UNIT I

MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION,
ORGANISATION
By
Pratheesh p k

Syllabus
Modern trends in management- theories,
functions and effectiveness indicators
Educational management meaning and

difference with industrial management

Importance of study of educational
management
Different components of management of

educational system
Structure of management at Central, State,
District and Panchayat levels

MANAGEMENT

Management is the
process of Planning,
Organizing, Staffing,
Directing and Controlling
to accomplish
organizational objectives
through the coordinated
use of human and
material resources.

Management Definition s
Management: The act of organizing people and
resources in aim of desired goals and purposes

The coordination of people within an

organization to come together and work
efficiently and effectively.
The process of resolving conflict and helping
people work well as a team.

Everyone becomes a manager

someday

Importance of Management
Achievement of Group Goals
Optimum Utilization of Resources
Fulfillment of Social Obligations
Stability
Human Resource Development

Functions of management
Planning

Select goals
& ways to
attain them

Controlling
Monitor
activities &
make
corrections

Organizing

Assign
responsibility
for tasks

Leading

Motivating

Use
influence to
motivate

1. Planning
Planning is the most basic or
primary function of management.
It is basically deciding in
advance, what is to be done;
when is to be done and by whom
it is to be done.

2. Organizing
After planning, next step is organizing. The process of
organizing consists of following steps:

1. Determining and defining activities to achieve goal.

2. Grouping of activities into convenient and logical
group.

3. Assigning duties to people at various levels.

4. Delegating authority to people at different level
5. Defining and fixing responsibility for performance

3. Leading
It consists of :

1. Issuing orders and instructions

2. Supervision of Work
3. Motivation i.e. creating willingness to
work
4. Communication with employees
5. Leadership or influencing the behavior
of employees.

4. Controlling
It consists of:

1. Establishing standards for measurement of

performance
2. Measuring performance and comparing with
standard
3. Finding reasons for variation among different
employees performance
4. Taking corrective action for attainment of goal

Educational management definition

Educational management is the theory and

practice of the organisation and administration
of existing educational establishments and
system.- G. Terry Page and J.B Thomas
Management implies an orderly way of thinking
. It describes in operational terms what is to be
done, how it is to be done, and how we know
when we have done. Management is not a
mystique (mystery). It is a method of operation.
Good management should result in an orderly
integration of education and society.
- Shelly Umana

Importance of study of educational

According to Sir Gaham Balfour

The purpose of educational management is to

enable the pupils to receive the right education
from the right teachers , at a cost within the
means of the state, which will enable pupils to
profit by their learning.
An efficient and sound system of educational
management is, in fact the basis of Good
Democracy

Functions of educational
management
Forecasting

Planning

Decision
making

organisation

Supervision

motivation

Evaluation

control

coordination

Recording
and
reportingg

In the management literature 5 Ms of

management called as:
1. Money: financial
resource
2. Men: Human
resources
3. Material: natural
resources
4. Method: production
methods
5. Machine: tools and
equipment

Concepts
of
Educational
Administration

Administration
can be defined
as the process by which
goals are achieved through
collective and
cooperative human effort
in a suitable environment.

Running
of educational institutions,
Involves guidance, leadership, and
controlling
of the efforts of individuals
in the achievement of the goals of the
institution.

