ASSIGNMENT N0.

-3
1. A Trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 2.5m and a depth of flow 0.80m.The side
slope are 1.5H:1V . The channel is lined with bricks ( s=3.0mm). If the longitudinal slope
of the channel is 0.0003, estimate: ( a) average shear stress (b) the hydrodynamic nature
of the surface (c) chezys C by using f (d) mannings n (e)the uniform flow discharge for
cases.
Ans : Area , = +

= (2.5+1.2*0.8)*0.8 = 2.96 m2
Wetted Perimeter , P = B+2*y*(1+m2 ) =5.384

1.2

1.2

Hydraulic radius, R = = 0.55

0.8
1
1.5
a) Average shear stress, o = RSo = 1.618 N/mm2
b) V*= = 0.04
2.5

Now,
=120 , which is greater than 60. Hence it is a fully rough surface.

1.44

c) Rough channel- s=3mm, 4 = 1.37* 10-3

d)

= 1.14 2 log(1.37* 10-3 )

f =0.0212
c=

=60.9

e) When , c= 60.9
Q= AC()= 2.31 m3/s
When, n=0.014
2
1
1
Q= A R 3S 2
= 2.46 m3/s
2. The cross-section of a stream could be approximately to be a rectangular section of
bottom width 6.0 m. The stream is in a mountaineous region and is formed by cobbles
(d90=300mm). Estimate the discharge if the depth of flow is 1.5 m and bed slope is 0.001.
(1 6)

90
Ans: n=
26
= (300*10-3)(1/6)

= 0.03146
Q= A*V
1
61.5
= (6*1.5)*(0.0315 6+21.5
=9.04 m3/s

2
3

0.001 2 )

3. A trapezoidal channel of bed width 4.0 m ans side slope 1.5H:1V has a sand bed
(n1=0.025). At a certain reach the sides are line by smooth concrete (n2=0.012). Calculate
the equivalent roughness of this reach if the depth of flow 1.5m.
Ans: Equivalent roughness coefficient,
3

n=

2
2

For, n1=0.025 ; p1=4m

For n2=0.012 ; p2=5.4m
Also, p=9.4m
0.025

4+ 0.012

n=

9.4

2
2 5.4

2.7m

4m
= 0.0181
4 Find the discharge in the following channels with bed slope of 0.0006 and n= 0.016:
i)
ii)
iii)
Ans:

Rectangular, B = 3.0 m ; y=1.2 m

Trapezoidal , B= 3.0 m ; m=1.5 and y=1.10m
Triangular , m=1.5 , y=1.5 m

=
= 3 1.2 (

1
0.016

31.2
3+21.2

0.0006

3/s

= 4.206 m
i)

Trapezoidal

= + = 5.115 m2

2)

 = + 2 1 + 2 = 6.966 m
=
ii)

= 0.734 m

Triangular

1
2

(2 )

= 2
= 3.375 m2
= 2 1 + 2
= 5.408 m
R = 0.624
=
= 3.375

1
0.016

0.624

0.0006

= 3.773 m3/s
5. A concrete line Trapezoidal channel (n=0.015) is 8.0 m wide and has a slope of 2H:1V.
The longitudinal slope is 0.006. Estimate the normal depth in this channel for a discharge
of 40 m3/s.
Ans:

1
2
8.0m

=
40 = 8 + 2
= 0.944

1
0.015

8+2
8+4.47

0.006

(By trial and error method)

6 . A Trapezoidal channel of bed width 10.0m and m=1.5carries a discharge of 15.0 m3/s at a
depth of 1.3 m. Calculate the bed slope requireda) If channel is lined with smooth concrete.
b) If channel is unlined , clean and earthen channel.

