Sopmangga Gincu

STANDARD PROCEDURE PREFACE
FROM THE DIRECTOR OF FRUIT CROP

OPERATIONAL (SOP)
Mango is one of the high priority fruit crops in which

government of Indonesia pay more attention on its
development. Market demand of domestic mango is very high.
Arumanis and Gedong Gincu are the most demanded mango
cultivars. Arumanis plays more in the domestic market than in
the international market. While Gedong Gincu has a high
demand in both domestic and international markets.
MANGO Even though mango is highly demanded and widely cultivated,
Cv. GEDONG GINCU almost all of mango growers manage their orchard traditionally
and it is worsen by inappropriate postharvest handling. As a
result, the quality of the fruits cannot be maximized. Therefore,
CIREBON DISTRICT most of the product do not meet the consumer preferences in
the international market.
Several superior mango cultivars are cultivated in widely
spread areas from the western to eastern part of Indonesia.
Amongst the superior mango cultivars, Gedong Gincu is the
highest internationally marketable mango from Indonesia that
has to compete with mangos from other countries, such as
Australia, Brazil and Thailand.
One of Gedong Gincu main production centers is Cirebon
District that some of the products has already exported to the
DIRECTORATE OF FRUIT CROP CULTIVATION USA and Middle East. Therefore, it is important to maintain its
competitiveness by providing and implementing an appropriate
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HORICULTURE
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), which is supported by
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE highly committed farmer’s institutions and appropriate
2006 marketing techniques.
It is expected that Gedong Gincu from Cirebon district could
widen the market and farmers will gain benefit from the high
quality and safety of their products. Finally, we realize that this
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book is still need improvements, therefore your suggestions are TABLE OF CONTENTS
highly appreciated for its excellence.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
I PREFACE i-ii
Jakarta, September 2007 II TARGET iii-iv
Director, III ACTIVITY v-vi
IV ON FARM
1 Land Preparation I-1
Ir. Sri Kuntarsih, MM 2 Seedling Preparation II-1
NIP. 080.069.442 3 Planting III-1
4 Pruning IV-1
5 Fertilization V-1
6 Weeding VI-1
7 Irrigation VII-1
8 Fruit trimming VIII-1
9 Fruit wrapping IX-1
10 Pest and Disease Control X-1
11 Harvest XI-1
V PASCA PANEN.
1 Fruit collecting XII-5
2 Fruit sorting XII-6
3 Grading XII-7
4 Labelling XII-9
5 Packaging XII-10
6 Storing XII-11
7 Distribution XIII-1

I. PREFACE. II. TARGETS
Targets will be achieved by applying the SOP are reach

Cirebon district is one of the mango production the optimum production and to meet the standard of
centers in Indonesia. One of its superior cultivar is export quality.
Gedong Gincu, which is become one of the Indonesian a. The production target of Gedong Gincu is 50 kg/tree,
superior fruits, because of its competitiveness value. The from 10 year old tree.
development of Gedong Gincu, is conducted by a small b. The quality standard that will be achieved by
scale farmers in their house yard, and also executed by applying SOP, is that the fruit should be:
the collaboration program between Indonesian - Uniform in variety
Government and the government of Japan (JBIC, IP-477), - Uniform in maturity level
with the area of 1000 ha, that developed since year - Fruit is intact, no cracking, cut off or peeled off.
19997/1998 until 2001. - The fruit production will consist of 35 % of grade
In year 2005 the total production area of mango A, 35% of grade B and 40 % of grade C.
in Cirebon district was 6.910 ha, with the population of Whereas:
691.046 trees. Whereas the areas of Gedong Gincu Grade A : 300-350 gram.
cultivar were 2.150 ha, in which the productive trees were Grade B : 250-300 gram.
215.000 trees, and its production were 35.960 tons. Grade C : 200-250 gram "
In general, Gedong Gincu that produced in - Uniform in fruit hardness, in which it is
Cirebon district has low quality ( in the matter of size, categorized as super quality ( hard), 1st quality
color, taste, uniformity maturity level, low productivity (hard) and 2 nd quality (quite hard).
and unsmooth of skin surface). All of these conditions - Free from the black spot on the skin surface.
happened because of mostly fruit are produced from a - Free from bruise caused by any strikes.
traditional plantation, with limited cultivation technology - Save to be consumed.
applied. - Fresh
In order to overcome these problems, producers - The sweetness level (Dissolve sugar rate / MASS
need a guidance to produce high quality mango. SUCROSE) at the time of harvesting is ± 14 brix
Therefore, this Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) (the maturity level are 75 %).
book is useful for farmers to improve the production of
Gedong Gincu in Cirebon District as well as its qulity.
ii
iii

STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE
ACTIVITY
Standard Operational Number Date
Prosedure SOP. M.G C
In order to improve the quality of Gedong Gincu, Page Revision
it needs special handling and treatment, including Land Preparation I/3
improving the management and applying the on farm and
post harvest technologies especially on the productive age I. Land preparation
of trees. Activities that closely related to the determined A. Definition :
targets and goals are land preparation, seedling It is an activity of land preparation for making a
preparation, planting, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, planting media to support the optimum plant growth.
pest and disease control, fruit trimming, harvesting and
post harvest handling.The government of Cirebon District B. Goals :
has declared that Gedong Gincu is a spesific superior To provide a good planting media so that the plant
variety from Cirebon District, therefore at this moment can have sufficient root zone, according to the land
they have allocated some funds for developing the characteristic for mango.
Gedong Gincu.
This policy is well accepted by the society and C. Validation
they are ready to develop Gedong Gincu on their lands. 1. Experiences of the Trigatra Rajasa company.
However, most of th growers still have lack of knowledge 2. P2AH ( JBIC) Farmer Group of mango in Cirebon
to develop Gedong Gincu. According to this matter, The District.
Directorate of Fruit Crop Cultivation facilitates by 3. Pledged farmer group of the Lemah Abang Sub
publishing the book of Standard Operation Procedure distric
(SOP) of Gedong Gincu with the purpose of improving
knowledge of the local staffs and providing a reference D. Tools and materials
on developing mango especially cultivar Gedong Gincu. a. Papers/stationeries/ruler
b. Bamboo/chopping knife/knife/big hammer
c. Altimeter
d. Hoe/spade/fork
e. Carriage
I-1
iv

