..,
Pickings
30
lbs.
40
70
268
134
402
-4352 7^
1-6664 7
8332
cwt. of rove,
140 cwt. in 20
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
254
SPINNING.
this rove
waste
lbs.;
to
of waste
made
in the reeling
cent, respectively
and
if
be -5172.
-6853
f
I
-3809
=
=
-3902
1270
5172
...
...
...
-3052%
2-0644
.:.
-4352
Spinning,
...
2-1069
...
-5172
,,
5-4289%
Total,
The value
The value
raw material
of dust is equal to
to
,,
25-0
spinners' waste 29-1
,,
reelers'
58-3
,,
copping
58-3
,,
pickings
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
255
beyond the possible limit, you will destroy the machines long before
you spoil the material. In the case of the preparing machinery it is
not the speed put upon the machines that will make rove to produce
bad yarn, it is the overloading of the different machines that is,
the putting on the Breaker in one round of the clock more weight
of jute than the length of the Cylinder or other Roller pins will
good order
in fact,
it
must be
so, if
you are
to
keep
it
going.
"
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
256
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
257
work
result.
man
in the end.
He
at the
will
tries to
do
it
well.
is
For a
the plan, four lines of heating pipes will be necessary one line of
pipes in batching house, one line in front of finisher cards, one line
between first and second line of spinning, and the fourth line of
pipes between the end of third line of spinning and the cop and
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
258
When the
varies very
mill
is
built
much, and
if
attention
much loss
heating arrangement,
is
of production
and waste
will ensue.
frame should be written into the book kept for the purpose. If the
making of an allowance upon the yarn when sampled is encouraged,
The yarn
it only leads to the yarn being spun above the weight.
should be spun and should weigh the size it is, namely if you are
spinning 8 lbs. yarn it should weigh 8 lbs. in the sample, neither more
That the
reel
for
sample purposes.
Finishing the
day
is
Work
and
the
work
for the
CONCLUDING REMARKS.
259
the tools in
made
into cops,
APPENDIX.
JUTE SNIPPER.
This machine, which we have illustrated by a plan and elevation,
is not so much used now as it was some years ago.
It is used to
snip or comb off the root ends of the jute, and it did this, without
doubt, very well, but the cost was too great. It not only took off
the roots, but also made a great amount of tow, the very least taken
off the streak of jute after it came through the machine being about
15%. This tow was very inferior, and, of course, when you deducted
the value of the 15% lost (or nearly so, comparatively speaking) this
increased the cost of the jute left, and the machine is now not much
used
It is found by the trade to be much better to cut the roots off
with a knife or blade of steel, about 36" long by 6" broad, fixed to a
wood frame. This is often done when a yarn is wanted of fine
quality and free from root.
When the roots are taken off this way
there is not nearly the same loss as with the snipper, and the roots
can always be used without making the loss that was done by the
snipper, the tow from which it was impossible to use up profitably
without damage to the yarn it was put in. The following is an
illustration of steel blade showing attachment to wood frame (Scale
I" to
One
Foot).
3
""^
y t
\L
IX
JUTE SNIPPER.
261
{For Diagram
see
Page 262.)
AA
Driving Pulleys,
BB
20" dia.
...
18" dia.
6" dia.
18" dia.
Spur pinion,
64
18 teeth.
64
18" dia.
5" dia.
MM
35 teeth
...
144 teeth
shaft,
shaft,
shaft,
18 teeth.
teeth.
teeth.
JUTE SNIPPER.
262
JUTE
SNIPPER
Scale, |" to
One
Foot.
Chain Whcol
J So'
li
ri^Si
f^-i
l-V-
\
li
\,
.ill
i
^^'i
lu"^
i!
JUTE SNIPPER.
263
JUTE SNIPPER
Scale, ^" to
One Foot.
264
Spinning
Spindles.
One Foot.
^;
r^
jOji
%
>
'io
:>
i
i
(f
\
tightening rope.
(D)
for
265
f=^
WASTE CLEANER.
266
WASTE CLEANER.
This machine is used for cleaning the waste made at Breaker
and Finisher Cards.* The waste is laid upon the feed cloth A and
a quantity fed into the machine this is allowed to remain in from
a minute to a minute and a half, the dust falling through a circular
grating below cylinder. The waste fibre is allowed to pass out of
the machine by the lifting of a flap cover at B, the dust drops into
a bag at C, and the waste into a bag at D. The machine cleans the
waste thoroughly, and the fibre or pickings, as previously explained
in the chapter on Waste, can be utilised for the coarser qualities of
yarn.
ScALEj f" TO
One
Foot.
Section of Cylinder.
Machine.
WASTE CLEANER.
367
WASTE CLEANER
Scale |" to Onb Foot.
End
Elevation.
268
WASTE CLEANER.
WASTE CLEANER
Scale, f
"
to
One
Foot.
269
is
it
is
shown,
3"
to
One
Foot.
r
270
Cross Section.
End
Elevation,
ADDENDA.
271
ADDENDA.
Worker
186.
...
...
60
Double
...
...
32
Single
Finisher,
..."
...
46
,,
Doffer and
Pinion,
Change Pinion
Drawing
Roller,
Finisher,
,,
Page
To
between
...
...
...
26
...
...
...
28
...
...
...
28
194.
Driving Shaft,
...
Drum
...
32" diameter.
Pulleys on Cylinder
...
15"
Cylinder,
...
10"
...
If"
on Shaft,
...
Spindle Werve.
220
for Draft
teeth.
10
32
X
15
If
Page 201.
If the grist-pinion on end of drawing roller is 36 teeth,
lbs.
yarn,
what pinion
Then
9
9
be required to produce 10
will
10
12
and
lbs. or
36
36
48
or
12
is
producing
lbs.
ADDENDA.
272
wanted
is
This
being produced.
may
weight
be done as follows
then 48
this,
x 3 and
it
Note.
You take
sample in ounces by
and divide by
3,
To prove
this
lbs,
2,
Threads.
