QUESTION 1

Question
1(a)

Mark Scheme
Able to record all two readings accurately
Answers :
Ability to roll
tongue
Able to roll
tongue
Unable to roll
tongue

1(b)(i)

Marks

No. of students
3
17
8

Able to record any 1 readings accurately

No response or Wrong response

Able to state two different observations correctly according
to the criteria:
P1 : Ability to roll tongue
P2 : Number of students

0
3

Sample answers:
(Horizontal)
1.The number of students which is able to roll tongue is
17.
2. The number of students which is unable to roll tongue is
6.
(Vertical)
3.Number of students which is able to roll tongue is more
than the students which is unable to roll tongue.
Able to state one correct observation and one inaccurate
observation or
Able to state two inaccurate observations.

Sample answers : ( Inaccurate observations)

1. The number of students which is able to roll tongue is
more / high / higher
2. The number of students which is unable to roll tongue is
less/ low/ lower.
Able to state one correct observation or
Able to state two observations at idea level
Sample answers : ( Idea level )
1. Different students have different ability to roll tongue
2. There are two types of ability to roll tongue (P1 only)

QUESTION 1

3. Number of students changes (P2 only)

No response or wrong response

Question
1(b)(ii)

Mark Scheme
Able to state two differences correctly based on the following
criteria :
P1 : Trait
P2 : Dominant / recessive

Marks

3
Sample answers:
1. (Able to roll tongue) trait is dominant
2. (Unable to roll tongue) trait is recessive
Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference
Or
Able to state two inaccurate inferences
(1P only)
Sample answers:
1. (Able to roll tongue) is a dominant.
2. (Unable to roll tongue) is a recessive.
3. (Able and unable to roll tongue) are traits that can be
inherited.
Able to state one correct inference
Or
Able to state one inference at idea level

Sample answers: (Idea level)

1. Ability to roll tongue is a discontinuous variation
2. Ability ro roll tongue occurs randomly.

1(c)

No response or wrong response

Able to state all the variables and the method to handle the
variables correctly.

Sample answers:
Variables
Manipulated variable:
Ability to roll tongue// Trait
Responding variable:
Number of students //
Dominant/ recessive

Method to handle the

variables
Select different type of
ability to roll tongue // trait
Count and record the number
of students //
Count and record//state//
Determine the dominant
/recessive (trait)

QUESTION 1

Controlled variables:
Use only male students //
Gender of students // Total
Test on 25 students //
number of students// Age of
Choose students at same age
students
6 ticks
Able to state 4-5 of variables and the method to handle the
variables correctly.

4-5 ticks
Able to state 2-3 of variables and the method to handle the
variables correctly.

2-3 ticks

1 (d)

No response or wrong response

0 ticks
Able to state a hypothesis based on following aspects :
P1 : Manipulated variable ( Ability to roll tongue // trait)
P2 : Responding variable ( Number of students // Dominant /
Recessive)
P3 : Relationship (higher / lower)

0
3

Sample answers :
1. The number of students which is able to roll tongue is higher
than the number of students which is unable to roll tongue.
2. The number of students which is unable to roll tongue is
lower than the number of students which is able to roll
tongue.
Able to state a hypothesis inaccurately based on any two
aspects :

Sample answers :
1. Able to roll tongue / Unable to roll tongue is dominant /
recessive. (P1 and P2)
2. The number of students depend on the ability to roll tongue.
(P2 and P1)
Able to state a hypothesis based on any aspect or
Able to state a hypothesis at idea level.

Sample answers :
1. The number of students depends on the type of variation.( P2
only)
2. Ability to roll tongue is a discontinuous variation (P1 only)
No response or wrong response

QUESTION 1

1 (e)(i)

Able to construct a table which contain the following aspects :

T : Title with correct unit
D1 : Data for ability to roll tongue
D2 : Data for number of student recorded correctly

Answer :

1(e)

Ability to roll tongue

Number of students
Able to roll tongue
17
Unable to roll tongue
8
Able to construct a table based on any two correct aspects

Able to construct a table based on any one correct aspect

No response or wrong response

Able to draw a bar chart based on the following aspects

P : Uniform scale for both axes

T : Bars with correct height
B : 2 bars draw separately/ joined

1(f)

Able to draw a bar chart based on any two aspects

Able to draw a bar chart based pn any one aspects

No response or wrong response

Able to explain the type of variation for ability to roll tongue

based on the following aspects :

P1 : Discontinuous variation
P2 : Discrete distribution graph
P3 : No intermediate (trait in between the characteristic able to
roll tongue and unable to roll tongue)
Sample answer:
1. Ability to roll tongue is a discontinuous variation because it

QUESTION 1

shows a discrete distribution graph. There is no intermediate

(trait in between able to roll tongue and unable to roll
tongue).

1(g)

Able to explain the type of variation for ability to roll tongue

based on any two aspects.

Able to explain the type of variation for ability to rool tongue

based on any one aspects.

No response or wrong response

Able to predict the number of students based on the following

aspects :

P1 : Correct prediction (Number of students which is able to

roll tongue is more than 34 // any value more than 34
but less than 50) // more than the students which is unable
to roll tongue.
P2 : Able to roll tongue is dominant trait
P3: More samples are used // more students are used
Sample anwers :
The number of student is more than 34. Able to roll tongue is a
dominant trait. More samples are used (will increase the
probability).