Prosedure SOP. M.G C Standard Operational Number Date
Page Revision Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Land Preparation 2/3 Page Revision
Land Preparation 3/3
f. Meter.
g. Compass. c. Determine the location for irrigation canal, water
h. Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer reservoir, and road for coming in and out of the
i. Cleaver. field, and also the place to collect the product after
harvesting.
E. Function of the tools and materials d. Cut down the trees and pull out all of the left over
a. Paper/stationeries/ruler, are used as writing roots in the soil.
materials for making the plantation design. e. Clear away the roots from the land.
b. Bamboo/chopping knife/knife/big hammer, are used f. Chop the cut tree into small parts to ease carrying
as tools and materials for making stakes. and clearing the location
c. Altimeter are used for measuring the land altitude. g. Collect the wood garbage, pile them according to
d. Hoe/spade/fork are used for processing/preparing the land contour
the soil. h. Make a terrace; if the land is inclined more than
e. Carriage is used for carrying the rubbish and other 10%
materials during the land preparation. i. Determined the position of the planting holes with
f. Meter is used for measuring the land size and the the distance of 10x10 m and then make the
plant distance. planting hole with the size of 70x70x70 cm (for the
g. Compass is used for determining the direction. loose soil ) or 100x100x100 cm (for the compact
h. Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is used for soil or stony land).
adding the soil nutrition as growth media for mango j. Separated the upper layer soil (0-30 cm deep) and
tree. lower layer soil (30-70 cm deep).
i. Cleaver is used for cutting the grass. k. Leave the planting hole open for ± 2 weeks before
planting.
l. Mix the upper layer soil with organic fertilizer (20-
F. Procedure : 40 kg) and SP- 36 fertilizer (200 gr).
a. Measuring and mapping the land. m. Make a note for all the land preparation activity on
b. Plot every block of the planting field. the controlling card.
I-3
I-2

Page Revision Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Seedling preparation Page Revision
I/3 Seedling preparation 2/3
II. Seedling Preparation E. Function of the tools and materials
a. Seedling is used as a planting material which will
A. Definition :
be cultivated.
Seedling preparation is an activity on providing good
b. Knife/scissor are used for cutting the polybag
quality of plant materials (seedling) which is
c. Carriage is used for carrying the seedling to the
produced from superior variety that free from pests
planting location.
and diseases, at the right amount and in the correct
time.
F. Procedure
a. Calculate the number of seedling required
B. Goals :
according to the land size (about 100-125 trees /
a. To provide good quality seedling that made from
ha) and reserved about 10% for replacing the
a superior variety, as it is required.
dead seedling.
b. To guarantee that the seedling is free from pest
b. Seedling must be in a good quality and labeled
and disease problems.
(blue-pink label) from the clone which has been
c. To make the plant grow well and produce the
released by Minister of Agriculture (Gedong
optimum productivity
Gincu) with the following specification:
- Have 60-80 cm high with the diameter of 1-
C. Validation
1.5 cm.
a. Reference from Food Crop Agency of the West
- The stem color is brownish-dark green and it
Java Province, 2004
is straight and un-branch.
b. Center of Research on Seed Sertification of the
- The leave color is shining green and has
West Java Province.
formed 3 flushes
- Seedling should have six months or more
D. Tools and Material
after grafting.
a. Seedling
- Seedling sould be free from pests and
b. Knife/scissors
diseases
c. Carriage
II-1 II-2

Standard Operational Number Date Standard Operational Number Date
Prosedure SOP. M.G Prosedure SOP. M.G C
C Page Revision
Seedling preparation Page Revision Planting 1/3
3/3
- Seedling is made from a vegetative breeding III. Planting.
(i.e.grafting)
c. Seedling must be produced by the registered and A. Definition :
labeled seed breeder, and made from the Represent activities start from planting the seedling
determined of plant source which have strong until the plant can stand up and ready to grow in the
bottom stem characteristic and resistant from field.
diseases.
d. Make a note of the date mentioned at the label of B. Goals:
the used seedling. To guarantee that the seedling will have an optimum
growth.
C. Validation.
a. Fruit farmer group (participant of the P2AH
project in Cirebon District)
b. An experience of Maju Jaya Farmer Group, in
Lemah Abang Subdistrict
D. Tools and Material.

a. High quality seedling
b. Hoe/spade/forks
c. Carriage
d. Organic and inorganic fertilizer
e. Knife/scissors
II-3 III-1

Prosedure SOP. M.G C Prosedure SOP. M.G
Page Revision C
Planting 2/3 Planting Page Revision
3/3
E. Function of the tools and materials h. Check the seedling carefully, in which its stem
a. High quality of seedling is used as planting shpuld be straight and has lots of roots
material which will bw planted in the prepared i. Plant the seedling vertically. If the seedling is
planting hole. from grafting it should be placed to face the wind
b. Hoe/spade/fork are used as tools in the cultivation blows to avoid the bud to breaking. If the seedling
c. Carriage is used for carrying the seedling and is from implant seedling, the gap between the join
rubbish during planting. should be vertical (upright) to the wind blows.
d. Organic and inorganic fertilizers are used as j. Plant the seedling ± 5 cm above the stem base, ±
additional nutrition that is required in early 25 cm below the grafting area.
growth of the plant. k. Cover the planting hole with the soil that has been
e. Knife scissors is used for cutting the polybag. left open for 2 weeks and slightly pressed around
the soil that coming from the polybag.
F. Procedures : l. Use bamboo sticks as stakes and placed beside the
a. Planting the seedling in the rainy season plant, to support the seedling grows upright.
b. Check the condition of the planting hole m. Tied up the stakes with string, but don't be too
c. Calculate the number of seedling required. tight
d. Calculate the number of worker required n. In order to protect the young plant (seedling), put
according to the land size (5 man-working-days/ a temporary shelter made from coconut leaves/
hectare). straw/dry grass/plaited bamboo for about 1-2
e. Preparing the organic fertilizer of 40 kg/ha and months
SP-36 fertilizer of 20-40 kg/ha o. Provide the seedling with enough water
f. Do briefing to the workers before planting. p. Make a note of the planting date on controlling
g. Cut the polybag carefully from the bottom to the card.
side way
III-2
III-3

Prosedure SOP. M.G C Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Page Revision Page Revision
Pruning 1/7 Pruning 2/7
IV. Pruning. D. Tools and Materials

a. Scissors.
Pruning of mango trees is divided in two types which b. Saw.
are: c. Lubricant from motorcycle machine.
1. Plant shaping (framing) pruning d. Soft brush
2. Plant maintenance/production pruning. e. Ladder
Plant shaping (framing) pruning E. Function :

A. Definition. a. Scissors are used for cutting buds, and small
It is an activity to cut off the branches/ small braches branches
in order to form the plant canopy. The plant canopy b. Saw is used for cutting the big branches
is formed in the pattern of 1-3-9-27, in which plant c. Lubricant from motorcycle machine is used as
has 1 main branch, 3 primary branches, 9 secondary material to covering the wound caused by cutting
branches, and 27 tertiary branches. d. Soft brush is used for spreading the lubricant on
the cutting surface of the small branches.
B. Goals e. Laddder is used for reaching the untouchable
To form the basic frame of the plant, in order to small braches that need to be cut.
support its high productivity.
F. Precedures:
C. Validation a. Prune the branch of mango seedling according to
a. Roedhy Poerwanto. ( 2003). Teaching Material: the pattern of 1-3-9-27
The Fruits Cultivation. Bogor Institute of b. Do the first pruning for plant shaping when the
Agriculture. plant is still young (has about 80-100 cm high)
b. Suka Mulya Farmer Association of mango in c. Maintain the 3 primary branches with a balance
Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon angle (120º distance from each others). The other
unwanted branches need to be cut until ± 1 cm
from the branch base.
IV-2
IV-1