240
will
always be
yard.s
Ozs.
5760
24
48
48
192
96
16)1152
72
16
2
lbs.
24
48
48
per spyndle
= weight
of rove
or
2)144
72
lbs,
per spyndle
means a
= weight
of rove
to spin
10
lbs.
yarn
A TABLE CONTAINING
THE CIRCUMFEEENCES AND AREAS OF
CIRCLES.
Diameter.
^
i
^
\
*
f
7
^
f
%
I
f
i-
lin.
^
\
^
I
t
TC
h
f
%
1
il
1
11
Circum.
Area.
1963
3927
5890
7854
9817
1-1781
1-3744
1^5708
1^7671
r9635
0030
0122
0276
0490
-0767
1104
1503
1963
2485
2-1598
2^3562
2-5525
2^7489
2^9452
3068
3712
4417
5185
6013
6903
3^1416
3^3379
3^5343
3^7306
3^9270
4^1233
4^3197
4^5160
4^7124
4^9087
5^1051
5^3014
5^4978
5^6941
5^8905
6^0868
7854
8861
9940
1^1075
1^2271
1^3529
1^4848
1^6229
1^7671
1^9175
2^0739
2^2365
2^4052
2^5801
2^7611
2^9483
Diameter.
2 in.
*
\
^
i
\
I
I
^
f
ii
i
il
1
3
in.
^
i
^
i
^
*
h
^
i
\\
f
il
Circum.
Area.
6^2832
6^4795
6-6759
6-8722
7-0686
7-2649
7-4613
7-6576
7-8540
8-0503
8-2467
8-4430
8^6394
8^8357
9^0321
9^2284
3-1416
3-3411
3-5465
3-7582
3-9760
4-2001
4-4302
4-6664
4-9087
5-1573
5-4119
5-6727
5-9395
6-2126
6^4918
6^7772
9^4248
9^6211
9^8175
10^0138
10^2102
10^4065
10-6029
10-7992
10-9956
11-1919
11-3883
11-5846
11-7810
11-9773
12-1737
7-0686
7^3662
7^6699
7^9798
8^2957
8-6179
8-9462
9-2806
9-6211
9-9678
10-3206
10-6796
11-0446
11-4159
11-7932
274
Diameter.
Circum.
il
12-3700
4 in.
12'5664
12-7627
12-9591
13-1554
13-3518
13-5481
13-7445
13-9408
14-1372
14-3335
14-5299
14-7262
14-9226
15-1189
15-3153
15-5716
i.
^
i
t
7
TO
*
1
^
i
if
1
il
5
in.
1
16
i
f.
i
f
IS
f
"IB"
1
il
i
if
6
in.
1^
^
i
ife
Area.
Diameter.
12-1768
^
12-5664
12-9622
13-3640
13-7721
14-1862
14-6066
15-0331
15-4657
15-9043
16-3492
16-8001
17-2573
17-7205
18-1900
18-6655
19-1472
15-7080
15-9043
16-1007
16-2970
16-4934
16-6897
16-8861
17-0824
17-2788
17-4751
17-6715
17-8678
18-0642
18-2605
18-4569
18-6532
19-6350
20-1290
20-6290
21-1252
21-6475
22-1661
22-6907
23-2215
23-7583
24-3014
24-8505
25-4058
25-9672
26-5348
27-1085
27-6884
18-8496
19-0459
19-2423
19-4386
19-6350
19-8313
20-0277
20-2240
28-2744
28-8665
29-4647
30-0798
30-6796
31-2964
31-9192
32-5481
^
1
il
1
il
7 in.
is
^
i
*
f
^
i
t
4
4
1
il
8 in.
*
i
^
i
^
t
^
i
f
To
1
-i
7
5
if
in.
Circum.
Area.
20-4204
20-6167
20-8131
21-0094
21-2058
21-4021
21-5985
21-7948
33-1831
33-8244
34-4717
35-1252
35-7847
36-4505
37-1224
37-8005
21-9912
22-1875
22-3839
22-5802
22-7766
22-9729
23-1693
23-3656
23-5620
23-7583
23-9547
24-1510
24-3474
24-5437
24-7401
24-9364
38-4846
39-1749
39-8713
40-5469
41-2825
41-9974
42-7184
43-4455
44-1787
44-9181
45-6636
46-4153
47-1730
47-9370
48-7070
49-4833
25-1328
25-3291
25-5255
25-7218
25-9182
26-1145
26-3109
26-5072
26-7036
26-8999
27-0963
27-2926
27-4890
27-6853
27-8817
27-0780
50-2656
51-0541
51-8486
52-8994
53-4562
54-2748
55-0885
55-9138
56-7451
57-5887
58-4264
59-7762
28-2744
63-6174
601321
60-9943
61-8625
62-7369
Diameter.
Circum.
Area.
28-4707
28-6671
28-8634
29-0598
29-2561
29-4525
29-6488
29-8452
30-0415
30-2379
30-4342
30-6306
30-8269
31-0233
31-2196
64-5041
65-3968
66-2957
67-2007
68-1120
69-0293
69-9528
70-8823
71-8181
72-7599
73-7079
74-6620
75-6223
76-5887
77-5613
31-4160
31-8087
32-2014
32-5941
32-9868
33-3795
33-7722
34-1649
78-5400
80-5157
82-5160
84-5409
86-5903
88-6643
90-7627
92-8858
34-5576
34-9503
35-3430
35-7357
36-1284
36-5211
36-9138
37-3065
95-0334
97-2053
99-4021
101-6234
103-8691
106-1394
108-4342
110-7536
Z
8
37-6992
38-0919
38-4846
38-8773
39-2700
39-6627
40-0554
40-4481
113-0976
115-4660
117-8590
120-2766
122-7187
125-1854
127-6765
130-1923
13 in.
40-8408
132-7326
is
i
*
i
^
f
^
i
tk
^
3.
4,
if
Diameter.
4
i-
f
h
1
1
14
in.
