Nick Noviello

TIPS #6: COMMON RESEARCH DESIGNS

10/20/15

[One possible appropriate statistic appears between braces ]

1. BETWEEN-GROUPS DESIGNS ('Between Subjects', 'Independent Samples')
A. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL ("Ex-Post Facto", or Passive Observational)
Static Group Comparison
[ t-test or ANOVA ]
nonR
O1 (Existing groups are just compared, there's no Tx)
nonR
O2
B. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
Posttest-Only Nonequivalent Control Group Design
nonR
XA
O1
nonR
XB
O2

[ t-test or ANOVA ]

C. EXPERIMENTAL
Posttest-Only Control Group Design
R
XA
O1
R
XB
O2

[ t-test or ANOVA ]
[ Two-Way Factorial ANOVA ]

Factorial Designs (E.g.2X2)

R
XA & YA
O1
R
XA & YB
O2
R
XB & YA
O3
R
XB & YB
O4

2. WITHIN-SUBJECTS DESIGNS ('Repeated Measures', 'Dependent Samples')

A. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
[ Dependent t-test ]
O1
X
O2
B. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
Time Series Design: Multiple observations are made before and after a Tx
O1

O2

O3

O4

O5

O6

[ Repeated Measures ANOVA ]

3. MIXED DESIGNS (Split-Plot Designs)

A. EXPERIMENTAL
Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
R
O1
XA
O2
R
O3
XB
O4
Solomon Four-Group Design
R
O1
XA
O2
R
O3
XB
O4
R
XA
O5
R
XB
O6

[ Mixed ANOVA ]

[ 2x2 Factorial ANOVA or t-tests]

10/20/2015

Research Design

Week 11 Study Guide

Crossover Design (Single Factor Two-Level Design)

[ Mixed ANOVA ]
R
O1
XA
O2
XB
O3
R
O4
XB
O5
XA
O6
Multiple Treatment Counterbalanced Designs (Multifactor Designs)
Latin Square Designs
Completely Balanced Designs
B. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design
nonR
O1
XA
O2
nonR
O3
XB
O4

[ Mixed ANOVA ]

4. SINGLE-CASE DESIGNS
A. EXPERIMENTAL
ABAB Designs
Multiple-Baseline design
Changing-Criterion Design
B. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

[ Repeated-Measures ANOVA ]

CORRELATIONAL STUDIES (Ex Post Facto Studies)

These involve measuring subjects on two variables,
[ Pearsons r, Spearmans Rho, etc.]
neither of which has been manipulated by the experimenter.
Typically a correlation coefficient is then computed. These are all passive-observational.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTATION:
R
Random assignment
nonR Nonrandom assignment
O
Observation of the subject on the dependent variable
XA
The subject receives the active or new treatment on the independent
variable.
XB
The subject receives the control or comparison treatment on the
independent variable. (This is often just left blank in texts)
YA,YB Similar to XA, XB for a second independent variable.
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DEFINITIONS
Between-groups (or "between subjects" or "independent samples") designs manipulate the
independent variable by administering different levels of the independent variable to different subjects.
Within-subjects (or "repeated measures" or "dependent samples") designs administer different
levels of the independent variable at different times to the same group of subjects.
Single-subject designs manipulate the independent variable as the within-subjects designs do, but
focus on the performance of a single subject rather than the average of a group of subjects.
Mixed (or split-plot) designs combine aspects of the within-subjects and between-subjects designs.
Adapted from Bordens, K.S. and Abbott, Bruce B., Research Design and Methods (1996)

10/20/2015

Research Design

Week 11 Study Guide

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