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Mathematics
Pure Mathematics 1 Practice Book
University of Cambridge International Examinations bears no responsibility for the example answers to
questions taken from its past question papers which are contained in this publication.
Answers
1 Algebra
(ii)
(vii) x =
3
2
or 1
(viii) x = 1 or 2
3
Exercise 1.1
1 (i)
(vi) x = 1 or 3
(ix) x =
11a 9b
17cd 3 14cd 15c 4 d 2
(x)
2
5
or 3
x =1
(xi) x = 1
(iii) 5a + 3ab
(iv) 2f g
(xii) x =
1
3
or 3
2
(v)
6x
y
(xiii) x = 0 or 2
(vi)
8
x
(xiv) x = 4 or
3
(vii) 149
2 (i)
60 x
(ii)
(viii) x + 15
20
2 (i)
3mn2 ( 4 + 3n)
(ii)
( p 4 )( p + 3)
(iii)
(3q 1)(q + 2)
(iv)
(t 2u )( s + p)
3 (i)
(ii)
2
12
= 1
6
4 x = 168km
5 (i)
e =
bd
v bc
pn
m2 + w
fu
(iii) v =
uf
(ii)
k =
p
d
(iv) e =
3 12 2w
Exercise 1.2
1 (i)
x = 0 or 5
(ii)
x = 5 or 5
(iii) x = 4 or 2
(iv) x = 7 or 2
(v)
x = 1
x =
1
2
or 2
(iii) x = 4
(iv) x = 1 or x = 2
(v)
x = 1
2
(vi) x = 4
Exercise 1.3
x = 17
x =
1
2
x = 8 or 5
1 (i)
( x 3)2 8
(ii)
( x + 2)2 4
(iii)
(x )
3
2
1
4
(iv) ( x + 1)2 + 4
2 (i)
(ii)
x = 3
x = 0 or 4
(iii) x = 2 or 1
3 (i)
(ii)
2( x 1)2 + 5
2 ( x + 3)2 7
(iii) 3( x + 2)2 16
(iv) 5( x 4)2 8
(v)
4( x + 3)2 52
(vi) 9 x
1
3
P1
4 (i)
a = 19, b = 4
(v)
(ii) a = 2, b = 1
5 a = 15, b = 2, c = 2
6 (i)
y
5
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
4
3
2
Answers
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2 3 4 5 6 7x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
Vertex(
1
2
, 1)
2
3
(vi)
4
5
Vertex (1, 0)
(ii)
4
3
2
4
3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
5
Vertex ( 2, 1)
(vii)
4
5
Vertex (4, 2)
3
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
2
3
4
5
Vertex (0.5, 2.25)
(viii)
y
5
4
3
5
4
3
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
y
5
4
y
5
4
3
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
1
2
3
4
5
Vertex (2, 1)
(iv)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
(iii)
y
5
y
5
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
Vertex ( 12 , 4 )
y
5
4
3
2
1
3
4
5
Vertex (1, 1)
7 (i)
(ii)
y = ( x 4)2 2
2
y = ( x 1) + 5
(iii) y = x ( x + 2) = ( x + 1)2 1
(iv) y = ( x 3)2 + 4
(iii) k >
2 or k < 2
P1
(iv) k < 1
8 (i)
(ii)
m = 4, n = 12
p = 16
Exercise 1.5
Exercise 1.4
1 (i)
(ii) x = 2, y = 5
(iii) x = 3, y = 12
x = 3, y = 1
3 2
(iv) x = 6, y = 3
Exercise 1.6
1 (i)
5 3
(ii)
(iii) 3 5
Answers
(ii)
1 (i)
x 9
x < 8
3 a = 3.
2 (i)
y
5
x < 0 or x > 1
No solutions
(ii) No solutions
No solutions
(ii)
5x
5x
k = 4 or 4
(ii)
y
5
0<
x<
1
1> k
k <1
k < 6 or k > 6
(iv) k = 0 or 4
(ii)
k = 4
(iii) k = 2
6 (i)
0
1
2
36
24
1 0
1
2
k > 3
7 (i)
(ii)
2 <k <
1
36
<k
k >
1
36
P1
(iii)
x < 1 or x > 1
(vi)
y
5
4
1
4
Answers
(iv)
3 < x < 3
5x
3x
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(vii) 2 x 4
1 2 3 4 5x
y
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
5432110 1 2 3 4 5 x
2
3
4
5
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
y
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
(v)
x < 5 or x > 0
4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 x
10 8
y
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
2 20
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
(ix)
x < 5 or x >
3
2
(xii)
x < 0 or x > 2
y
4
P1
3
20
2
1
10
2
3x
1
4
Answers
2
3
10
(x)
1
2
y
30
<x<3
25
20
15
equation becomes y = a ( x 9) + 15 .