1
1
f
i
1
10
in.
i-
i
f
i
f
f
15
in.
i
1
4
5.
i
11 in.
i
1
i
f
i
16
in.
I
1
I
f
I
12 in.
i
1
1
4
17 in.
I
f
I
f
i
I
CSrcum.
275
Area.
41-2338
41-6262
42-0189
42-4116
42-8043
43-1970
43-5897
135-2974
137-8867
140-5007
143-1391
145-8021
148-4896
151-2017
43-9824
44-3751
44-7676
45-1605
45-5532
45-9459
46-3386
46-7313
153-9384
156-6995
159-4852
162-2956
167-9896
170-8735
173-7820
47-1240
47-5167
49-9094
48-3021
48-6948
49-0875
49-4802
49-8729
176-7150
179-6725
182-6545
185-6612
188-6923
191-7480
194-8282
197-9330
50-2656
50-6583
51-0510
51-4437
51-8364
52-2291
52-6218
53-0145
201-0624
204-2162
207-3946
210-5976
213-8251
217-0772
220-3537
223-6549
53-4072
53-7999
54-1926
54-5853
54-9780
55-3707
55-7634
56-1561
226-9806
230-3308
233-7055
237-1049
240-5287
243-9771
247-4500
250-9475
1651303
276
Diameter.
18
in.
1
1
1
1
19 m.
i
f
i
1
I
20
in.
i-
1
1
1
1
21
in.
i
I
f
1
1
22
in.
i
I
f
f
1
Circum.
Area.
Diameter.
56-5488
56-9415
57-8342
57-7269
58-1196
58-5123
58-9056
59-2977
254-4696
258-0161
261-5872
265-1829
268-8031
272-4479
276-1171
279-8110
23
59-6904
60-0831
60-4758
60-8685
61-2612
61-6539
62-0466
62-4393
283-5294
287-2723
291-0397
294-8312
298-6483
302-4894
306-3550
310-2452
24
62-8320
63-2247
63-6174
64-0101
64-4028
64-7955
65-1882
65-5809
314-1600
318-0992
322-0630
326-0514
330-0643
334-1018
338-1637
342-2503
25
65-7936
66-3663
66-7590
67-1517
67-5444
67-9371
68-3298
68-7225
346-3614
350-4970
354-6571
358-8419
363-0511
367-2849
371-5432
375-8261
26
69-1152
69-5079
69-9006
70-2933
70-6860
71-0787
71-4714
71-8641
380-1336
384-4655
388-8220
393-2031
397-6087
402-0388
406-4935
410-9728
27
Circum.
72-2568
72-6495
73-0422
73-4349
Area.
73-8276
74-2203
74-6130
75-0057
415-4766
420-0049
424-5577
429-1352
433-7371
438-3636
443-0146
447-6992
75-3984
75-7911
76-1838
76-5765
76-9692
77-3619
77-7546
78-1473
452-3904
457-1150
461-8642
466-6380
471-4363
476-2592
481-1065
485-9785
78-5400
78-9327
79-3254
79-7181
80-1108
80-5035
80-8962
81-2889
490-8750
495-7960
500-7415
505-7117
510-7063
515-7255
520-7692
525-8375
81-6816
82-0743
82-4670
82-8597
83-2524
83-6451
84-0378
84-4305
530-9304
536-0477
541-1896
546-3561
551-5471
556-7627
562-0027
567-2674
84-8232
85-2159
85-6086
86-0013
86-3940
86-7867
87-1794
87-5721
572-5566
577-8703
583-2085
588-5714
593-9587
599-3706
604-8070
610-2680
in.
I
f
1
in.
i-
J
1
-I
I
in.
i
I
-I
"8
5
in.
I
4
A
8
1
1
in.
i
1
1
5
8
Diameter.
28
in.
1
1
5.
f
1
29
in.
1
1
1
5.
i
i
30
in.
I
f
\
1
f
1
31
in.
i
1
i
f
1
32
in.
I
1
\
1-
i
7
Circum.
Area.
Diameter.
87-9648
88-3575
88-7502
89-1429
89-5356
89-9283
90-3210
90-7137
615-7536
621-2636
626-7982
632-3574
637-9411
643-5494
649-1821
654-8395
33
91-1064
91-4991
91-8918
92-2845
92-6772
93-0699
93-4626
93-8553
660-5214
666-2278
671-9587
677-7143
683-4943
689-2989
695-1280
700-9817
34
94-2480
94-6407
95-0334
95-4261
95-8188
96-2115
96-6042
96-9969
706-8600
712-7627
718-6900
724-6419
730-6183
736-6193
742-6447
748-6948
35
97-3896
97-7823
98-1750
98-5677
98-9584
99-3531
99-7458
100-1385
754-7694
760-8685
766-9921
773-1404
779-3131
785-5104
791-7322
797-9786
36
100-5312
100-9240
101-3166
101-7093
102-1020
102-4947
102-8874
103-2801
804-2496
810-5450
816-8650
823-2096
829-5787
835-9724
842-3905
848-8333
37
in.
I
f
4
5
8"
I
in.
\
f
\
f
1
in.
-1-
i
i
1
1
in.
I
I
\
f
1
I
in.
I
f
\
1-1
Circum.
277
Area.
103-6728
104-0655
104-4582
104-8509
105-2436
105-6363
106-0290
106-4217
855-3006
861-7924
868-3087
874-8497
881-4151
888-0051
894-6196
901-2587
106-8144
107-2071
107-5998
107-9925
108-3852
108-7779
109-1706
109-5633
907-9224
914-6105
921-3232
928-0605
934-8223
941-6086
948-4195
955-2550
109-9560
110-3487
110-7414
111-1341
111-5268
111-9195
112-3122
112-7049
962-1150
968-9995
975-9085
982-8422
989-8003
996-7830
1003-7902
1010-8220
113-0976
113-4903
113-8830
114-2757
114-6684
115-0611
115-4538
115-8465
1017-8784
1024-9592
1032-0646
1039-1946
1046-3941
1053-5281
1060-7317
1067-9599
116-2392
116-6319
117-0246
117-4173
117-8100
118-2027
118-5954
118-9881
1075-2126
1082-4898
1089-7915
1097-1179
1104-4687
1111-8441
1119-2440
1126-6685
278
Diameter.