Page Revision Plant Page Revision
Pruning 3/7 Maintenance/Production 4/7
pruning
d. From the each primary branch, maintain the 3
secondary branches and so on until it creates a Plant Maintenance/Production pruning
compact branching and the plant canopy is formed
as a half dome with the leaves scattered evenly. A. Definition
e. Repeat pruning of the main brach if on the cutting To cut off the ineffective branches/small branches, to
area only produce 1 or 2 buds. stimulate the growth of vegetatif buds on the small
f. Do the next pruning when the brach has reached 1 branch which previously bearing fruit, s well as to
m or about 3-6 months after the first pruning. control the excessive plant growth and to support
g. Make a note of all pruning activities on the continuity of the fruit production.
controlling card, in order to determine the time for
the following pruning. B. Goals
To optimize the plant growth and its production, as
well as to maintain the fruit production continuity.
C. Validation
a. Roedhy Poerwanto. ( 2003). Teaching material:
The Fruits Cultivation. Bogor Institute of
Agriculture.
b. Tegal Reso Farmer Group, in Beber, Cirebon
c. Reference from Food Crop Agency of the West
Java Province, 2004
D. Tools and materials

a. Scissors.
b. Saw.
Picture 1. Plant shaping (framing) pruning on the c. Lubricant from motorcycle machine.
mango tree d. Soft brush
IV-3
IV-4

Plant Page Revision Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Maintenance/Production 5/7 Plant Page Revision
Pruning Maintenance/Production 6/7
e. Ladder Pruning
E. Function :
a. Scissors are used for cutting buds, and branches. D E
b. Saw is used for cutting the big branch A
c. Lubricant from motorcycle machine is used as C
material to covering the wound caused by cutting B
d. Soft brush is used for spreading the lubricant on E
the cutting surface on the small braches.
e. Ladder is used for reaching the untouchable small
braches that need to be cut.
F. Procedures :
a. Do the maintenance pruning by cutting the water
buds of the productive plant.
b. Cut off the branches that have small angle and
attacked by pest and disease, then burn it on the
prepared site. Picture2 a. Plant Maintenance Pruning
c. Cut of the dense, overlapping and hidden
branches. Note: 2a
d. In order to maintain the optimum plant heigh of 3 A = the dead and weak branches, and also attacked by
m, cut off the upper canopy (one internodes from pest and disease
the branch tip/terminal) that previously bearing B = water bud
fruits. C = expanded branch
e. Cut off the branches that grow inward the plant D = dense, overlapping and hidden branches
canopy or grow downward. E = Plant crown
f. Make a note of all the pruning activities.
IV-5 IV-6

Page Revision
Plant Page Revision
Fertilization I/7
Maintenance/Production 7/7
pruning
V. Fertilization.
B Fertilization in the mango tree is divided into 2 parts
which are :
C
A
1. Fertilization for the non-productive tree (young
tree)
2. Fertilization for the productive tree
Fertilization for the non-productive tree

A. Definition
It is an activity of adding nutrition to the soil in order
to fulfill substances as they are required by the plant.
D The fertilizer dose applied for each young or non-
productive Gedong Gincu tree.
B. Goals
To provide optimum plant growth and to maintain
the nutrition status in the soil.
Picture 2 b. After bearing fruit pruning C. Validation

Note : 2b : a. Research Center for Tropical Fruit – IPB, 2002.
A = the dead and weak branches and also attacked by pest Manual on applying the integrated quality
and disease assurance of mango
B = water bud b. Fruit farmer group, participant of P2AH (JBIC)
C = Expanded branch project in Cirebon District
D = dense, overlapping branches and branches that grow c. Reference from Food Crop Agency of the West
downward Java Province
E = The former fruit stalk
V-1
IV-7

Fertilization 2/7 Fertilization 3/7
d. “Matang Pohon” Fruit Farmer Group in Lemah
Abang Subdistrict, Cirebon f. Fertilization methods :
- Make furrow around the tree, based on the size
D. Tools and materials plant canopy.
a. Organic and inorganic fertilizer - Make furrow (L shape) on the left and the right
b. Hoe side of the tree, on the both side of the canopy.
c. Pail g. Make a note of all fertilization activities.
E. Function: Table 1. The guidance of estimated fertilizer dosage

a. Organic and inorganic fertilizer is used as per tree of non-poductive mango tree (cv
additional nutrition that are required by the plant. Gedong Gincu)
b. Hoe is used for digging the soil Age Organic Urea SP-36 KCl/ZK
c. Pail is used for carrying water (year) fertilizer (gram) (gram) (gram)
(tin can)
F. Procedure: 1 0,5 250 100 250
a. Calculate the fertilizer required according to the 2 1 300 150 300
number of trees. 3 2 350 200 350
b. Provide the fertilizer that will be applied to the 4 2 400 250 400
plant as it is required
c. The dosage of fertilizer is calculate based on the Source: Manual of the Model of Fruit Orchad
soil and leave analysis. Management. Directorate of Fruit Crop Cultivation.
d. Fertilization for the non-productive trees is done Note : 1 tin can = 20 kg
twice a year.
e. Organic fertilizer should be given once a year, at
the beginning of the rainy season, with the dosage
of 20-100 kg per tree
V-3
V-2

Standard Number Date
Standard Operational Number Date Operasional SOP. M.G C
Prosedure SOP. M.G C Prosedure Page Revision
Page Revision 5/7
Fertilization 4/7 Fertilization
Fertilization for the productive tree E. Function

a. Fertilizer are used as additional nutrition that is
A. Definition required by the plant.
It is an activity of adding nutrition to the soil in order b. A balance is used for weighing the fertilizer which
to fulfill substances as they are required by the plant will bw applied to the plant
c. Scoop is used for watering the plant before / after
B. Goals : fertilizing
To provide optimum plant growth and to maintain the d. Hoe is used for digging the soil in order to make
nutritional status in the soil furrow in fertilization
e. Watering hose is used for watering the soil
C. Validation surface around the plant.
a. Book collection of Food Crop Agency of the West
Java Province. F. Procedure:
b. Officer’s experience of Food Crop Agency of the a. Watering the soil until it reach the field capacities
West Java Province b. Do the fertilization after harvesting fruit and
c. Experience in the Research Center of Agricultural pruning. The dosage of the first fertilization is:
Technology of the West Java Province - Urea (2/3 part) which is 450 g
- SP-36 (2/3 part) which is 300 g
D. Tools and Materials - KCl (2/3 part) which is 450 g
- Fertilizer - Organic fertilizer is given all as the
- Balance recommended dosage.
- Scoop (water dipper) c. The dosage of fertilizers at the beginning of
- Hoe flowering
- Watering hose - Ure (1/4 part) which is 150 g
- KCl (1/4 part) which is 100 g
- SP-36 (2/3 part) which is 150 g
V-4
V-5