2
10
2
5
10
6x
7 = a 81
(xi) 3 x
1
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
7
81
Equation is y = 15
7
81
( x 9)
y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6 5 4 3 2 1
2
a=
b
c
x + = 0
a
a
2 (i)
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x 2 +
( x )( x ) =
x x x + = 0
x 2 ( + ) x + = 0
Equating, we get
( + ) =
b
a
+ =
b
a
c
a
P1
(ii)
Answers
4 x 2 + ( k + 2) x + 72 = 0
(3 x )2 3 3 x 54 = 0
Let t = 3 x
k+2
and 2 =
4
Solving the second equation,
+ 2 =
or ( 3) + 2 ( 3) =
4
3
7
3
and =
4
3
7
3
1 1 +
+
=
=
x +
3
7
4
7
and 1 =
= 3 + 3 + 3 ( + )
Rearranging, we get
3
3 + 3 = ( + ) 3 ( + )
= 23 3(3)(2) = 10
3
7
= 0 or 7 x 2 4 x + 3 = 0
+ ) = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3
( )
3 = 6 or 9
3 x = 6 has no solutions so 3 x = 9 x = 2
x
x
4 k2 + 2 = 8
1
=8
t
kt 2 + 1 = 8t
kt +
kt 2 8t + 1 = 0
k+2
k = 34
4
(iv) + = 2 and = 3
+ 6)(t 9) = 0
t = 6 or 9
k+2
3+23 =
k = 38
4
(t
2 = 9
= 3
Substituting into the first equation we get:
4
2
t 2 3t 54 = 0
72
4
2 2 = 18
(iii) + =
3 9 x 3x + 1 54 = 0
= 33 = 27
The equation is x 2 + 10 x + 27 = 0
( 4t 1)2
2x =
1
4
=0t =
1
4
x = 2
Exam focus
1 a = 2, b = 2, c = 20
2 a = 4 and b = 2
3 x 1 or x
4 (i)
(ii)
1
2
Vertex is (4, 6)
6 < x < 2
2 Co-ordinate geometry
3 (i)
3y = x 6
Exercise 2.1
x + 3y + 6 = 0
1 (i)
(ii) 15 y = 12 x + 5
m=3
(ii) m = 0
(iii) m = 1
12 x 15 y + 5 = 0
Exercise 2.3
1 A: y = x + 1 or x + y = 1
Gradient =
(ii) Length =
B: y = 2 x 3
C: y =
116 10.8
D: y = 3
Mid-point = (10, 2)
Gradient = 2.5
(iii) Length =
E: x = 6
F: y = 2 x 2
3
80 8.94
Mid-point = (1, 1)
Gradient =
(iv) Length =
1
x
3
1
2
Answers
Gradient of line
1
2
180 13.4
Mid-point = (7, 3)
Gradient = 2
Gradient of perpendicular
1
4
2 1 = 7
3
7
2
3
0.3 =
3 m = 5
3 (i)
n=5
4 (i)
(ii)
x=0
3
10
10
3
y = 2x 7
y = 1x
2
1
2
(iii)
(ii) x = 4
y = 0.5x 0.5
(iii) x = 1
5 (i)
m1 = 26.6
m2 = 63.4
m3 = 135
4 (i)
Gradient: 3, y intercept: 1
(ii)
(iii)
4x + 3y = 1
, y intercept: 2
4x + 3y = 8
intercept:
9
4
(iv) Equation: y =
intercept: 4
3
2
x 4 , Gradient: 3 , y
2
y
5
4
3
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
3 x 4 y 13 = 0
(ii)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 x + 3y + 8 = 0
2x y = 7
2
3
4
5
Exercise 2.2
(iv) Gradient:
y
5
2x y = 1
4
3
2
1
7 6 5 4 3 2 110
1 (i)
P1
5 (i)
3x 4y = 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7x
( 32 , 4)
(ii) x + 2y 2 = 0
y
3
2
1
(iii)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Answers
P1
4
3
A
1 Area =
8
3
= 51
y = 3 x 7
3
3
2
) (
2
+ 2 5
= 4.74 (3 s.f.)