38
in.
i
1
i
1
1
39
in.
i-
i
-1
i
1
40
in.
i
t
i
1-
f
1
41
in.
i
i
f
^-
f
f
1
42
in.
i
1
f
1
1
Circum.
Area.
Diameter.
119-3808
119-7735
120-1662
120-5589
120-9516
121-3443
121-7370
122-1297
1134-1176
1141-5911
1149-0892
1156-6119
1164-1591
1171-7309
1179-3271
1186-9480
43
122-5224
122-9151
123-3078
123-7005
124-0932
124-4859
124-9787
125-2713
1194-5934
1202-2633
1209-9577
1217-6768
1225-4203
1233-1884
1240-9810
1248-7982
44
125-6640
126-0567
126-4494
126-8421
127-2348
127-6275
128-0202
128-4129
1256-6400
1264-5082
1272-3970
1280-3124
1288-2523
1296-2168
1304-2057
1312-2193
45
128-8056
129-1983
129-5910
129-9837
130-3764
130-7691
131-1618
131-5545
1320-2574
1328-3200
1336-4071
1344-5189
1352-6551
1360-8159
1369-0012
1377-2111
46
131-9472
132-3399
132-7326
133-1253
133-5180
133-9107
134-3034
134-6961
1335-4456
1393-7045
1401-9880
1470-2961
1418-6287
1426-9859
1435-3675
1443-7738
47
in.
i
3
'S
i-
1
7
"8"
in.
1
i
1
i-
f
f
i
in.
i
i-
f
i
in.
i
-I
i
1-
i
in.
I
1
1
1
i
Circum.
Area.
135-0888
135-4815
135-8742
136-2669
136-6596
137-0523
137-4450
137-8377
1452-2046
1460-6599
1469-1397
1477-6342
1486-1731
1494-7266
1503-3046
1511-9072
138-2304
138-6231
139-0158
139-4085
139-8012
140-1939
140-5866
140-9793
1520-5344
1529-1860
1537-8622
1546-5530
1555-2883
1564-0382
1572-8125
1581-6115
141-3720
141-7647
142-1574
142-5501
142-9428
143-3355
143-7382
144-1209
1590-4350
1599-2830
1608-1555
1617-0427
1625-9743
1634-9205
1643-8912
1652-8865
144-5136
144-9063
145-2990
145-6917
146-0844
146-4771
146-8698
147-2625
1661-9064
1670-9507
1680-0196
1689-1031
1698-2311
1707-3737
1716-5407
1725-7324
147-6552
148-0479
148-4406
148-8333
149-2260
149-6187
150-0114
150-4041
1734-9486
1744-1893
1753-4545
1762-7344
1772-0587
1781-3976
1790-7610
1800-1490
Diameter.
48
in.
i
i
1
i
f
1
1
49
in.
i
1
i
5
8"
f
i
50
in.
1
i
f
J
f
1
7
51
in.
i
i
1
4
i
i
1
52
in.
1
I
f
f
1
Circum.
Area.
Diameter.
150-7968
151-1895
151-5822
151-9749
152-3676
152-7603
153-1530
153-5457
1809-5615
1818-9986
1828-4602
1837-9364
1847-4571
1856-9924
1868-5521
1876-1365
53
153-9384
154-3311
154-7238
155-1165
155-5092
155-9010
156-2946
156-6873
1885-7454
1895-3788
1905-0367
1914-7093
1924-4263
1934-1579
1943-9140
1953-6947
54
157-0800
157-4727
157-8654
158-2581
158-6508
159-0435
159-4362
159-8289
1963-5000
1973-3297
1983-1840
1993-0529
2002-9663
2012-8943
2022-8467
2032-8238
55
160-2216
160-6143
161-0070
161-3997
161-7924
162-1851
162-5778
162-9705
2042-8254
2052-8515
2062-9021
2072-9764
2083-0771
2093-2014
2103-3502
2113-5236
56
163-3632
163-7559
164-1486
164-5413
164-9340
165-3267
165-7194
166-1121
2123-7216
2133-9440
2144-1910
2154-4626
2164-7587
2175-0794
2185-4245
2195-7943
57
in.
i
1
4
1
i
f
1
1
in.
i
i
1
i
i
i
i
in.
i
.1
i
|.
1
i
in.
i
1
i
1-
1
1
in.
i
1
1
f
f
1
Circum.
379
Area.
166-5048
166-8975
167-2902
167-6829
168-0756
168-4683
168-8610
169-2537
2206-1886
2216-6074
2227-0507
2237-5187
2248-0111
2258-5281
2269-0696
2279-6357
169-6464
170-0391
170-4318
170-8245
171-2172
171-6099
172-0026
172-3593
2290-2264
2300-8415
2311-4812
2322-1455
2332-8343
2343-5477
2354-2855
2365-0480
172-7880
173-1807
173-5734
173-9661
174-3588
174-7515
175-1442
175-5369
2375-8350
2386-6465
2397-4825
2408-3432
2419-2283
2430-1833
2441-0772
2452-0301
175-9296
176-3323
176-7150
177-1077
177-5004
177-8931
178-2858
178-6785
2463-0144
2474-0222
2485-3546
2496-1116
2507-1931
2518-2992
2529-4297
2543-5849
179-0712
179-4639
179-8566
180-2493
180-6423
181-0347
181-4274
181-8201
2551-7646
2562-9688
2574-1975
2585-4509
2596-7287
2608-0311
2619-3580
2630-7095
280
Diameter.
58
in.
