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A
100
B
50
C
Progress of reaction
The above diagram is the energy profile diagram for an exothermic reaction. Among A,
B, C and D , which represents the activation energy of the reaction?
2)
Which of the following explains why the rate of hydrogen released decreases with time?
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
I Mass of zinc decreases
II Mass of zinc chloride increases
III Concentration of acid decreases
IV Volume of acid decreases
A III only
B I and II only
3)
Which of the following acids produces the highest initial rate of reaction if 6 g of calcium
carbonate is put into it?
A 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
B 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
C 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
D 100 cm3 of 5 mol dm-3 ethanoic acid
4)
Graph P in the diagram below is obtained from the reaction between 5 g of zinc powder
(in excess) and 50 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Volume of gas / cm3
Q
P
Time /s
Which of the following are probably the reactants that produce graph Q?
A 5 g of zinc pieces and 50 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
B 6 g of zinc powder and 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
C 6 g of zinc pieces and 100 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
D 5 g of zinc pieces and 100 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
5)
170
Ea
P+Q
100
Eb
R+S
50
Progress of reaction
Graph I in the diagram below shows the graph of volume of gas against time for the
reaction between 6 g of zinc pieces and 50 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid.
Volume of gas / cm3
I
II
Time /s
7)
Which of the following shows correctly the graph of concentration of solution against
rate of reaction for the reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and dilute
hydrochloric acid?
A
Concentration
Concentration
Rate of
reaction
B
Rate of D
reaction
Concentration
Concentration
Rate of
reaction
Rate of
reaction
8)
The diagram below shows the graph of volume of gas against time for the reaction
between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Volume of gas / cm3
240
Time /s
What is the mass of calcium carbonate that reacts with the acid in this experiment?
[Relative formula mass: CaCO3 = 100; Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]
A1g
B 10 g
9)
C 20 g
D 24 g
The reaction between dilute nitric acid and zinc produces hydrogen. This reaction is
completed within 60 seconds and the maximum volume of gas released is 120 cm 3.
Calculate the average rate of reaction.
A 0.5 cm3 s-1
C 1.5 cm3 s-1
3 -1
B 1.0 cm s
D 2.0 cm3 s-1
10)
Paper 2
Structured question
Two experiments are conducted to study the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction between
marble chips and hydrochloric acid.
Experiment I
Experiment II
(a)
(b)
(c)
10 g of zinc pieces (in excess) and 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
10 g of zinc pieces (in excess), 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and
2 cm3 of copper(II) sulphate solution
Time
(d) (i) In which experiment is the rate of reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid higher?
(ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i) based on the collision theory.
(e) Calculate the maximum mass of zinc that reacts in this experiment.
[Relative atomic mass: Zn = 65]
(f) State three other factors besides the catalyst that affects the rate of reaction in this
experiment.
Essay question
(a) Porridge that is stored in a refrigerator will last longer than porridge that is placed on the
dining table. Explain this statement.
[4
marks]
(b) Three experiments had been carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of
reaction. The table below shows the reaction condition for each of the experiments.
Experiment
I
II
III
Reactants
Excess zinc pieces and 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Excess zinc pieces and 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
Excess zinc powder and 25 cm3 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
(i) Sketch the graph of volume of gas collected against the time for Experiments I, II and III,
using the same axes.
[3 marks]
(ii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1, Cl = 35.5, Zn = 65, and the molar volume of
any gas is 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure, calculate the maximum volume of
hydrogen produced in Experiment I.
[4 marks]
(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I if the maximum volume of hydrogen
is collected in 120 seconds.
[2 marks]
(d) Based on the graph drawn in (b)(i), compare the rate of reaction between Experiment II and
Experiment III. Explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision
theory.
[4 marks]
(e) The rate of reaction in Experiments I, II and III can be increased by adding copper(II)
sulphate solution. Explain the role of copper(II) sulphate solution based on the collision
theory.
[3 marks]
Paper 3
Answers
Paper 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
C
B
D
C
A
B
A
D
A
Paper 2
Structured question
(a) Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
(b) To increase the rate of reaction
(c)
Volume of gas / cm3
II
I
Time /s
Zn(s)
?g
0.01mol
MV = number of moles
1000
0.2 x 50 = 0.01 mol
1000
Number of moles of HCl = 0.01 mol
1 mol of Zn reacts with 2 mol of HCl
0.01/2 = 0.005 mol of Zn reacts with 0.01 mol of HCl
Number of moles of Zn = 0.005 mol
Therefore, mass of Zn = 0.005 x 65 = 0.325 g
(f) Temperature of reaction, size of zinc and concentration of hydrochloric acid
Essay question
(a)
- Bacteria is active at room temperature
- Bacteria carry out biochemical processes
- Bacteria produce toxins
- The rate of food decay is higher at room temperature
(b)(i)
Volume of gas
III
II
I
Time / s
(ii)
0.0025 mol
Zn(s)
0.00125 mol
Paper 3
(i) To study the effect of the reactant size on the rate of reaction
(ii) Variable that is manipulated: Size of the zinc
Variable that responds: Rate of reaction
Variable that is fixed: Volume and concentration of the hydrochloric acid / mass of the zinc
(iii) Material: 1 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid, 2 g of zinc pieces, 2 g of zinc powder
Apparatus: Measuring cylinder, conical flask, stopwatch
(iv)
- 25 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid is measured and poured into the conical
flask
- 2 g of zinc pieces is put into the hydrochloric acid
- The stopwatch is started immediately
- The mixture of substances is shaken slowly
- The time taken for all the zinc pieces to dissolve is recorded
- The experiment is repeated using zinc powder
- The volume and concentration of hydrochloric acid and the mass of zinc used are
the same
(v)
Size of zinc
Time taken /s
Zinc pieces
Zinc powder