1
8
2x 2 = 4x 2
2x 2 + 4x + 2 = 0
x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0
(x + 1)(x + 1) = 0
5 a : b = 3 : 2
x = 1
6 (i)
y = 2(1)2 = 2
b = 10
(ii)
3
4
y =
x+
31
4
(iii) y = 4 x
3
So A is (1, 2).
or 3 x 4 y + 31 = 0
8
3
or 4 x + 3 y + 8 = 0
1
4
Exercise 2.5
1 (i)
(1, 3) or (2, 4)
y=
1
4
x+
1
4
1 + c c =
2x 2 = 14 x +
( , 6) or (3, 1)
(v)
1
2
7
,
3
4
3
) or ( 1, 2)
(8x 9)(x + 1) = 0
x=
Substitute x =
2 k = 8
( ) = 2
So B is ( , ).
y =2
9
8
5 k = 2 or 1
6 k = 7 or 1
or 1
9
8
9
8
81
64
81
32
81
32
0 <k < 4
(ii) Point is
9
8
9
8
3 k > 2 or k < 2
7 (i)
9
4
8x 2 = x + 9 8x 2 x 9 = 0
(vi) (4, 1)
4 k >
9
4
9
4
(iv)
simultaneously:
3 (i)
4 y = 3 x +
4=
4x + y + 2 = 0 y = 4x 2
2 y = 2 x 2
(ii) d =
( 3)
1
,
2
Exercise 2.4
1
2
y
5
of AB.
AB =
1
2
7 1 3 = 11 1 .
2
( 1 89 ) + (2 3281 )
2
= 2.19 (3 s.f.)
y
x
k 2 36
1=
8
k 2 36
=
8
k 2 36
=
8
k 2 36 =
P1
9
8
8
64
k = 100
k = 10
y
x 0
x
= 4
= 4 x = 4a , so M is (4a, 0).
a b
a
(4a)2 + (4b)2 =
16a2 + 16b2 =
0 2
14 12 10 8 6 4 2
2
B1
4
16a2 + 16b2
720
b2 = 9
b = 3
a = 2b = 6
8 10 12 14 x
B2
6
8
x 2 4 x + 3 = ( x 1) ( x 3) so the x intercepts
4 (i)
are x = 1 or 3.
y = kx + 1 0 = k 1 + 1 k = 1
or y = kx + 1 0 = k 3 + 1 k = 1
3
1
a
1
y = kx + 1 0 = k b + 1 k =
b
y = kx + 1 0 = k a + 1 k =
y
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
6 4 2
2
10
By Pythagoras theorem,
MN =
Answers
c
a
c
y = mx + c 0 = k b + c k =
b
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 x
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
y = mx + c 0 = k a + c k =
5 2 y = kx + 1 y =
k
1
x +
2
2
k
1
x +
2
2
4 x 2 + 2 x + 2 = kx + 1
2x 2 + x + 1 =
4 x 2 + (2 k ) x + 1 = 0
( 62+ k , 1 +23 ) = ( k 2 6 , 1) .
4 .
Gradient of AB is 1 ( 3) =
6 k
6 k
Gradient of perpendicular is 6 k = 6 + k .
4
4
(k
+ 2) ( k 6) > 0
k < 2 or k > 6
6+k k 6
+c
4
2
2
k 36
+c
8
2
k 36
c =
1
8
1 =
Exam focus
1 The co-ordinates of D are (0, 1).
2 (i)
The equation of CD is y = 1 x + 11 .
2
P1
Exercise 3.1
10 (i)
11 (i)
(ii) 73
58
15
(iv) 2.15
Answers
x = 1 or 16
(ii) 121.5
1 (i) 71
(iii)
$29900 (3 s.f.)
12 (i)
2 (i) 27
(ii) 1080
(iii) 1591
18, 18 + 3d, 18 + 5d
(iv) 8 4.05
So r =
3 878
(18 + 3d )2
5 78
6 $60
Since d 0, d = 2
7 290
8 (i)
When d = 2 ,
(ii) n = 23
r =
9 6
Exercise 3.2
1 (i) 256
1
8
(ii)
(ii)
54
(iii)
n = 19
1 (i)
(ii)
2 (i)
2 (i) 765
(ii) 121.5
(ii)
(iv)
5 u5 = 128 0.752 = 72
S
227.5
=
= 910.2
1 0.75
6 S
8
= 12
= 12
1 r
10
()
1
3
< x <
8 r =
u6 =
x 4 + 8 x 3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16
1 9 x + 27 x 2 27 x 3
256 x 8 3072 x 7 + 16128 x 6 ...