I
t
4
i-
59
in.
i
1
i
5
f
i
60
in.
i
-I
_3
1
1
61
182-2128
182-6055
182-9982
183-3909
183-7836
184-1763
184-5690
184-9617
2642-0856
2653-4861
2664-9112
2676-3609
2687-8351
2699-3338
2710-8571
2722-4050
63
185-3544
185-7471
186-1398
186-5325
186-9252
187-3179
187-7106
188-1033
2733-9774
2745-5743
2757-1957
2768-8418
2780-5123
2792-2074
2803-9270
2815-6712
64
188-4960
188-8887
189-2814
189-6741
190-0668
190-4595
190-8522
191-2419
2827-4400
2839-2332
2851-0510
2862-8934
2874-7603
2886-6517
2898-5677
2910-5083
65
191-6376
66
67
1920303
192-4230
192-8157
193-2084
193-6011
193-9931
194-3865
194-7792
195-1719
195-5646
195-9573
196-3500
196-7427
197-1354
197-5281
3019-0776
3031-2835
3043-4740
3055-7091
3067-9687
3080-2529
3092-5615
3104-8948
f
i-
f
f
1
62
Area.
2922-4734
2934-4630
2946-4771
2958-5159
2970-5791
2982-6669
2994-7792
3006-9161
in.
in.
i
1
1
1
Diameter.
Circum.
in.
i
t
i
i
a
4
J
in.
1
1
1-
i
in.
1
1
f
1
in.
i-
i
t
1
j
1
in.
i
-1
i
5.
s
7
Circum.
Area.
197-9208
198-3135
198-7062
199-0989
199-4916
199-8843
200-2770
200-6697
3117-2526
3129-6349
3142-0417
3154-4732
3166-9291
3179-4096
3191-9146
3204-4449
201-0624
201-4551
201-8478
202-2405
202-6332
203-0259
203-4186
203-8113
3216-9984
3229-5770
3242-1782
3254-8080
3267-4603
3280-1372
3292-8385
3306-5645
204-2040
204-5917
204-9894
205-3821
205-7748
206-1675
206-5602
206-9529
3318-3151
3331-0900
3343-8875
3356-7136
3369-5623
3382-4355
3395-3332
3408-2555
207-3456
207-7383
208-1310
208-5237
208-9164
209-3091
209-7018
210-0945
3421-2024
3434-1737
3447-1676
3468-1901
3473-2351
3486-3047
3499-3987
3512-5174
210-4872
210-8799
211-2726
211-6653
212-0500
212-4507
212-8434
213-2361
3525-6606
3538-8283
3552-0185
3565-2374
3578-4787
3591-7446
3605-0350
3618-3300
Diameter.
68
in.
i
3
8
A
1
1
in.
h
3
8
1
2
5.
70
in.
i
f
i
5.
1
71
in.
1
i
1
f
7
72
Area.
213-6288
3631-6896
3645-0536
3658-4402
3671-8554
3685-2931
3698-7554
3712-2421
3725-7535
73
214-4142
214-8069
215-1996
215-5923
215-9850
216-3777
216-7704
217-1631
217-5558
217-9485
218-3412
218-7339
219-1266
219-5193
3739-2894
3752-8498
3766-4327
3780-0443
3793-6783
3807-3369
3821-0200
3834-7277
74
219-9120
220-3047
220-6974
221-0901
221-4828
221-8755
222-2682
222-6609
3848-4600
3862-2167
3875-9960
3889-8039
3903-6343
3917-4893
3931-3687
3745-2728
75
223-0536
223-4463
223-8390
224-2317
224-6244
225-0171
225-4098
225-8025
3959-2014
3973-1545
3987-1301
4001-1344
4015-1611
4029-2124
4043-2882
4057-3886
76
226-1952
226-5879
226-9806
227-3733
227-7660
228-1587
228-5514
228-9441
4071-5136
4085-6631
4099-8350
4114-0356
4128-2587
4142-5064
4156-7785
4171-0753
77
2U-0215
i-
69
Circum.
in.
1
1
i
3
4,
Diameter.
281
Ciroum.
Area.
229-3368
229-7295
2-30-1222
1
h
230-5149
230-9076
231-3003
231-6930
232-0857
4185-3966
4199-7424
4214-1107
4228-5077
4242-9271
4257-3711
4271-8396
4286-3327
232-4784
232-8711
233-2638
233-6565
234-0492
234-4419
234-8346
235-2273
4300-8504
4315-3926
4329-9572
4344-5505
4359-1663
4373-8067
4388-4715
4403-1610
235-6200
236-0127
236-4054
236-7981
237-1908
237-5835
237-9762
238-3689
4417-8750
4432-6135
4447-3745
4462-1642
4476-9763
4491-8130
4506-6742
4521-5600
238-7616
239-1543
239-5470
239-9397
240-3324
240-7251
241-1178
241-5105
4536-4707
4551-4023
4566-3626
4581-3486
4596-3571
4611-3902
4626-4477
4641-5299
241-9032
242-2959
242-6886
243-0813
243-4740
243-8667
244-2594
244-6521
4656-6366
4671-7678
4686-9215
4702-1039
4717-3087
4732-5381
4747-7920
4763-0705
in.
f
-1
1
in.
i
1
i
f
1
in.
i
f
i
i
1
in.
1
"8
i
f
i
1
1
in.
i
f
-i-
f
1
282
Diameter.
78
in.
i
1
i
f
i
i
79
in.
i
i
i
I
8
f
1
80
in.
i
t
i
i
f
1
81
in.
i
f
i
f
i
1
82
in.
i
t
i
1
1
Circum.
Area.