Fertilization 6/7 Fertilization 7/7
d. The dosage of fertilizers when fruit has marble
size. Table 2. The guidance of estimated fertilizer dosage per
- Urea (1/3 part) which is 198 g tree of productive mango tree (cv Gedong
- SP-36 (1/3 part) which is 132 g Gincu)
- KCl (1/4 part) which is 198 g age Organic Urea SP-36 KCl/ZK
e. Applied the organic fertilizer every year, at the (year) fertilizer (gram) (gram) (gram)
beginning of the rainy season, with the amount of (bucket)
20-100 kg per tree. 5 2,5 450 300 450
f. Fertilization method: 6-8 3,5 500 350 500
- Make furrow below the plant canopy >8 >4,5 >600 400 600
- Especially for organic fertilizer, it is applied
on the outside circle of the plant canopy Source: Manual of the Model of Fruit Orchad
g. Make a note for all fertilization activities on the Management. Directorate of Fruit Crop Cultivation
controlling card. Note : 1 bucket = 10 kg
V-6
V-7

Weeding Page Revision Clearing of the Page Revision
I/2 grass/weed 2/2
b. Herbicide is used as a killing agent to control

VI. Weeding grasses and weeds chemically.
c. Knapsack Sprayer is a tool that used for spraying
A. Definition : the herbicide
It is activities on clearing the field from grasses,
weeds and other non benefit crops that grow around F. Procedures:
the mango trees by digging, hoeing, and spraying a. Monitor the population of the grasses or weeds
with herbicide. around the mango tree
b. Doweeding by pulling out , mowing or hoeing.
B. Goals c. Clean/pull out grasses and weeds which grow
To increase competitiveness ability of the plant to under the plant canopy.
absorb nutrients and water from the soil, so that it can d. Let grasses grow outside the plant canopy to
grow optimum. reduce the evaporation on the field especially in
summer (dry season)
C. Validation e. Make a note for all of weeding activities.
Experience of Mango Farmer Association, in
Sukamulya Subdistric, Cirebon.

a. Hoe
b. Herbicide
c. Knapsack sprayer
E. Function :
a. Hoe is used for clearing the field from weeds by
digging the soil.
VI-2
VI-1

Irrigation 1/3 Irrigation 2/3
VII. Irrigation. E. Function :

a. Water pump is used for pumping the water from
A. Definition water source to the field.
It is activities on watering the plant according to their b. Water pipe is used for delivering/distributing
requirement and growth phase. water
c. Valves is used for controlling the water flow from
B. Goals the pump.
To provide a sufficient amount of water in order to d. Water reservoir is used for storing water before it
support the plant growth and development. is distributed to the plant.
C. Validation : F. Procedure :
a. Roedhy Poerwanto, 2003. Teaching material : a. Watering the plant semi manually by using lateral
Irrigation Management on the Fruit Orchad. pipe or plastic hose, so that it canmoved easily.
Bogor Institute of Agriculture b. Construct the surface irrigation systems base on
b. Experiences of fruit farmer group, participant of the plant requirement, such as : 1). Basin system,
the project P2AH ( JBIC), in Cirebon district. 2). Border system, 3). Furrow systems
c. Sri Yuniastuti. 2004. Recommendation of Mango (distributing water according to plant requirement
Cultivation Application. Research Centre for the by flowing it trough firrows beside the plant, for
Agricultural Technology of the East Java example once every 2-3 weeks).
Province c. Monitor the water supply (irrigation), avoid
flooded in the field or water stagnated around the
D. Tools and Materials: tree.
Water pump, pipe/hose, valves, water reservoir d. The water requirement for a more than 6 years old
mango tree, is about 70-80 litre/tree/week
e. The water requirement for mango tree that
produce fruits as big s a ping-pong ball is about
70-100 liter/tree/week.
VII-1
VII-2

Standard Operational Number Date Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Prosedure SOP. M.G C Page Revision
Page Revision Fruit trimming I/2
Irrigation 3/3
VIII. Fruit trimming.
f. In order to maintain the fruit quality such as
ripening level and sweetness, reduce the water A. Definition :
supply gradually before harvesting (about 40 liter / It is activities on reducing the number of fruits per
tree / week), and then stop watering when when bunch, by discharging fruits which are not good
the fruits are start maturing. enough to be maintained and keep only 2-3 fruits per
g. After harvesting, plants need a lot of water to bunch.
recovering from a stress (during harvesting) to a
normal condition. This will be followed with a B. Goals
high level of N fertilization To obtain the optimum fruit production and high fruit
h. Do watering plant in the evening, in order to avoid quality
evaporation .
i. Make a note for all watering activities on the C. Validation
controlling card. Experience of Fruit Farmer Association in Cirebon
District

a. Scissors ,
b. Ladder
c. Punting pole
E. Function.
a. Scissors are used for cutting the fruit stalk
b. Ladder is used for reaching fruit at the top of the
tree.
c. Punting pole is used for cutting the unreachable
fruit stalk
VII-3 VIII-1

Fruit trimming 2/2 Fruit wrapping I/3
F. Procedure: IX. Fruit wrapping

a. Conduct the fruit trimming when the plant has
fruit as big as ping-pong ball A. Definition
b. In each bunch, determine fruits that will be It is activities on wrapping the fruits in order to protect
discharged (such as abnormal, small size, and them from pests and diseases
unhealthy fruits)
c. Keep fruits which have good shape and free from B. Goals
pest and disease, and leave only 2-3 fruits per a. To improve the fruit quality and appearance
bunch b. To protect the fruit from impact, sunshine and
d. Cut the stalk of unwanted fruits by using scissors friction.
e. Make a note for all fruit trimming activities on the c. To protect the fruit from pests and diseases
controlling card. d. To protect the fruit from damage and friction at
harvesting time and protect the skin from the sap
C. Tools and Materials

a. Scissors/knife
b. Wrapping cloth
c. Coloring substance
d. Rope/wire
D. Fuction
a. Scissors/knife is used for cutting wrapping cloth
according to the size of the fruit which will be
wrapped
b. Wrapping cloth is used for making the wrapping
sack.
IX-1
VIII-2