Educational administration definition

Ordway Tead has been defined administration as
a comprehensive effort to direct, guide and integrate
associating human strivings which are focussed towards
some specific ends of aims.
Educational administration is to enable the right pupil to
receive to right education from right teachers, at a cost
within the means of the state under conditions which will
enable the pupils best to profit by their training.
```

- Graham Balfour-

Educational administration definition

Educational administration is a service
activity through which the objectives of
the educational process may be
effectively realised.-Focks,Wish and Rufner
Like other administrations, Educational
administration is a Process of 5 elementsPlanning, organising, direction, control
and coordination- Henry fayol.

Characteristics of Educational administration

Educational administration is an integrated process
Educational administration is a human process
The form of Educational administration is dynamic

Objective of Educational administration is to bring about improvement

in the working of the school.
Objective of Educational administration is to bring about professional
development in the Educational Workers.

22

IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

For the purpose of becoming an effective leader or manager who is incharge of an educational institution needs to be familiar with the
theoretical concepts and best practices relating to educational
administration.
It is the administration and/or management of institutions designed to
foster teaching and learning
These institutions include

public and private schools

technical education colleges
Special education institutions
public and private universities

Educational Administration
It has certain aspects common to other fields of management,
such as, public administration, hospital administration and
business management.
Educational Administration is not only a field of practice but is
also a field of study. In the early part of the twentieth century
that Educational Administration emerged as a separate field
of study.

Scope of school management

Moral
development
and school
management

Management
of school and
social
development

Management
of school and
intellectual
development

Management
of school and
Physical
development

Management
of school and
aesthetic
development

Management
of school and
vocational
training.

Management and administration

Management and administration may
seem the same, but there are differences
between the two. Administration has to do
with the setting up of objectives and
crucial policies of every organization.
What is understood by management,
however, is the act or function of putting
into practice the policies and plans
decided upon by the administration.

Difference between Administration

and Management
Administration

Management

Administration has to do with the

setting up of objectives and
crucial policies of every
organization.

. Management is the act or

function of putting into practice
the policies and plans decided
upon by the administration.

Administration is a determinative
function,

while management is an
executive function.

Administration makes the

important decisions of an
enterprise in its entirety

whereas management makes the

decisions within the confines of
the framework, which is set up by
the administration.

Difference between Administration

and Management
Administration
Administrators are mainly
found in government, military,
religious and educational
organizations
Administration is the top level
activity.
The decisions of an
administration are shaped by
public opinion, government
policies, and social and
religious factors

Management
Management, on the other
hand, is used by business
enterprises.
whereas management is a
middle level activity
management decisions are
shaped by the values,
opinions and beliefs of the
mangers.

Difference between Administration and

Management
Administration
In administration, the
planning and organizing
of functions are the key
factors
Administration is above
management, and
exercises control over the
finance and licensing of
an organization.

Management

so far as
management is
concerned, it involves
motivating and
controlling functions
Management is really
a subset of
administration

conclusion
Therefore, we can see that these
two terms are distinct from one
another, each with their own set
of functions. Both these functions
are crucial, in their own ways, to
the growth of an organization.

Management theories
Management theories are implemented to help
increase organizational productivity and service quality.
Not many managers use a singular theory or concept
when implementing strategies in the workplace: They
commonly use a combination of a number of theories,
depending on the workplace, purpose and workforce.
Contingency theory, chaos theory and systems theory
are popular management theories. Theory X and Y,
which addresses management strategies for workforce
motivation, is also implemented to help increase worker
productivity.

Theory X and Theory Y

The management theory an individual chooses to utilize is strongly influenced
by beliefs about worker attitudes. Managers who believe workers naturally
lack ambition and need incentives to increase productivity lean toward the
Theory X management style.
Theory Y believes that workers are naturally driven and take responsibility.
While managers who believe in Theory X values often use an authoritarian style
of leadership, Theory Y leaders encourage participation from workers.
Taylors theory

Fayols 14 principles of Management

Drukers theory

Theories of management
Management is an art of knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is
done in the best possible manner." (planning and controlling) F.W. Taylor
Taylors theory-

Scientific management consists of five principles

1.

Replacement of old rule of thumb method

2.

Scientific selection and training of workers

3.

Co- operation between laborers and management

4.

Maximum output

5.

Equal division of responsibility.

Fayols 14 principles of Management

1. Division of work

2. Authority and responsibility

3. Discipline

4. Unity of command

5. Unity of direction

6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest

7. Remuneration of personnel

8. Centralization and decentralization

9.Scalar chain

10. order

11. Equity
12. Stability of tenure of the personnel

13.Initiative
14.Espirit de corps (union is strength)

Drukers theory
Management by objectives (MBO method)
MBO measures the performance of employees
as compared to typical standards for the job.
The belief is that, if employees help determine
those standards, they will be more likely to fulfill
them.

Drucker's SMART Method

Drucker's SMART Method is a means of
checking to make sure an objective is valid.
Managers carried out this verification by using
the SMART acronym to make sure the objective
is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic
and Time-related.

Structure of management at Central, State,

District and Panchayat levels

Uneconomic Schools
According to a circular of the Department of General Education in 2012,
schools from lower primary to high school-level which have less than 60
students (average of 15 students in according to class) are termed
uneconomic.
New Indianexpress 31st May 2014
According to Kerala Education rule 22 ,para 1 ,a minimum strength of 25 in
lower primary primary and upper primary.

THANKS