245-0448
245-4375
245-8302
246-2229
246-6156
247-6083
247-4010
247-7937
4778-3736
4793-7012
4809-0512
4824-4299
4839-8311
4855-2568
4870-7071
4886-1820
83
248-1864
248-5791
248-9718
249-3645
249-7572
250-1499
250-5426
250-9353
4901-6814
4917-2053
4932-7517
4948-3268
4963-9243
4979-5456
4995-1930
5010-8642
84
251-3280
251-7207
252-1134
252-5061
252-8988
253-2915
253-6842
254-0769
5026-5600
5042-2803
5058-0230
5073-7944
5089-5883
5106-4060
5121-2497
5137-1173
85
254-4696
254-8623
255-2550
255-6477
256-2404
256-4331
256-8258
257-2105
5153-0094
5168-9260
5184-8651
5200-8329
5216-8231
5232-8371
5248-8772
5264-9411
86
257-6112
258-0039
258-3966
258-7893
259-1820
259-5747
259-9674
260-3601
5281-0296
5297-1426
5313-2780
5329-4421
5345-6287
5361-8391
5378-0755
5394-3358
87
Diameter.
in.
1
1
5.
1
i
in.
i
i-
f
1
1
in.
i
1
1
1
in.
i
I
h
1
i
in.
i
f
I
1
f
1
Circum.
Area.
260-7528
261-1455
261-5382
261-9309
262-3236
262-7163
263-1090
263-5017
5410-6206
542G-9299
5443-2617
5459-6222
5476-0051
5492-4118
263-8944
264-2871
264-7698
265-0725
265-4652
265-8579
266-2506
266-6433
5541-7824
5558-2881
5574-8162
5591-3730
5607-9523
5624-5554
5641-1845
5657-8357
267-0360
267-4287
267-8214
268-2141
268-6068
268-9997
269-3922
269-7849
5674-1500
5691-2517
5707-9415
5724-6947
5741-4703
5758-2697
270-1776
270-5703
271-3557
271-7484
272-1411
272-5338
272-9265
5808-8184
5825-7168
5842-6376
5859-5871
5876-5591
5893-5549
5910-5767
5927-6224
273-3192
273-7119
274-1046
274-4973
274-8900
275-2827
275-6754
276-0681
5955-6926
5961-7873
5978-9045
5996-0504
6013-2187
6030-4108
6047-6290
6064-8710
270-96.30
5.508-8446
5525-3012
57750952
5791-9445
Diameter.
88
in.
i
f
i
f
i
7
89
in.
i
1
i
i
1
1
90
in.
i
f
i
1
1
91 in.
i
J
f
1
92 in
i
i
-1
Area.
276-4608
276-8535
277-2462
277-6389
278-0316
278-4243
278-8170
279-2097
6082-1376
6099-4287
6116-7422
6134-0844
6151-4491
6169-8376
6186-2591
6203-6905
93
279-6024
279-9951
280-3878
280-7805
281-1732
281-5659
281-9586
282-3513
6221-1534
6238-6408
6256-1507
6273-6893
6291-2503
6308-8351
6326-4460
6344-0807
94
282-7440
283-1367
283-5294
283-9221
284-3148
284-7075
285-1002
285-4929
6361-7400
6379-4238
6397-1300
6424-8649
6432-6223
6450-4039
6468-2107
6486-0418
95
285-8856
286-2783
286-6710
287-0637
287-4564
287-8491
288-2418
288-6345
6503-8974
6521-7772
6539-6801
6557-6114
6573-5651
6593-5431
6611-5462
6629-5736
96
289-0272
289-4199
289-8125
290-2053
6647-6258
6665-7021
6683-8010
6701-9286
6720-0787
6738-2530
6756-4525
6774-6763
97
290-5980
290-9907
291-3834
291-7661
f
1
Diameter.
Circum.
in.
i
t
i
i
7
8
in.
1
J
1
i
1
1-
in.
1
1
2
1
1
in.
i
h
1
1
1
1
in.
i-
f
i
1-
i
i
283
Circum.
Area.
292-1688
292-5615
292-9542
293-3469
293-7396
294-1323
294-5350
294-9177
6792-9248
6811-1974
6829-4927
6847-8167
6866-1631
6884-5338
6902-9296
6921-3497
295-3104
295-7031
296-0958
296-4885
296-8812
297-2739
297-6666
298-0593
6939-7946
6958-2636
6976-7552
6995-2755
7013-8183
7032-3853
7050-9775
7069-5940
298-4520
298-8447
299-2374
299-6301
300-0228
300-4155
300-8082
301-2009
7088-2352
7106-9005
7125-5885
7144-3052
7163-0443
7181-8077
7200-5962
7219-4090
301-5936
301-9863
302-3790
302-7717
303-1644
303-5571
303-9490
304-3425
7238-2466
7257-1083
7275-9926
7294-9056
7313-8411
7332-8088
7351-7857
7370-7949
304-7352
305-1279
305-5206
305-9133
306-3060
306-6987
307-0914
309-4841
7389-8288
7408-8868
7427-9675
7447-0769
7466-2087
7485-3648
7504-5460
7523-7515
284
Diameter.
98
in.
i
i-
1
1
f
i
Circum.
Area.
Diameter.
Circum.
Area.
307-8768
308-2695
308-6622
309-0549
309-4476
309-8403
310-2330
310-6257
7542-9818
7562-2362
7581-5132
7600-8189
7620-1471
7639-4995
7658-8771
7678-2790
i
i
311-4111
311-8038
312-1965
312-5892
312-9819
313-3746
313-7673
7717-1563
7736-6297
7756-1318
7775-6563
7795-2051
7814-7790
7834-3772
314-1600
7854-0000
-1
i
-1
100
99
in.
311-0184
7697-7056
in.
Advertiseinents
ABC
50 Years.
Established
Telephone
George
H.
Code.
1252, Dundee.
LICENSED VALIERS.
Mill,
and
Factory,
Property and
Rope Work
Plant Valued
purposes)
(for
Preparing, Spinning,
Winding, Weaving
Finishing Machinery,
FIRE ASSESSORS.
suitable for
Fire
justed
Claims
prepared
&
and
ad-
Hemp,
Flax,
&
and
other
Hemps
for
Jute
Italian,
Binder
or others.
DEALERS
IN
ENGINEERS' TOOLS.
Makers of ALL-STEEL BOBBINS for Twisting Rope Yarn, Binder, Twine, &c.
Estimates given for Machinery Overhauled and put into Good Working Order.