Fruit wrapping 2/3 Fruit wrapping 3/3
c. Coloring substance is used for marking the Picture 3 . Mango fruit that are covered with wrapping
wrapping sacks according to the wrapping time. sacks
d. Rope/wire is for binding the top of wrapping
sacks.
E. Procedure:
a. Wrap the fruit soon after finishing the fruit
trimming
b. Mark the wrapping sacks with different color to
differentiate the fruit age, so that can ease in
determining the harvesting time
c. Decide the picking time and the color of wrapping
sacks as marked previously
d. Monitor wrapping sacks in order to determine the
harvesting time.
e. Clean the used wrapping sacks, and save them
properly
f. Make a note for all wrapping activities on
controlling card
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Page Revision
Control I/24 Pest and Disease 2/24
Control
X. Pest and Disease Control d. Anonymous, 2004. Recommendation on the
controlling of Fruit Pests and Diseases. Directorate
A. Definition : of Horticulture Crop Protection.
It is activities on controlling pest / disease and weeds
D. Tools and Materials :
in order to allow the plant grow optimum, has high
a. Materials
fruit quality.
- Registered and legalized pesticides ( insecticide,
B. Goals fungicide, herbicide), according to the pesticide
list for agriculture and forestry year 2003
a. To avoid the economic loss through reducing - Bio Pesticide : controlling agent in which the
product (fruit) quantity and quality activity ingredient is made from living organism
(plant, animal and microorganism)
b. To maintain the plant health and the environmental - Water
conservation. - Kerosene
- Detergent
C. Validation
- Formalin 4-8%, alcohol 70%, chlorine 1%
a. Experience of the fruit farmer group of Gedong (Bayclin) and lysol
Gincu in Cireon District.
b. Rosmahani and Budiono, 2001. Controlling pest
and disease based on the concept and strategy of
Integrated Pest Management.
c. Anonymous, 2004. Manual for the Model of Fruit
Orchad Management, Directorate of Fruit Crop
Cultivation, pages 35-36.
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Pest and Disease 3/24 Pest and Disease 4/24
Control Control
b. Native enemy is used for controlling pests and
diseases biogically (by dimishing their growth) and
b. Tools maintaining the ecosystem balance
- Hand sprayer dan power sprayer (application
c. Water is used as a substance for mixing pesticides
equipment)
and cleansing tools and materials.
- Fogger
- Bucket d. Pesticide applicator is used for applying pesticide
to the plant
- Spinner
e. Bucket is used as mixing container (to mix
- Liquid measuring devices (with the scale of ml
pesticide and water)
and L)
- Brush f. Spinner is used for mixing pesticide and water
- Knife g. Liquid measuring devices (baker glass) is used for
- Scissors measuring the required amount of pesticide and
water (with the scale of cc / ml and L)
- Saw
- Protection devices: glove, mask, hat, rubber boot, h. Brush is used for spreading the controlling
long sleeve shirt. substance ( pesticide, calk, etc) on the infected part
of the plant
E. Fuction i. Kerosene is used as a combustible for burning the
a. Pesticide (chemical pesticides, bio pesticides, discharged part of the plant thet attacked by pest
vegetalpesticides) are used for controlling pests and disease
and diseases (by reducing their population and j. Detergent is used for: (1) cleaning the applicator
aggression intensity) equipment, (2) controlling a spesific disease and
pest, (3) mixing the vegetal pesticide
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Prosedure SOP. M.G C Pest and Disease Page Revision
Pest and Disease Page Revision Control 6/24
Control 5/24
e. Determine the alternative treatments to control the
k. Alcohol 70%, formalin 4-8%, chlorine 1% pest and disease such as:
(Bayclin) and Lysol is used as a disinfectan for
- Biological control (controlling pest and disease
sterilizing the agricultural tool and equipment such
by using native enemy)
as knife, pruning scissors and saw.
- Improvement the cultivation technology, such
l. Knife, scissors, saw, is used for cutting the
as arrangement the ideal plant distance of
infected parts of the plant.
10x10 m, improvement the irrigation system
m. Protection devices are used for protecting the and field sanitary
human body from any chemicals (pesticides)
- Discharge the infected parts of the plant and
F. Procedure . diminished them and place traps trap for
controlling the fruit fly
a. Monitor the development and spreading of pest
and disease periodically (once a week) - Application of pesticide is the last option.
Apply pesticides periodically when the
b. Identify the symptoms, type of pest and disease, population of pests and diseases is exceeded
and their native enemy the economical limit.
c. Estimate the alerted pest and disease which will be f. Make a note for all of pest and disease controlling
controlled (i.e. fruit fly and anthracnose) activities on the controlling card
d. Determine the controlling limit by calculating the
tolerable limit. According to the experiences of the.
Trigatra Rajasa company, the tolerable limit for the
fruit fly and anthracnose is no more than 5 tree
sample/ha (5%)
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Pest and Disease Page Revision
Control 7/24 Control 8/24
The pest that may attack the mango trees are:
§ Rastrococcus spinosus (White bug)
Symptoms :
This pest is sucking the cell liquid. The infected
leaves will turn dry and fall down. The bug produce
liquid as honey and it become provision for the
fungus and caused powdery mildew (embun jelaga)
disease, especially during the rainy season.
Controlling this pest canbe done by:
- Mechanical control (cultural technique) : Picture 4 . white bug pest
Cut off the infected branches and leaves then
burn them. - Ortega melanoporalis Hamson (Leaf destroyer
caterpillar)
- Chemical control :
Symptoms :
The white bug can be controlled by using This pest is destroying leaves and sometime the top
insecticide with the active ingredient of of young buds. The infected laeves will be broken,
lambdacyhalothrin or deltametrin, such as Lebaycid wilted, and died. The caterpillar usually makes the
550 EC with the concentration of 0,2 %. nest from mango leaves and young buds. This is
The red ant is a vector for this pest. In order to generally occured during the transition period of
avoid the spreading of the red ant to another part of rainy to dry season. This pest can be controlled by:
the tree, it should be controlled by using insecticide
with the active ingredient of lambdacyhalothrin or
deltametrin, such as lebaycid 550 with 0,2 %.
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Standard Operational Number Date
Control 9/24 Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Pest and Disease Page Revision
- Mechanical control. Control I0/24
Cut off the infected parts of the plant, and then
destroy them. - Chemical controled
Fumigation can be done by burning the dry The beetle can be controlled by using
rubbish that is covered by the wet rubbish. With insecticide with the active ingredient
this way, it will produce smoke without burned, lambdacyhalothrin or deltametrin, such as
because the spreading smoke on the field can lebaycid 550 EC with the dosage of 0,2 %.
chase away the moths.
§ Idiocerus niveosparsus (Mango bug)
- Chemical control. Symptoms:
Apply the insecticide with the active ingredient of The bug sucks liquid from leaves, young buds,
lambdacy-halothrin or fenalerat, such as flower and fruit stalks, so that they are easy to fall
monocrotophos 15 WSC with the dosage of off. This bug usually appears on the transition
6ml/tree. period of rainy to dry season, and generally
attacks to the productive tree. The bug can be
- Mictis longicormis (Leaf Sucker beetle) controlled by:.
Symptoms:
This beetle destroys the plant by sucking the - Mechanical control
liquid of young leaves, buds or young branches. Cutting off and destroying the infected parts of
The infected parts of the plant will turn brown, the plant. Fumigation cn be done by burning
dry, wilt and fall down. This pest can be the dry rubbish that is covered by the wet
controlled by: rubbish, and the spreading smoke on the field
- Mechanical control. can chase away the moths.
Cut off the infected branches and leaves and then
burn them.
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Control 11/24 Standard Operational Number Date
- Biological control Pest and Disease Page Revision
Control 12/24
This bug can be controlled by using predators
such as Lycosa sp, parasitoid such as Epipyros
(Hymenop), and Pipunculus sp. The predators
should be cultivated previously, then spread
them on the field.
- Chemical control 30º

15 cm
The chemical control applied when the plant
produce the final flush, before it stars to
flowering. Injection can be done by injecting the
plant at the beginning of flowering period, using
insecticide monocroptophos with the dosage of
10-15 cc/tree (it can be seen on Fig.6).
Figure 6. Mango stem injection, to control the mango

bug.
§ Tripidae Thysanoptera (Trips ).