1(h)

Able to predict based on any two aspects

Able to predict based on any one aspect

No response or wrong response

Able to define variation based on the following aspects :

D1 : Differences of characteristics // traits // phenotype in

human // male students.
D2 : Ability to roll tongue
D3 : Dominant and recessive trait //hypothesis statement
Sample anwers :
Variation is differences of characteristics in humans which is
the ability to roll tongue. Number of students which is able to
roll tongue is higher than number of students which is unable to
roll tongue.
Able to define variation based on any two aspects

QUESTION 1

1(i)

Able to define variation based on any one aspects

No response or wrong response

Able to classify each character to the correct type of variation

Sample answers:
Continous variation
Height
Intelligence
Body weight

Discontinuos variation
Ability to roll tongue
Blood group
Attachment of earlobe

Able to classify any 4 correctly

Able to classify any 2-3 correctly
No response or wrong response

2
1
0

QUESTION 2
Question
2(i)
Problem
statement

Criteria
Able to state a problem statement correctly based on the following
aspects :

Marks
3

P1 : Type of plant// Maize// paddy plant

P2 : Growth // dry mass // height
P3 : Relationship in question form
Sample answers :
1. What is the effect of (interspecific) competition between maize
and paddy plants on their growth // dry mass // height?
2. How is interspesific competition affect the growth // dry mass//
height of maize and paddy plants?
Able to state the problem inaccurately based on two criteria:

Sample answers :
1. Does (interspesific) competition affect the maize and paddy
plants? (P1 and P3 only)
2. Does the growth // dry mass// height are different? (P2 and P3
only)
Able to state the problem statement at idea level based on one
criteria :
P1 or P2 only
Sample answers :
1. Growth // dry mass// height of maize and paddy plant are

QUESTION 1

different.
2. (Interspesific) competition affect the growth.

2(ii)

Able to state a hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:

Hypothesis P1 : Manipulated variable - Type of plant// maize // Paddy plant

P2 : Responding variable - Growth // Dry mass // height
P3 : Relationship
Sample answers :
1. Maize // paddy plant has higher // lower growth// dry mass//
height than paddy plant/ maize.
Able to state the hypothesis inaccurately based on any two criteria :
P1 and P2 only // P1 and P3 only
Sample answers :
1. Type of plant affect the growth// dry mass// height
2. When the plants are different, the growth // dry mass // height are
different.
Able to state a hypothesis at idea level.
P1 or P2 only.

Sample answers :
1. The growth // dry mass// height are different.
2. The growth are different when the plants are different.
2(iii)
Variables

Able state all the three variables correctly.

Manipulated variable : Type of plant // Paddy plant and maize plant

Responding variable : Growth // Dry mass // Height
Constant variable : Time taken to grow // size of tray // amount of
soil// number of seeds // Volume of water
Able to state two variables correctly

Able to state one variable correctly

2(iv)
Apparatus : Tray, ruler, weighing balance, oven, *thread(if
Apparatus
necessary)
and
Materials Materials : Maize seeds, paddy seeds, distilled water, garden soil
All 4 materials and 4 apparatus including

Able to state 2-3 materials and 2-3 apparatus

QUESTION 1

2(v)

Able to state 2 materials and 1 apparatus

Able to state 0-1 materials / apparatus
Or
No response // wrong response
Able to to describe the steps of the experiment procedures or method
correctly based on five criteria :

1
0

Procedure
K1 : How to set up the apparatus ( at least 4 steps)
K2 : How to operate the controlled variables (any one)
3
K3 : How to operate the responding variables (any one)
K4 : How to operate the manipulated variable (any one)
K5 : Precaution // steps to increase accuracy ( any one)
All 5K
Any 3-4K
Any 1-2K
No response or wrong response

2
1
0

Sample answer for procedure :

1.
2.
3.
4.

Fill three same size of trays A, B and C with the same amount of garden soil.
(K1)
(K2)
(K2)
Use 10 seeds in each tray , weigh and record the average initial reading.
(K1) (K2)
(K1)
(K1)
Plant all seeds at 5cm intervals.
(K1)
(K2)
Plant the seed as follows :
Tray A : Only maize plants
Tray B : Only paddy plants
Tray C : Maize and paddy plants alternately

5.

6.

7.

Water all trays with distilled water every day. Leave the seeds to germinate and
(K1)
(K1)
grow for 5 weeks under bright conditions.
(K2)
After 5 weeks, clean the roots of the plants and dry at a temperature of 700C in an
(K1)
(K1)
(K2)
oven.
* only for dry mass
Weigh and record the final dry mass of the dried plants by using weighing balance
(K1)
(K3)
and get the average reading for tray A, B and C.
(K5)

K1, K2
K1, K2
K1, K2

K4

K1, K2

K1, K2

K3, K5

QUESTION 1

OR
Measure and record the height of the seedling by using thread to get an accurate
(K3)
(K5)
reading and ruler.
8.

Calculate the difference in dry mass // height and record the result in a table.
(K1)
(K1)

Question
2(iv)
Presentation
of data

Criteria
Able to construct a table to record data with based on the following
aspects :

Title of manipulated variable (MV) and responding

variable (RV)- (1m)

Data for manipulated variable- (1m)

Tray
Maize

K1

Marks

Average dry mass (g)// height (cm)

Paddy
Maize
Maize and paddy
Paddy

Any one correct aspect

No response or wrong response
Summary of marking :
No
2(i)
2(ii)
2(iii)
2(iv)
2(v)
2(iv)

Criteria
Problem statement
Hypothesis
Variables
Material & apparatus
Procedures
Presentation of data
Total

Score
3
3
3
3
3
2
17 marks

1
0

QUESTION 1