Ans:

= +
= 10 + 1.5 1.3 1.3

1.3

= 15.535 m2

1.5

= + 2 1 + 2

10 m

= 10 + 2 1.3 1 + (1.5)2
= 14.687 m
=

= 1.057
a) If channel is lined with smooth concrete , n=0.013
15 = 15.535

0.013
4

1.057

= 1.46 10
b) If channel is unlined, clean and earthen channel , n=0.020
15 = 15.535
= 3.463 10

0.020
4

1.057

7.Calculate the quantity of water that will be discharged at uniform flow depth of 0.9 m in a 1.2
m dia pipe which is laid at a slope of 1in 1000 . Mannings coefficient can be assumed to be
0.015.
0.90.6

cos 180 =

Ans:

0.6

1
2

= 120
So, = =
=
=

2
8
12 2
8

1
1.2

120

180

= 2.512

1.2

(2 sin(2 ))
[2 120

180

sin 240 ]

= 0.9095 m2
So, = 0.9095

1
0.015

0.9095
2.512

0.001

= 0.974 3 /

0.9

8. A Trapezoidal channel of bed width 3.0 m and side slope of 1.5H:1V carries a full supply of
10.0 m3/s at the depth of 1.50 m. What would be the discharge at half of full supply depth (i.e at
0.75m)? What would be the depth at half of full supply discharge?
Ans:

= /

1.5:1

1.5m

3m

(ii)

(i)
(i)

2
1
1
Q= A R 3S 2

10 =

------- > (1)

Now, = 3 + 1.5 1.5 1.5 = 7.875 2

= 3 + 2 1.5 1 + (1.5)2 = 8.408
=

= 0.937

From equation (1),

1

(ii)

=1.326

Q= A

= 3 + 1.5 0.75 0.75 = 3.094 2

= 3 + 2 0.75 1 + (1.5)2 = 5.704
= 0.542
= 3.094 0.542

1.326 = 2.73 3 /

0.75m

9. A triangular duct resting on a side is carrying water with a free surface. Obtain the condition
for maximum discharge when:
a) m=0.5 (b) m=0.25 (c) m=0.10
Ans:
-m
-m:1

1
y

Q= A*V

1
+2 =
2

= + 2 2 2 + 2 = + 2 2 + 1
=

+2 2 +1

(a) When m=0.5,

(
=0

+ 2.24

5 0.5

3)

( 2 )
0.5 2
=0
=0

+ 2.24 2

0.5 2
+ 2.24 4

=0

2 + 2.24 2.24

= 0.841
(b) When m=0.25,
= 1.635
(c) When m=0.10,
Same procedure as above.

10. Show that a hydraulically efficient triangular channel section has Re=22
.

Ans:

= 2 = 2 = tan 2

= 2 1 + 2 = 2 1 + 2

2*z*y

z:1

=0

 = 2 sec

=
sec
2
2

tan
2

2 sec tan
sec 3

2
2
2
= 2

tan
tan
2

For efficient triangular Channel,

2 sec tan
sec 3

1
2
2
2
2
2
2
=0
=

tan
=
sec

sin
=
3

2
2
2 2

tan
tan
2
2

= 45
2

tan 45 = 1
So, =

2 tan 2

2sec 2

2 1
22

22

11. Show that the second hydraulic exponent N could be calculated approximately
N=

2
3

Ans:

[5

Mannings Formula,

V=

Q= A

= k S ,

k=conveyance

Experimentally,

2 = 2 ln = ln + ln 2

ln

------- >(1)

d ln k
dy

=0+

ln

2
ln = ln + ln ln
3

= +

3
2
2

0= +

( )

= +

2
3

----- >(2)

From (1) & (2),

=
[5 2 ]
2 3

2 2
[5
]
3

Hence, Proved.
12. A rectangular channel 5.0 m wide is laid on a slope of 0.001. If a uniform flow with Froude
no =0.5 is desired, at what depths would this be possible?
Ans:
S0=0.001
Fr=0.5
y=?
Q= A

5m

2 3

2 3 2

2 3

2 =
=

2 2

2
1+2
1

3
2
=
2 1 3

for rectangular channel, n=0

Let, n = 0.012
=

0.5

0.001
9.8 0.012

Putting =

0 = 0.25,

= 2.83

and all other values we get

2.53

13. A triangular channel (n=0.018) has a bed slope of 0.016 and side slope of 1.5H:1V. Estimate
the uniform flow Froude No . for a normal depth of 0.5m.
Ans:
n=0.018

1.5

Slope(S0)=0.016
=

1.5:1

1
0.5 1.5 = 0.375
2

= 2 0.5 1 + 1.52 = 1.8

=

= 0.21

1
0.21
0.018

2.48
9.8 0.375

0.016
= 1.58

1.5

= 2.48

0.5m