1
12 60
+ 4 + 2 + ...
x6
x
x
1
7
21
+ 9 + 4 + ...
x 14
x
x
3 The x2 term is
4 x = 8
1
2
12
18
u5 = 8
18 + 3d
18 + 3 2
=
=
18
18
Exercise 3.3
(iii) 1 10
= 18 (18 + 5d )
4 10m + 9n
18 + 3d
18 + 5d
=
18
18 + 3d
5 1
1
2
2
8
=
=
2
2
2
8
81
4 The x4 term is
()
10
(2 x )6 1
x
4
8
2
= 13440 x 2
( 2x ) ( 3x )
6
( )
6 (i)
5
3
x
= 78 203125
( 2 )6 1 = 8
7 k = 3
8 b = 1
2
63 4
x
16
2
3
S30 = 450
11 (i)
x + 24 x + 252 x + ...
6
(ii) The coefficient of the x term is 228
Solving simultaneously:
a + 2d = 0
6a + 87d = 90
a = 2.4, d = 1.2
For Stamp 1,
S30 = 1800
Solving simultaneously,
d = 40 and a = 640
So Anna used Facebook for 640 minutes in week 1 of
her plan.
( )
6 r
7
3
x
a 0.9610 = 33 400
33 400
a=
= $50 238
0.9610
So the second stamp was bought for $50238
6 (i)
3
6
( 3 )6 3 73 = 20k 3 x 9 343
3 kx
x
x9
( )
8r
m
x4
( )
84
m
x4
4 16
= 70k x
m4
16 = 70k 4 m4
x
= 6860k 3
k =
ar 5 + ar 6 = 729 ar 5 (1 + r ) = 729
729
3
r 5 = 243
r =
243 = 3
8
3
8
3
...
100
100
( x )44 ( a)56 +
( x )43 ( a)57
56
57
98
m4
3 a + ar = 3 a(1 + r ) = 3
ar 5 (1 + r )
=
a(1 + r )
< a<
7
4
So 70k 4 m4 = 6860k 3
10
( x )10 r ( a)r
r
8
kx 4
r
Answers
14 a = 2.5
6
kx 3
r
13 k = 4
P1
450
10
[2a + 29d ] =
30
2
100
( x )42 ( a)58 ...
58
We want
100 57
100 56
a >
a a>
57
56
57
44
and
100 57
100 58
a >
a a<
57
58
58
43
57
44
< a<
58
43
a (1 + ( 3)) = 3 2a = 3 a = 1.5
4 u12 = 3 u6 a + 11d = 3 ( a + 5d )
a + 11d = 3a + 15d
2a + 4d = 0
a + 2d = 0
11
P1
Exam focus
4 u21 = 15
1 (i)
()
2 2
4 x
12 4
(x )
Answers
3 135a4 = 2160
12
a4 = 16
a = 2
2 4
= 495
2
x 8 = 126720
x8
5 n = 29.
6 36
4 Functions
(vi) gf( x ) = 2 x x 2
Exercise 4.1
(vii) ff( x ) = x
1 (i) f(x) = x + 3
(viii) gg( x ) = 2 x 2 x 4
P1
(ii) f(x) = x 2 + 1
2 a = 3, b = 1 or a = 3, b = 2
(iii) f(x) = 2x + 1 = 1 2x
3 (i)
2
3x + 2
4(3 x + 2) + 2
=
3x + 2
12 x + 8 + 2
=
3x + 2
12 x + 10
=
3x + 2
= 4+
(ii)
5 (i)
11
9
(iv) k > 2
f( 2) = 9
4 a = 3, b = 2
f( x + 1) = x 2
Is not a function. Is not one-to-one.
