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INDIRECT SPEECH
Quoting the exact words of the speeker is called The Direct Speech.
Reporting of what a speaker said without quoting his exact words is called Indirect
Speech.
Indirect Speech
now
then
here
there
here after
there after
this
that
these
those
ago
before
thus
so
to-day
that day
to-night
that night
last night
yesterday
tomorrow
last week
last month
next month
a month after
RULE 2 TENSES
TENSE CHANGE - IN - INDIRECT SPEECH
Present simple tense into Past simple
Present Continuous tense into Past continuous
Present Perfect tense into Pas perfect
Present Perfect Continuous into Past perfect continuous
Past simple into Past Perfect
Past Continuous into Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect into Past Perfect
Future simple, will into would
Future Continuous, will be into would be
Future Perfect, will have into would have
Examples.
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT SIMPLE
He said, I write a letter
PAST SIMPLE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
changes into
changes into
PAST CONTINUOUS
clothes.
I said, it is raining
She said, I am not laughing
PRESENT PERFECT
changes into
PAST PERFECT
changes into
PAST PERFECT
Oclock
3 Oclock.
days.
days.
PAST TENSE
PAST SIMPLE
changes into
PAST CONTINUOUS
changes into
PAST PERFECT
weather
He said to me that he had been waiting
He said to me, I was waiting for you
for me.
I said that it had been raining.
PAST PERFECT
changes into
PAST PERFECT
York.
York.
FUTURE TENSE
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
WILL changes into WOULD
He said, I will study the book
They said to me, we will send you gifts They said to me that they would send
you gifts.
I said, I will not take the exam
home
new home.
RULE 3
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
said,
can
drive
She
said,
he
can
play
a
a
car He
violin. She
said
said
that
he
could
that
he
could
drive
play
a
a
car.
violin.
He
She
said,
said,
I
he
may
may
buy
visit
He
said,
must
work
hard
He
said
that
he
had
to
work
hard.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
Would
They said, we would apply for a visa They said that they would apply for visa.
He
said,
would
start
Could
She
said,
she
could
play
They said, we couldnt learn the lesson They said they couldnt learn the lesson.
Might
He
She
said,
guests
said,
it
might
come He
might
said
rain She
said
that
guest
that
it
might
might
come.
rain.
Should
He said, I should avail the opportunity He said that he should avail the opportunity.
She
said,
should
help
him She
said
that
she
should
help
him.
Ought to
Remove the quotation marks and question mark in the interrogative sentence.
Use if or whether if the sentence inside the quotation marks begins with a helping
verb (Auxiliary verb).
Use the given interrogative word (what, when, where, why, who, whom, whose, which,
now etc.) if it does not begin with the helping verb.
Changing the reporting verb (say, said) into ask or enquire in its correct tense.
Omit helping verb like do, does, did. But dont omit them when they are with not.
1. Wont you help me to caary this box? said I to my friend. (D.S.)
I asked my friend if he would not help me to carry that box. (I.S.)
2. Mohan said to Stalin, Why did not you attend the meeting yesterday? (D.S.)
Mohan asked Stalin why he had not attended the meeting the day before. (I.S.)
3. How often do you go to the theatre? said David to John. (D.S.)
David asked John how often he went to the theatre. (I.S.)
Question
YES/NO.
which
cannot
be
answered
in
Examples.
Direct speech: He said to me, how are you?
Indirect speech: He asked me how I was. (Not, how was I)
Direct speech: Teacher said to him, what is your name?
Indirect speech: Teacher asked him what his name was.
Direct speech: She said to him, why did you come late?
Indirect speech: She asked him why he had come late.
Direct speech: He said, when will they come?
Indirect speech: He asked when they would come.
Direct speech: She asked his son, why are you crying?
Indirect speech: She asked her son why he was crying.
If the verb is not given, use Be form verb (is, was, are, were, am) in its correct tense
according to the subject.
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