Postal
Address,
Scotland.
Advertisements
Telephone No. 1970.
CSTIVEN & CO
R.
OIL AERCHANT5.
/niLL
for
D.
ANDERSON
SON,
Belfast.
clAS.
'banners, Curriers,
DUNDEE.
MANUFACTURERS
of
CHROME, WHITE,
and
BROWN LACES
All descriptions of
LEATHER
Advertisements
Cold Medal of Honour, Paris, 1885.
Silver Medal,
CHAS. PARKER
SONS, & CO.,
Paris, 1865.
PREPARING,
WEAVING,
AND
FINISHING
Engineers,
Machine Makers,
and
VICTORIA
FOUNDRY,
MACHINERY
(from Latest and Most
Improved Models),
and
Ironfounders.
DUNDEE.
Hemp
Textiles
do
do.
do.
do.
Linoleun^ Cloth
Jute Carpetings, Mattings, etc.
Checked Goods, with 2, 3, and 4 Shuttles.
all kinds of Canvas and Sailcloth, up to
the heaviest Nos.
PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS,
etc.
w^ith
Advertisements
THOMAS
KEAY, Ltd.
C.
FURNISHERS,
SHUTTLE, PICKER. AND BOBBIN MAKERS,
MII.I.
Parts.
Bobbins.
Tarring Machines.
Buffalo Skips.
-Fot-
Shuttles.
stnti
Flax Mills.
WOOD
SHUTTLES.
i^H0MASc7EAY
BUFFALO PICKERS.
CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION.
"GOVERNMENT"
WATERPROOF
BELT DRESSING.
Advertisetnents
"UNION SPECIAL"
The World's Best Bag Sewing Machine
Years ago the "Lnion Special"
Machine revolutionised the Bag
Sewing Trade.
To-day
it
among
Sewing Machines.
Style 1,900a.
CLASSES.
1,900.
30,100.
80,000 (ANTAEUS).
8 1,000 (HERAKLES).
Large Stock of Machines and
THOMAS
C.
KEAY, Ltd.
A dvertisenients
Telegraphic Address "
ENGINEERS, DUNDEE."
'A. B.C.'
CO.,
Code Used.
LIMITED,
and
Machine-Moulded
Machine-Cut
& Ironfounders.
Wheels
of
all
Descriptions.
all
A dvertisements
Telegraphic Address -" FOUNDERS," Dundee.
LTD.,
&
FOUNDERS.
all
classes of Linen,
PATENTEES
WARP WINDING
and
MAKERS
of the
MACHINES.
|
following Machines
IMPROVEO
CALENDERS
and
Rollers,
Five
of
Three,
Four,
with
Special
Lever
Pressure.
POWER LOOMS.
DOUBLE AND SINGLE CLOTH DAMPING
MACHINES.
SPECIAI.ITY.
PATENT OVERHEAD HAND-STITOH AND SACK SEWING MACHINES.
CHAIN STITCH AND PLAIN STITCH SEWING
Every description
of Millwright
MACHINES.
carefully executed.
A dvertisements
&
DAVID KEAY
LESLIE,
LIST
OF CONTRACTORS.
LESLIE PATENT
SPINNING SPINDLE.
of
WATER SUPPLY
and
in
all
in Steel.
Cast
& Wrot
Iron Piping.
Fittings in Stock.
Sole Agents and Erectors for Dundee and District for the Associated Auto Sprinkler Coy.
Telegrams" POWER."
A dvertiseinents.
MILL, FACTORY
Enofuicies
Lncl
Orders
invi-ted -For
Loom
Fittings.
Pipes.
etc., etc.
XiARGE srrocKs
h:e:p'X'.
Telegrams
CODES:
"Tools, Dundee."
A. B. C. 5th Edition,
Bentley's, Lieber's,
Telephone
2059.
and Private.
No.
1.
AND WAREHOUSE:
A dvertisements
Telephone 2183.
1840.
EXPORT MERCHANTS.
Large and Well Selected Stock of Plane Tree
PRESSING ROLLERS.
Agents for Scotland for
LEEDS,
rianufacturers of Spindles and Flyers for the Preparing
and Spinning
of Flax,
Tow,
and Worsted.
Jute, Silk,
Advertisevients
Es-fcablished 18T4.
WM.
R,
STEWART &
SONS,
Wood
Gills,
Sec.
HACKLE. GILL.
DUNDEE."
ESTABLISHED 1870
No. 434
VIANUFACTURERS OF
'"'""'^
Oblong, Oval, or
ovaj,
Round-made from
Fibre Sheets.
FITTED,
and
Van sent
to
Deliveries as arratiged.
IN
ALL
Prompt attention
BRANCHES,
ITS
given.
Estimates given for Covering Engine Cylinders, &c., with Blue Planished Steel also for Lubricators,
Pipes, Drip Pans, and other Engine Fittings in Brass, Copper, Zinc, &c.
;
Advertisements
JOHN COOPER
Mill,
Factory,
and
Engineers'
& SONS
Furnishers,
Setscrews
FUes. Wire, Rubber
and
Asbestos Goods, Engine Packings Jointings,
Pulleys, Belting, Buckets, 5cythestones,
.
Engineers' Tools all kinds, &c.
Bo.ts
LOOMS.
Skips,
Arbors,
Flier
Machinery, &c.
Sole Distributors of
'
These Fallers are Composite Bars, having Soft Steel Centres and Nickel Chrome Steel Ends.
A dvertiseTnents
Telegrraphic
Telephone 1108
S'h'os.
Textile
Engineers,
Mill,
COWGATE, DUNDEE.
35
Gills
and
Fallers.
All
kinds of Fallers and Gills for Jute and Flax Machinery, made
from best Solid Steel, and fitted with Gills made from best
drawn gill metal or drilled and pinned through the steel
bar
Steel
and
Gill
Firth's
Files
OF GOODS.
LIST
if required.
Best quality of
Rivets always in stock.