f(x) 2
Range:
5 (i)
(ii)
x 3 or x 1
5 x
Exercise 4.3
1 (i)
f 1( x ) =
1
3
x 1
2
f(x)
6
(ii) Domain:
(iii) x =
Range:
f(x) 3
(iii) Domain:
x1
Range:
f(x) 2
(iv) Domain:
Range:
f(x)
(1, 1)
6
Range:
9 Domain:
Range:
6x
0x4
0 f(x) 2
(ii)
f 1( x ) = 5 x
f(x)
6
f(x) 1
Exercise 4.2
1 (i)
7 Range is f(x) 2
8 Domain:
Answers
4 (i)
6
x
3 (i)
fg( x ) = 14 +
(2.5, 2.5)
f( 2) = 3
6
(ii) g( 2) = 3
6x
(iii) fg( 2) = 4
(iv) gf( 2) = 8
(v) fg( x ) = x 2
13
P1
(iii) f( x ) = 1 5 x = 5 x + 1
f 1( x ) =
(ii)
f(x)
6
x 1 1 x
=
5
5
5
4
f(x)
6
3
2
1
Answers
1, 1
6 6
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
6x
2
3
6x
4
5
Domain f( x ) :
x2
Range f( x ) :
f( x ) 4
x 4
f 1( x ) 2
Domain f ( x ) :
1
Range f ( x ) :
(iv) f 1( x ) = 2( x + 1) = 2 x + 2
(iii)
f(x)
6
f(x)
6
5
4
3
2
1
(2, 2)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
6x
6x
8x
2
3
4
5
2 (i)
f(x)
6
Domain f( x ) :
x 1
Range f( x ) :
f( x ) 5
Domain f ( x ) : x 5
Range f 1( x ) : f 1( x ) 1
5
4
3
(iv)
f(x)
8
1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
7
1
6x
6
5
Domain f( x ) :
x0
Range f( x ) :
f( x ) 4
4 3 2 1 0
1
2
3
Domain f 1( x ) : x 4
Range f 1( x ) :
f 1( x ) 0
Domain f( x ) : x 2
Range f( x ) :
f( x ) 1
Domain f ( x ) : x 1
14
Range f 1( x ) :
f 1( x ) 2
9x
= 4x 1
9
4x 1
4x 1
9x
=
9
4x 1
= x
g(x)
6
5
4
3
2
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1
f 1( x ) =
(ii)
1
1
P1
x +2
, x , x
4x 1
1
.
4
6x
3
4
5
6
Constant
2
3x 2
4 j1( x ) = 3 =
x
x
1
5 f ( x ) =
6 g1( x ) =
( x 2)4 1
x0
(d < 0)
7 k =
(ii)
g( x ) 3
Domain g1( x ) : x 3
Range g1( x ) : g1( x ) 0
8 (i)
Effect on graph
x +1
1
2
Domain g( x ) :
Range g( x ) :
Answers
f( x 3) + 1
Range is 0 f 10
= ( x 3)2 3( x 3) + 1
= x 2 6 x + 9 3x + 9 + 1
f(x)
= x 2 9 x + 19
y
5
4
3
2
1
1
7x
1
x
(iii) 4 x 10
2 g(1) = f(0) = 1
g(2) = fg(1) = f(1) = 3
g(3) = fg(2) = f(3) = 7
9 (i)
x +2
+2
4x 1
x +2
ff( x ) = f
=
4x 1
x +2
4
1
4x 1
x + 2 + 2(4 x 1)
4x 1
=
4( x + 2) (4 x 1)
4x 1
15
P1
2 (i)
3 f( x + 1) + f( x 1) = af( x )
x +1
x 1
x
3
a=
+3
(ii)
= a3
3 x + 1 + 3 x 1 3 x (3 + 31)
=
= 3 + 31 =
3x
3x
10
3
2f(n) 1 = 2( an + b ) 1 = 2an + 2b 1
a = 2b = 3
3 (i)
x = 2
k = 3.
(ii) g1( x ) =
4 (i)
x =
1
3
x+73
or x = 2
2 7x
2x 1
g1( x ) =
(ii)
(iv) f 1g( x ) =
x+4
2x + 7
(v)
Point on y = f 1( x)
Point on y = f( x)
(i)
3, 2, 1
(0, 2)
(2, 0)
(ii)
2, 1, 0
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(1, 5)
(5, 1)
(iii) 1, 0, 1
(i)
a = 3, b = 1 f(n) = 3n 1
a = 2, b = 2 f(n) = 2n 2
(ii)
a = 2, b = 1 f(n) = 2n + 1
f(x)
8
6
4
(iii) a = 1, b = 1 f(n) = n + 1
Exam focus
0
2
1 The domain of f( x ) is x 2
The range of f( x ) is y 2
The domain of f ( x ) is x 2
1
The range of f ( x ) is y 2
16
y=x
5 Differentiation
Exercise 5.3
1 (i)
Exercise 5.1
dy
= 20 x 3
dx
1 (i)
dy
= 1 20 x 3
dx
(ii)
(iii) dy = 10 x 3 = 10
3
dx
dx
1.0
1.5 x
y =
(vi) y =
dy
=
dx
(viii) y =
1
4
x 2
x +
1
2x 2
3x
2
=
3x
1
3=
3
x
1
x3
dy
3 x 4
3
1
x 3
=
=
=
3
dx
4
4
4x 4
4x
(vii) y = 2 x 3 x =
( , 4) and (
1
2
2x
3
f ( x ) = 2 x 2 2 x 3 =
2 (i)
(ii)
f ( x ) =
1
3x 2
3x 2
(iv) f ( x ) = 6
15
10
5
1
1
5
,
3
27
15
20
25
30
= 10 3 x 2
) or (1, 3).