Symptoms :
Figure 5. mango bug This pest attacks to the lower surface of the leaf,
flower bunch and young fruit. Attacked leaves turn
to wrinkle (curly) and cused the blooming failed.
This pest is usually attack in the transition period of
rainy to dry season. This pest can be controlled by:
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Control 14/24
Control 13/24
§ Dacus dorsalis (Fruit fly )
- Mechanical control Symptoms :
Cut off the infected parts of the plant and then burn The fruit fly stabs the fruit and caused black spots
them. on the skin surface. The flesh of stabbed fruit will
be rotten. The infected fruit can’t be harvested,
because they will be damaged of fall off. This pest
- Biological control can be controlled by:
Using the native enemy (Tripoctenus bohi)
- Mechanical control
1. Phytosanitary: collect the infected fruit that
- Chemical control fallen down on the ground or still attached on
the tree. Then, destroy them by pile them up
Spray the plant with insecticide with the active under the ground. (make sure that the soil
ingredient of protiofos, such as Tokuthion 500 EC depth will not allow the larva turn into pupa).
with the dosage of 1,5 gram /L of water. 2. Trap plant: planting the “selasih” around the
field.
3. Fumigation: which can be done by burning
the dry rubbish that is covered the wet
rubbish, the produce smoke will chase away
the moths.
- Mechanical control
1. Fruit wrapping by using papers or sacks.
2. Use a trap (made from the used mineral water
and put holes on it to allow the fruit fly enter)
Figure7 . mango trips and put atraktan (an active ingredient for fruit
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Standard Operasional Number Date Standard Operational Number Date
3. fly) inside the botle. The active ingredient of pong ball (about 55-60 days after flower
atraktan can be: metil eugenol (ME), induction)
hidrolised protein, or “selasih”.
This pest can be controlled by:
- Biological control: - Mechanical control
Use the native enemy, such as parasitoid from the Collect the fallen fruit and buried them under the
family Braconidae (Biosteres sp. and Opius sp.). ground.
- Physical control
Fruit wrapping after the fruit as big as ping-pong
ball.
- Biological control
Use a predator (the larva of Rhynchium
attrisium).
- Chemical control
Spray with insecticide with active ingredient
ethofenprox or deltametrin, such as Decis 2,5 EC
or betasiflutrin (Buldok 25 EC) with the dosage
Figure 8. Fruit fly of 2 cc/L and applied it in the evening, because
the adult insect are active inthe evening.
§ Noorda albizonalis Hampson (Fruit borer)

Symptoms:
The pest sucking cused spots on the skin surface.
While the pest is sucking the fruit, it also laid the
eggs. Then, larva will bore the fruit and eat the
tissue under the peel. The area destroy ed by the Figure 10 . fruit borer
larva will bw rotten and fruit is fallen off. This
pest usually attack when the fruit as big as ping-
X-15 X-16

The diseases that may attack the mango trees are:
§ Colletotrichum gloeosporioide (Anthracnose)
- Phythium vexans (Seedling wilt disease )
Symptoms : Symptoms :
This disease attacks the plant at the nursery (poly The infected leaf has brown round spots with grey
bag), caused by fungus (Phythium vexans). The color at the center and yellowish color at the edge or
symptom is leaves appear to be softened and weak, it has holes (shot hole).
with light green color. On the advanced symptom, At the tip of the flower bunch, and stalk appears
leaves become dry and appear a brown spot on the amall stains. Then flower will turn to black, and
leaf base. Furthermore, plant will die and the root thefruit has brown to dark brown spots. When the
zone will be rotten. The disease can be controlled by: fruit is ripening, it will be rotten. At the beginning,
the damage will occur on the young leaves and
- Mechanical control caused the stem base unproductive, flowers become
Maintain the planting distance between polybags dry, and failed to fruiting, fruit will be rotten and
for not being close each other and plant receive fallen off. This disease usually atacks at the
enough sunlight. Watering the plant when it beginning of rainy season. The disease can be
necessary. controlled by :
- Physical control
Sterilisized the soil media prior planting by
staming it. - Mechanical control
- Chemical control 1. Field sanitary, by destroying weeds since
On the early symptom, spray the plant with budding until harvesting .
fungicide with the active ingredient with dosage 2. Collect and burn the fallen leaves.
of 0,5g/L of water.
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Control 19/24 Pest and Disease Page Revision
Control 20/24
3. Do pruning after harvesting and before budding. - Physical control:
Cut off the leaves or branches where symptoms
are appearing. The center of plant canopy should As a preventive action, wrap the fruit to protect
be pruned to maintain the air circulation and them from pest and disease it has size as big as
sunlight penetration. Avoid the drastically ping-pong ball.
pruning. - Chemical control:
Spray the infected plant by using fungicide
(mixture of 0,25 % mancozeb + 0,2 %
dicotophos + 2 g of leaf fertilizer/liter of water)
every 7 – 10 days, start from flower budding fase
until fruit is ripening.
§ Capnodium mangiferae (Powdery mildew)
Symptoms :
On the laef and branch surface appears a black
thin layer. This layer is fungus that obtain food
from honey produced by insects such as mango
bugs, scale aphids, and white aphids. This disease
usually occur in the rainy season. This disease can
be controlled by:
- Mechanical control:
Cut off the infected leaves and branches and then
Figure 10. Anthracnose on the mango fruit burn them on the prepared location.
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Control 21/24 Pest and Disease Page Revision
Control 22/24
- Chemical control:
Spray the infected plant by using fungicide with - Mechanical control:
active ingredient of Morestan 1,5 g/L of water. Cut off the infected leaves and branches,
then burn them.
- Chemical control
Spray the infected plant by using fungicide
with active ingredient Dipoliatan 4 F with
the dosage of 0,2 cc /L of water.
§ Diplodia natalensis (Diplodia Disease )

