ST2132

Introduction to Mobile Section

Description of block diagram:
For understanding the basic circuit of any mobile phone it can be divided in following
three sections:
A.

Receiving Section

B.

Transmitting Section

C.

Base band Control/UI Section

A.

Receiver Section:

Receiver Section
The receiver is direct conversion dual band linear receive. When any call is received
in mobile phone, the receiving signal comes at antenna first, which is of loop type
then to pin no.4 of antenna switch (Diplexer) (Z502) through capacitor C593. This
antenna switch makes function of switching of receiving, transmitting, GSM and
DCS frequency band. Switching signals is given at its control pins from CPU for it,
GSM-RX signal is made out from pin no.14 of antenna switch, which is given to pin
no.7 of Z501 through capacitor C547 receiving signal passes through band pass SAW
(Surface acoustic wave) filter (925-960MHz) and is made out from pin 1.
Unwanted frequencies coming with GSM frequency bands are filtered by it and only
required band frequencies are passed further. Signal obtained from filter is given to
LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) V501. Control voltage is given to amplifier from
HAGAR IC N500; amplification gain of LNA is controlled by it. Because this control
voltage controls gain of amplifier in automatic way hence considered AGC
(Automatic Gain Control). Output level of receiver remains stable by it.
Signal obtained from amplifier gain is given to Band Pass SAW filter Z500, signal
obtained from pin no.4 of V501 is given to pin no.1 of Z500. Many unwanted
frequencies are amplified with the amplification receiving signals. It is very essential
to separate these frequencies, otherwise further these frequencies can become reason
of noise. Band Pass Filter Z500 makes this function; signal is made out from its one
output pin no.7 and given to balancing transformer T501. The balancing transformers
make balancing from single ended receiving signal. Signal is made balance by
transformer T501 and comes at pin no.C9 and B9 of IC N500, which are input pins of
GSM-RX of N500 RF IC (HAGAR IC).
Mixing and Demodulation (conversion to LF) operation of receiving signal is made in
HAGAR IC N500. Oscillation signal produced by VCO (Voltage Controlled
Oscillator) G500 is mixed in these signals for this operation. This VCO (Voltage
Controlled Oscillator) G500 produces separate local oscillation signals in GSM and
DCS frequency band. VCO produces 3700-3840 MHz for GSM and 3610-3760 MHz
for DCS 1800. This signal is given to pin no. J2 and J5 of IC N500 through signal
transformer T502, this signal is amplified in IC. It is divided by four, for GSM (local
oscillation signal of 935 to 960 MHz) is obtained and by 2 for DCS 1800 PLL and
dividers are in HAGAR IC. GSM receiving signal is mixed in this signal, after that it
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is filtered and given to demodulator and made I/Q signal. This receiving I/Q signal is
made out from pin numberG5 and G6 of IF IC N500 which can be viewed at (3) and
(4), which is given to audio signal COBBA IC N100.
Demodulation is completed digital to analog conversion and audio frequency
amplification etc functions are made in it. It also makes functions as interface for
completing control functions of AFC, PAC and AGC etc CPU D300 has full control
of all functions of this IC. Audio frequency signal is obtained in this IC through a
PCM signal. This is amplified by audio frequency amplifier. This audio frequency
signal is obtained from pin no.D1 and D2 of COBBA IC N100, it is given to speaker
and sound is obtained.
Transmitter Section
B. Transmitter Section:
At the time of transmitting microphone converts voice signal in to electric signal.
This signal is given to pin no. A3 & B3 of audio frequency processing IC N100.
Transistor V101 connected from pin no.D6 of this IC is a mic power supply controller
transistor. This transistor provides control voltage to microphone signal given by
microphone is at first amplified in COBBA IC N100. After that it is made PCM code
and digital signal is obtained, this signal is sent to central processing unit D300 for
voice coding and channel coding at that place data stream is made which is sent back
to audio processing IC N100 for GMSK modulation. In this way A/D conversion,
coding, Encryption channel coding and modulation etc functions are made in COBBA
IC and CPU. I/Q signals are serially transmitted from COBBA IC and given to
transmitting modulation process in HAGAR IC N500 which can measured at (5) and
(6).
VCO signals are mixed with TX-IQ signal in HAGAR IC N500. These local
oscillation signals are produced by local oscillation modules G-500, VCO module
G500 generates local oscillation signals of two different values. Oscillation signals
3520 to 3660 MHz in condition of GSM 900 frequency band, which is divided by
four, 890 to 915 MHz is obtained and mixed with transmitting I, Q (TX-1, Q) signal.
Signal output level at this stage is 5dBm Working system of VCO module G500 is
controlled by PLL circuit made in HAGAR IC N500.
After the modulation, Tx signal is converted to single ended by balance circuit
(mutual coupler) and after filtering in 2500 (880915Hz) the signal is amplified by
pre-amplifier circuit and buffered out the final amplification is realized with dual
band power amplifier. It has a gain control, which is controlled with a power control
loop in HAGAR IC. Power amplifier produces a signal over 2W in GSM band. Gain
control range is over 35dBm.
Now this signal is given to Dual band directional coupler connected between PA and
Antenna switch, Directional coupler take a sample from the forward going power
with certain ratio. This detected voltage is compared in error amplifier in HAGAR IC
to a Tx voltage generated by COBBA IC. Then the signal is given to Antenna switch
and the signal is transmitted through antenna, the signal is of +33dBm approximately.
Note: Before performing the observation, fully charged the battery and keep the
charging On.
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ST2132

Component Layout
(For Information Only)

Figure 31

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