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
Exercise 5.2
1 Equation of the tangent is: y = 10 x 8
2 y = 4 x 17
PR =
12 + 12 =
(ii) S is (1, 0)
4 (i)
(ii)
5 k = 5
y = 2x + 4 2x y + 4 = 0
Q is 4 1 , 6 3
0.5
10
0
5
0.5
3
x
= 3 x
27
20
2
2
3
x2
x
3 f (9) = 3 + 5 = 3 + 5 = 5 1 = 4 8
93
25
2
2 x 2
(iii) f ( x ) =
=
2
2 x 2
2
5 3
x
1
,
2
y
30
2
dy
2 x 2
1
1
2
= x 3 +
=
2
dx
3
3
33 x 2 3 x
3 (i)
= 2x 2
4 x
1
= 4 x 1 x
4
x 4
dy
4
1
= 4 x 2 = 2
4
dx
x
(v)
Answers
(iv) dy = 6 x
P1
3 2 1 0
x = 1 is a local minimum
8x
17
P1
2 0 < x < 1
3 (i)
4 (i)
y
5
4
x
2
Answers
3
2
()
h2 + x
2
1
0
1
2x
= x2
h2 = x 2
y = 2x3 3x2
x2
4
3x 2
4
3
h =
x
2
h2 =
3
4
5
(ii) Perimeter = 10
(ii)
g(x)
4
g(x) = 3x2 2x3
3 x + 2 y = 10 y =
A = xy +
= x
10 3 x
2
1
3
x
x
2
2
10 3 x
3 2
+
x
2
4
10 x 3 x 2
3 2
+
x
2
4
3
3 2
= 5x x 2 +
x
2
4
36 2
= 5x +
x
4
=
2x
= 2.34m (3 s.f.)
5 (i)
k =5
4 (i)
8
3
= 2r 2 +
is a maximum
Exercise 5.4
1 Maximum value of P is 9 9 = 81
2 Dimensions are 3m by 4.5m.
V = r 2h = 5000 h =
5000
r 2
S = 2r 2 + 2rh
5000
= 2r 2 + 2r
r 2
8
8
f = 6 + 5 = 11 < 0
3
3
x =
18
10 000
r
r =
10 000
= 9.27cm
4
5 (i)
2b + 2r = 400
(vi) y = x + 3 = 2 ( x + 3)
2b = 400 2r
b = 200 r
(ii)
400
= 31.8 m (3 s.f.)
4
b = 200 31.8... = 100 m
dy
2
2
= 2 ( x + 3) =
dx
( x + 3)2
r =
V = x y
= x 2 (120 4 x )
= 120 x 4 x
(1 2 x )2
dV
= 240 x 12 x 2
dx
= 4 (1 2 x )
1
5
= 5 (5 x + 3) 2
5x + 3
3
dy
25
5
= ( 5 x + 3) 2 5 =
3
2
dx
2 ( 5 x + 3)
y = mx + c 3 = 2 12 + c c = 21
y = 2 x 21
3 Point is (2, 2)
x = 0cm or 20cm
4 g( x ) = 9 ( x + 2)
Since x 0, x = 20cm
y = 120 4 20 = 40 cm
Volume is 16000cm3
inverse.
9 Dimensions are:
g(x)
(ii)
y = ( x 4)7
dy
= 7( x 4)6
dx
y = (3 x + 2)8
dy
= 8(3 x + 2)7 3
dx
1
2
3 x
1
2
3
4
1
3
(1 9 x )
6 (i)
2
3
3
3
5 (i)
(ii)
(3 + 4 x )
1
2
1 9 x = (1 9 x ) 3
dy
=
dx
1
4 x )2
2
3 + 4x
y =
= 18(5 2 x )8
3 + 4 x = (3 +
(v)
dy
= 9(5 2 x )8 2
dx
dy
=
dx
= 24(3 x + 2)7
(iii) y = (5 2 x )9
(iv) y =
3
2
Exercise 5.5
1 (i)
dy
16
3
= 8 (1 2 x ) 2 =
dx
1
( 2 x )3
(viii) y =
(vii) y =
Answers
4x + y = 120 so y = 120 4x
P1
(1 9 x )2
k =
3
2
x <
5
2
or x >
1
2
dy
2
2
= 2 ( x 1) + 2 =
+2
dx
( x 1)2
d2 y
dx 2
= 4 ( x 1)
(x
1)
P1
h
( a + b ) 200
2
h
h
60 + 60 + 2
=
200
2
3
7 0.2cm/s
8 0.111m/min (3 s.f.)