Symptoms :
From the stems or branches of the infected plant
produced golden-yellow sap, and on the skin
Figure 11 . Powdery mildew appear irregular wound. The fungus grow between
skin and the wood, and destroys the cambium
§ Elsinoe mangiferae (Fruit scabs)
tissue. The dead wood has green to black color.
Symptoms : The dry diplodia is more dangerous because the
The fruit surface has a brown irregular structure. symptom is difficult to be identified. The skin of
When the fruit is ripened, this will leave a brown, infected stem or branches turn to dry, and has
hard and dry spot, so that affected the fruit small gaps on the surface, whereas the underneath
appearance. This disease usually occurs on the area has greenish black color. This disease usually
rainy season, when the fruit has marble size. This accors on the rainy season.
disease can be controlled by:
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Pest and Disease Page Revision Control 24/24
Control 23/24
4. Chemical control:
This disease can be controlled by:
- Spread the Californis mush (bordo) or
1. Mechanical control: fungicide with active ingredient of benomil
- Cut off the tree/branches that heavily attacked such as Benlate with the dosage of 0,5 g/L
by this disease, and discharge the infected of water.
skin.
- Prune the plant to reduce humidity around the - Treat the harveted fruit with hot steam
plant. (VHT) with the temperature of 52-55 oC for
- Provide balance fertilization about 10 minutes.
- Clean the weeds
2. Physical control:
- Collect the plant waste and chop the infected
branches then burn them on the prepared
location.
- Cut down the heavily infected plant and burn
it on the prepared location.
3. Biological control:
Spread the antagonist agents such as
Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp.,
Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus subtilis on
the stem or stem base
Figure 12 . The Stem of Gedong Gincu that
infected by Diplodia
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Harvesting I/4 Harvesting 2/4
XI. Harvesting. D. Function

a. Harvesting Scissor is used for cutting the fruit
Harvesting activity in mango is divided into two parts, stalk.
which are: b. Punting pole is used for picking the unreachable
1. Harvesting time and criteria fruit.
2. Harvesting method c. Plastic box are used for collecting the harvested
fruit.
A. Definiton d. Papers are used for covering the bottom of the
It is activities in collecting the products. plastic box.
e. Smooth cloth is used for cleaning the harvested
B. Goals : fruit.
To obtain mango with maturity level as market f. Warehouse is used for storing the harvested fruit.
demand and its quality meets the standard of the g. Ladder is used for reaching fruit in the high level.
targeted market.
E. Procedure
C. Tool and material : a. Notice the harvesting criteria for mango cv.
a. Harvest Scissor Gedong Gincu:
b. Punting pole - The stalk of dropped fruit has been dried
c. Plastic box, - The curvatur of the fruit is flatted / almost
d. Papers disappear.
e. Smooth cloth - The color of fruit skin is bluish green
f. Warehouse - The pores are even
g. Ladder - The wax layer on the fruit surface is thickened.
XI-1
XI-2

Standard Number Date Standard Operational Number Date
Operational Prosedure SOP. M.G C Prosedure SOP. M.G C
Harvesting 3/4 Harvesting 4/4
§ position of down ward).
- The branch of fruit stalk has 65 % dried d. Make a note the harvesting time, location and the
- Fruit is not piercing when it is flicked amount of harvested fruit on the controlling card
- Fruit has 95-115 days old after flowers are
blossomed
Figure 13 . The maturity level of mango cv. Gedong
b. Notice the harvesting time Gincu
The harvesting time should be between 09.00 AM -
04.00 PM
c. Notice the harvesting method

§ Use the proper tools (harvesting scissors, netted Fruit with pale flesh Fruit with reddish yellow
color is categories as flesh color is categories
pole that supported by sack). as ripening fruit (fruit age
§ When picking the fruit, included the fruit immature fruit
is 100 days)
wrapping and its stalk. Leave the fruit stalk of
abut 10 cm (to keep away fruit from the latex)
§ The wrapped fruit are then placed on the plastic
box without paper at the bottom of the box (the
temporary collecting container on the field), Fruit with yellowish- Fruit with red flesh
with the position of fruit stalk is down ward, red flesh color is color is categories as
until the latex is run out. categories as ripen ripen fruit (fruit age is
§ Make sure that the latex and fruit stalk is not fruit (fruit age is 108 112 days)
contaminated the fruit. days)
§ Take out the fruit from temporary container, Fruit with darken red
unwrapped them and then put in a plastic box flesh color is
categories as too ripen
(< 20 kg) that has layered with paperon the fruit (fruit age is 115
bottom part. Placed and arranged the plastic 120 days)
boxes in closed and covered area (with the fruit
XI-3 XI-4

Post harvest I/11 Post harvest 2/11
XII. Post harvest c. Nails

d. Label /sticker
A. Definition e. Wooden or cartoon box
It is activities of fruit handling, start from harvesting f. Broom
until the fruit is ready to distibute. g. Hammer
h. Termometer
B. Goals i. Hygrometer
a. To Guarantee the uniformity of the fruit size j. Refractometer
b. To Guarantee the uniformity of the fruit quality k. Penetrometer
c. To Guarantee that the harvested fruit are free from l. Paper pieces
pest and disease m. Cellophane tape
d. To guarantee that quality of harvested fruit meets n. Plastic basket
the domestic and export market requirements
e. To guarantee that the harvested fruit are save to be E. Function
consumed a. Warehouse is used for storing the harvested fruit
b. Balance is used for weighing the harvested fruit
C. Validation according to its grade
a Experiences of the farmers in Cirebon district. c. Label / sticker is used for giving identity to the
b The post harvest experiences of the PT fruitaccording to its quality.
Indofresh,and PT Hydrofresh. c. Wooden / cartoon boxes are used for packing the
c The post harvest experiences of the PT. Sata harvested fruit
Harum. d. Nails are used for strengthening the wooden
box’s cover.
D. Materials and tools e. Hammer is used for knocking the nails.
a. Warehouse f. Termometer is used for measuring the room
b. Balance temperature
XII-2
XII-1

Post harvest 3/11 Post harvest 4/11
g. Hygrometer is used for measuring the air
humidity XII. 1. Fruit collecting
h. Refracometer is used for measuring the fruit
sweetness (sugar level) A. Definiton
i. Penetrometer is used for measuring the fruit It is a post harvest activity, before the fruit will be
hardness. further handled. The harvested fruit are collected and
j. Paper pieces is used for covering the fruit box stored in a spesific place
k. Cellophane tape is used for strengthening the
cartoon box. B. Goals :
a. To protect fruit from bad physical and
environmental influences (wind blow, heat, rain,
etc)
b. Fruit can be processed soon
C. Prosedure:
a. Clean the warehouse that will be used for storing
the harvested fruit
b. Notice the air circulation inside the storing room
c. Pile up the basket carefully (maximum 8 layers),
and put separator between baskets.
d. Make a note for all of the fruit collecting
activities on the controlling card
Figure 14.
Collecting the Gedong
Gincu in the warehouse
XII-3 XII-4

XII. 2. Fruit Sorting XII. 3. Grading

A. Definition A. Definition
It is activities in separating the good and bad fruit.. It is activities in grouping the fruit according to
spesific criteria.
B. Goals
To separate the good and bad fruit, and also the B. Goals :
mature and immature fruit. To achieve the uniform fruit size and maturity level.
C. Procedure : C. Precedure :
a. Separate the good and bad fruit, then cut the a. Gruping the sorted fruit according to its size,
attached stalk. maturity level and uniformity.
b. Choose the mature fruit by soaking them in the b.Weighing the fruit, and then separate them
water tank. If the fruit is sinking, it is categories according to its class categories. The quality
mature fruit (90-100%), and if the fruit is categories according to fruit weigh are:
floating, it is categories as immature fruit (80- A : > 450 - 550gr;
85%). B : 350 - <450 gr;
c. Grouping and separating the sinking and floating C : 250 - < 350 gr.
fruit c. Make a note for all of fruit grading activities on the
d. Put the selected fruit in the paper bottom layered controlling card
baskets
e. Pile up the fruit basket (maximum 8 layers), with
the position of fruit stalk is dawn ward.
XII-5 XII-6