Drills,
Gill
Pins,
Steel Forgrings,
Files,
and
Tools.
Leather.
LUBRICANTS Batching,
Asbestos.
Rubber.
Oils.
Solid
Lubricants.
Lubricators and
Oil
and Shafting
Cans.
=SUNDRIES=
Oils
(Batching and Lubricating) Wheel, Rope, and Belt Dressing Planetree Rollers Roves Bobbins
Rosin
Glue
Tallow
Cotton Waste
Spools
Electric Lamps
Batching and other Soaps
Sponge Cloths Tying Twines Hemp Temper Bands, &c.
;
A dvertisements
MACDONALD
C.E., m.i.mech.e.,
MILL,
15
o/i/joff/ier
jj
aU
J ..
of
.
cta66e6
Buckles
Pickers, Bale Hoops,
^
of
and Rods,
Hook
c.,
c.
Walrus Fibre
Sliver
Cans
Advertisements
MACDONALD
C.E., M.I.MECH.E.,
MAKER
DUNDEE.
o-F
Mills.
Refining Mills.
Vulcanising Presses.
Spreading Machines.
Calenders.
SOLE MAKER of
Kinmond & Kidd Patent Multi=Colour Printing Machines.
M. & M. Patent Model Z Overhead Sewing Machine.
Hill's Patent Yarn Tester.
MacDonald Patent Consecutive Bag Numbering Machine.
Chilton & MacDonald Patent High=Speed Engine.
Advertisevients
Tel. No.
412
BEATH
&.
KEAY,
Tel No.
412
Address
ESTABLISHED
" FERGUSON."
18 7
Telephone No.
5.
94
15 BELL
ST.,
Mill,
Factory, and
DUNDEE.
WAREHOUSES:
AGENCIES.
SPECIALITIES.
MACHINE AND HAND TOOLS OF ALL
DESCRIPTIONS.
PLANE TREE ROLLERS.
WOOD AMD PAPER SPOOLS.
WOOD AND STEEL SPLIT PULLEYS.
BALATA, COTTON AND HAIR BELTINGS.
WHALE AND LUBRICATING OILS.
Foreign Indents carefully attended to.
all
DAVID
Engineers' Furnishers,
T.
DEWAR,
Ltd.,
Pins,
Advertisements
JAMES
F.
LOW &
CO.,
""'
MONIFIETH FOUNDRY,
MONIFIETH, SCOTLAND.
Ma.kers
O'P
Flax,
Hemp,
Jute,
and Tow.
SOLE MAKERS OF
Spences'
Pa.-ten-t
The Pra.use
Pa.en-t IVIecha.nica.1
Doffins:
Spinning' Frame.
Complete Plans and Estimates supplied
Telegrams: "Low, Monlfleth."
Telephone: No, 1, Monifieth.
for Mills.
_
/A, B, C (5th),
1
Marconi.
A dvertisevients
DIXON'S
Warehouse
Sheffield
CUTLERY.
Small Tools,
Mill
Scissors,
Porter Gauges.
You
Linen Provers.
DIXON'S
many
Lines.
^'
"'^^oir*'*
A dvertisements
HlMER, DOIG,
& PALMER,
Brassfounders and Brassfinishers,
nill.
Factory,
and Engineers'
Furnishers,
DUNDEE,
SCOTLAND.
MANUFACTURERS
of
Every Description
of
MILL STORE5
of all
kinds kept
in
Stock.
A dvertisements
WALKER &
THOMSON.
DUNDEE.
Jute Batching Oils
an d
Lubricating Oils
A dvertisements
Established
1814.
Qeorgfe Stephen
20
& Son
Iron, Steel
n e s.
1"
1".
Thread
Conduit
Dies.
PRICE LOW.
SOLE AGENTS FROM FORTH TO NORTH OF SCOTLAND.
Garden
Utensils
Garden
Rollers
Garden Sprinklers.
Castle
St, Dundee
A dvertisements
TELEPHONE
No. 647.
HALLEY BROTHERS,
Ltd
IVIANUFACTURERS OF
Steelfaced
Card
Covering,
iJUTE.
ALSO
Etc.,
COY., LTD.,
MOTOR HAULAGE CONTRACTORS
AND STEAM WAGON OWNERS,
2258
Manager.
282
Office
& Garage
(Up-to-Date Vehicles).
A dvertifscments
PRINTING
with Promptitude
Up-to-Date Plant.
Q We
can
Coiour
Q We
everything
Work
to
guarantee the
Memorandums,
Catalogues,
rapid
Balance
Statements,
production of
Sheets,
Booklets,
Textile
from Highest-class
Three-
Visiting Card.
Circulars,
Stationery
Prospectuses,
Billheads,
of
Pamphlets,
Show
Cards,
every description,
c., c.
^ Our Work
is
of
the Best,
Moderate.
::
::
Dundee
,^S!''""SrEm MASSACHUSETTS
Fairbairn
Limited.
^AIIRBAimsr!
BRANCH
WELLINGTON FOUNDHY,
UEEDS.
(TA^WS^TTi
BRANCH
(
(
HOPE FOUNDRY,
(^^OMBTBARBOUf
I.EEDS.
BRANCH
FALLS FOUNDRY,
:
BELFAST.
And
at
CALCUTTA,
Preparing
France.
and Spinning
Machinery
TWINES
for
for the
and
Manufacture of
HOPE YARNS.
IVIa.let-s
o-F
A dvertisements
Dundee Board
JAMES BARTY,
J
ERNEST COX,
Esq.
of Directors.
Esq.,
CHAS.
L.L.B.
C.
ANDREW HENDRY,
J.
A.
KYD,
DUNCAN,
Esq,
Esq
LIFE
Esq.
Personal Accident
Sickness and
\ccident
Fidelity
Guaran/
Plate
/orkmen's
npensation
Marii
J^N 2
Third
Annuit
omestic
J963
Servants
erty Owners'
idemnity
Drivers
ive
Stock
Lift
Accidents
Motor Cars