= 11.1cm/min (3 s.f.)
9 0.16 units/s
= 100h 120 +
2h
3
10 (i)
= 200h 60 +
h
3
Answers
11 0.05 rad/s
12 (i)
k 2 2x 5 22
60 cm
k 2 2 3 2 5 22
120 cm
80 cm
x
h
30 cm
Equation of the normal is y = mx + c
y + 80
h+ y
x
k52
(ii)
The y value when x = 2 is g(2) = 2 3 2 2 22 = 0.
60
k 2 4 5 22
0 =
y
y = 80 cm
30
= h + 80 3h + 240 = 8 x x =
x
+ 30 + 30
2
Volume = 120
h=
3 2
h
8
3
h
8
1
2
+ 30
x 1
+ 60h
2
x 1 = 2x x 2
x 2 = 4 x 2x 2
3 2
h
16
2x 3x 2 = 0
(2 x + 1)( x 2) = 0
+ 30h
x = 1 or 2
3 2
h + 30h
16
g(
1
)
2
= 2
1
2
( )
1 2
2
1 41
g(x)
3
2
1
13 (i)
2 1 0
P 1
h
3 =
4 x
In the right-angled triangle
tan60 = x
60
x 2 + 102 so cos =
2 (i) SP =
h
h
x =
x
3
PW =
h
Length of CD is 60 + 2x = 60 + 2
Volume = area of trapezium length
(iii) 0.983cm/min
20
1
2
= 45 h2 + 3600h cm3
2 + c c = 1 so y =
To find the other point, solve simultaneously
1
2
x
x 2 + 102
(30 x )2 + 52
(900 60 x + x 2 ) + 25
925 60 x + x 2
cos =
30 x
925 60 x + x 2
(ii)
x 2 + 102
+
10
Time T =
925 60 x + x 2
5
1
[cos
10
T = 0 when
4 x
2cos ]
1
[cos
10
2cos ] = 0
50 km
cos = 2cos
3 (i)
P1
Answers
1 2
( x + 100) 2 2 x +
2
T = 1
1
10
2 1 (925 60 x + x 2 ) 2 (2 x 60)
2
x
2(
30)
x
+
= 1 2
10 x + 100
925 60 x + x 2
x
30 x
2
= 1 2
10 x + 100
925 60 x + x 2
f(x)
x 2 + 102 + 2 925 60 x + x 2
10
30 km
V = r 2h
()
R2 = r 2 + h
2
r 2 = R2
40 x
h
4
30 km
50 km
h2
V = R2
h
4
h3
= R h
4
dV
h2
3
= R2
dh
4
dV
3h2
= 0 when R2
= 0
dh
4
2
R2 =
(ii)
Vcylinder
r 2h
= 4 3
Vsphere
3 R
=
= 1 +
R2
2R2
=
3
3
1 2
(x
2
( )
2
3R
2R
4R
2R2 2R
3
3 3
4R 3
4R
3
=
4R 3
1
=
3
+ 900)
1
2
2x
2x
2
x + 900
2x
x 2 + 900
2x
= 0
=1
2x =
dL
= 1 + 2
dx
x 2 + 900
3r 2h
4R 3
3
= (40 x ) + 2( x 2 + 900) 2
= R2
x 2 + 900
= (40 x ) + 2 x 2 + 900
4R
= h2
3
2R
h=
3
2R
3
h2
2
2
2
r = R
= R
4
4
2
r =
R
3
x 2 + 900 +
= (40 x ) +
3h2
4
x 2 + 900
x 2 + 900
4 x 2 = x 2 + 900
3 x 2 = 900
x 2 = 300
x =
300 17.3 km
L = (40 x ) + 2 x 2 + 900
= (40 17.3...) + 2 (17.3...)2 + 900
= 91.9615... km
= 92 km (3 s.f.)
So ratio is 1: 3 or 3:3
21
P1
Exam focus
7 (i)
13
6
and
16
2,
3
Volume = r 2h +
.
r 2h = 100
2
r 3
3
100
2
r 3
3
Answers
h=
y = 3 x + 8 or 3 x + y 8 = 0
y = mx + c
5=
1
3
c =
14
3
y =
1
3
x +
14
3
(ii)
or x 3 y + 14 = 0
dx 2
At x = 0,
At x = 2,
dx 2
d2 y
At x = 2,
minimum.
d2 y
dx 2
1
( 4 r 2 )
2
200 4 r 2
+ 3r 2
r
3
200
=
+ 3 4 r 2
r
3
200 5 2
=
+
r
r
3
=
= 16 so (0, 2) is a maximum.
dx 2
minimum.