Standard Operasional Number Date Standard Operasional Number Date
XII. 4. Labeling. XII. 5. Packaging
A. Definition A. Definition
It is Activities in putting labels on the fruit or packages It is activities on packaging or arranging the fruit in
the fruit container.
B. Goals:
To show the product (name of item, amount, weigh, B. Goals:
ripening time and the producer’s name) To protect the fruit from physical damage during the
stroring and transporting process
C. Procedure:
Put the label on the packaging box that contains C. Procedure :
information of name of item, amount, weigh, ripening a. Prepare the fruit container according to the fruit
time and the producer’s name . class/grade
b. Put the fruit inside the fruit container/cartoon
box/package carefully (put the backside of the fruit
down ward)
c. Equip the fruit container with separator made from
styrofoam and piece of papers/fruit net
Figure 15
The packaged Gedong
Gincu for export market.
XII-7 XII-8

Standard Operasional Number Date Standard Operasional Number Date
Post harvest 9/11 Post harvest I0/11
XII. 6. storing XII. 7.Distribution

A. Definition
A. Definition It is activities to move the fruit from the warehouse to
It is activities on placing the harvested fruit inside the the targeted market.
warehouse
B. Goals :
B. Goals: To accelerate the product marketing and to maintain
To save the products before the distribution process the fruit freshness according to the schedule
determined by the consumer.
C. Procedure:
a. Store the fruit containers inside the clean C. Validation :
warehouse that has good air circulation and proper PT. Sata Harum
temperature
b. Pile up the fruit containers, in which for cartoon D. Materials and tools :
box the maximum pile is 4 layers, whereas for a. Permit letter/delivery document
wooden box and plastic box the maximum pile is 8 b. Train/truck which is equipped with tarpaulin and
layers. refrigerator.
c. The maximum storing period is 2 days c. Ship
d. Use the first in first out system (the container d. Air plane
which is come in first will be taken out first). The e. Container for export purpose
storage must be clean and free from pest and
disease. E. Function :
e. Make a note of the storing date and time on the a Permit letter/delivery document is used for
controlling card. identifying the shipment
b Train/tuck is used for distributing the fruit
packages/boxes to the destination place, with the
XI-9
XII-10

Standard Operasional Number Date APPENDIX
Page Revision A. Controlling card of the land preparation activity.
Post harvest 11/11
Date Note Block Land Number Working Guarantor
maximum travelling time of 3 days. Tarpaulin is
(A, B, C, D) size of hour
used to protect the fruit from the sunshine. worker
c Ship is used for distributing the fruit
packages/boxes to the destination place (to
another province or country), with the maximum
travelling time of 7 days.
d Air plane is used for delivering the fruit
packages/boxes to the destination place (to
another province or country), with the maximum
travelling time of 24 hours / 1 day.
e Container is used for exporting the fruit by using a
ship B. Controlling card of the seedling preparation
activity.
F. Procedure :
Date Number Damaged Source of Treatment Note Guarantor
a. The fruit distribution must be done on time. of seedling seedling
b. Notice the placement of the fruit packages/boxes. seedling
For cartoon box, the maximum pile is 4 layers and
for wooden and plastic box the maximum pile is 8
layers. Put fruit packages/boxes in the closed
container.
c. The fruit packages/boxes movement must be done
carefully.
d. Make a note for all of the distribution activities on
on the controlling card.
XI-11
L-1

E. Controlling card of the fertilization activity
C. Controlling card of the planting activity
Date Block Land Number Tree Type of Guarant
Date Number Damaged Source Plant Note Guarantor (A,B, size of trees age fertilizer or
of seedling of variety C,D,E (dosage)
seedling seedling ,F) on the on the
leaf soil
F. Controlling card of the weeding activity.

D. Controlling card of the pruning activity
Date Block Land Number Work Weeding method Guaran
(A,B, size of ing Manual Chemical tor
Date Block Number of Number of Note Guarantor C,D,E worker hour (type and
(A,B,C,D,E,F) trees worker ,F) dosage)
L-3
L-2

G. Controlling card of the irrigation activity I. Controlling card of the pest and disease activity
Date Block Land Number Irrigation time Note Guarantor. .
(A,B, size of tree Morn Evening Date Block The Working Type of Treatment Guarantor
C,D,E ing (A,B,C, land hour Pest / Manual Chemical
,F) D,E,F) size and (type and
disease dosage)
H. Controlling card of the fruit wrapping activity

Date Block Numbe Number Fruit Note Guarantor
(A,B, r of of wrapping J. Controlling card of the harvesting activity
C,D,E tree wrapped date /
,F) fruit wrapping Date Block Number Number Treatment Note Guarantor
sack color (A,B, of tree of
C,D,E harveste
,F) d fruit
(kg)
L-5
L-4

K. Controlling card of the post harvest activity M. Controlling card of the packaginng activity
(Fruit Collecting)
Date Amou Warehous Treatment Note Guarantor Date Amou Fruit Packaging Shipping Guarantor.
nt of e number : nt of grade date date
harves harves
ted ted
fruit fruit
(kg) (kg)
N. Controlling card of the storing activity

.
L. Controlling card of the grading activity Date Amou Fruit Packaging Shipping Guarantor
nt of grade date date
Date Amou warehouse Amount of Amount of Guarantor harves
nt of number good fruit damaged ted
harves fruit fruit
ted (kg)
fruit
(kg)
L-6
L-7

O. Controlling card of the distribution activity
Date Amou Fruit Date of the Destination Guarantor

nt of grade delivery
harves order (DO)
ted
fruit
(kg)

Sopmangga Gincu

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STANDARD PROCEDURE PREFACE

FROM THE DIRECTOR OF FRUIT CROP

Mango is one of the high priority fruit crops in which

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Targets will be achieved by applying the SOP are reach

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D. Tools and Material.

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IV. Pruning. D. Tools and Materials

Plant shaping (framing) pruning E. Function :

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D. Tools and materials

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Fertilization for the non-productive tree

Picture 2 b. After bearing fruit pruning C. Validation

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E. Function: Table 1. The guidance of estimated fertilizer dosage

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Fertilization for the productive tree E. Function

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b. Herbicide is used as a killing agent to control

D. Tools and materials

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VII. Irrigation. E. Function :

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D. Tools and materials

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F. Procedure: IX. Fruit wrapping

C. Tools and Materials

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- Chemical control 30º

Figure 6. Mango stem injection, to control the mango

§ Tripidae Thysanoptera (Trips ).

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§ Noorda albizonalis Hampson (Fruit borer)

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§ Diplodia natalensis (Diplodia Disease )

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XI. Harvesting. D. Function

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c. Notice the harvesting method

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XII. Post harvest c. Nails

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XII. 2. Fruit Sorting XII. 3. Grading