= 12 22 16 = 32 so (2, 14) is a
200 10
+
r = 0
3
r2
10 3
200 +
r = 0
3
200
r3 =
= 19.098...
10
3
r = 2.67cm (3 s.f.)
22
S = 2rh + r 2 +
= 12 x 2 16
d2 y
r 2
100 2r
S = 2r 2 + r 2 + 2r 2
3
r
3 The stationary points are (0, 2), (2, 14) and (2, 14).
d2 y
) = r h +
2
r 3
100
3
=
r 2
r 2
= 100
2r
3
r 2
1
3
1+ c
1 4
r 3
2 3
2
r 3
3
= 100
6 Integration
7 Area = 4.5
Exercise 6.1
x4
x2
+
+c
2
2
1 (i)
(ii)
x+
3x 2
+c
2
(2, 5)
(iii) x 2 x 5 + c
(iv)
5 4 3 2 1 1 0 1
2
3
4
5
x2 x6
+
+c
4
3
(v)
(vi)
1
+ 3x 2 + c
2x
93 x 4 + c
2
2 (i)
(iii) 4 x + c
(iv) 4 x 5 + c
5
1
+c
3 +
x 3x 3
6 The equation is y = x +
3
2
x
A=
3x
+ x
2
2
3 22
+2 31 +1
2
2
4+7
1 = 5.5
2
(3 x + 1)6
18
(iii)
(iv)
2
3
(iii)
2
3
=5
1
3
4 Area = 2 5 1 = 10 2
3
5 Area = 10 ( 2) = 12
6 Total area = 5 + 1 = 6
x
+ 3 + c
+c
2 (1 x )
+c
3
3
3 (i)
+c
30
+c
(1 6 x )10
(2 x 1) 2
2
3
(ii)
16
3
1
3
+c
2 The area is 1 1 .
3=9
( x 2)4
1 (3x + 1) dx
= 8 2.5
= 5.5
(ii)
1 (i)
(ii)
Exercise 6.2
2
3
Exercise 6.3
5 f ( x ) = 2 x 3 x 2 + 30
A=
= 925
10 k = 4
1
4 y = 3 + x + 2
x
1 (i)
6x
Area = 27 14 = 41
3
3
2x 3 6 x 5 + c
3
5
(ii)
(3, 0)
Answers
2
+c
x2
P1
y
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
(2 x + 1)2
+c
1
+c
4
6 ( x 4)
(iv)
2
+c
5
5 ( 7 x + 2)
(v)
3 5 2 x + c
x
(vi) 36 3 1 + + c
2
23
P1
Exercise 6.4
1 1 1 = 2
36 4
9
1 2 2 x + k x + 2 dx =
2 x + k x 2 + 4 x + 4 dx =
x 2 2 x + k 4 dx =
2 4
3 3
x3
2
3 x + k 4 x =
Exercise 6.5
Answers
2
0
3
8 = 25.1 ( 3 s.f.)
1 (i)
(ii)
= 4.19 ( 3 s.f.)
2 75.4 ( 3 s.f.)
V (solid) =
27
5 Points of intersection:
2 x ( x 2) = x
2x 2 3x = 0
x (2 x 3) = 0
x = 0 or x =
3
2
1 .5
x4 4x3 +
h
hr
r +c c =
Rr
Rr
15
4
dy
R r 2 y 3 2r R r y 2
+
+ r2y
=
h 3
h
2
x 2 dx
R r 2 h3 2r (R r ) h2
+ r 2h
+
=
h 3
h
2
2
h (R r )
=
+ hr (R r ) + r 2h
3
h R2 2Rr + r 2
=
+ hr R r + r 2h
3
h 2
2
2
2
=
R 2Rr + r + 3rR 3r + 3r
3
h 2
=
R + Rr + r 2
3
1.55
5 1.53
4
+
1
.
5
4
= 5
05
5 03
4
0 +
4
5
6 a = 8 ( since a > 0 )
1
2
0 x
h R r
2r (R r )
=
y2 +
y + r 2 dy
0 h
h
1 .5
1
h
3
R 2 + rR + r 2
24
h
Rr
h
hr
x
Rr
Rr
hr
h
=
x
y +
Rr
Rr
Rr
x =
y +r
h
R r 2 2 2r (R r )
y + r2
x2 =
y +
h
h
x5
5x3
=
x4 +
5
4
10
3
y = mx + c 0 =
2
1
= x ( x 2) x dx
2
0
1 .5 4
1
= (x 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 ) x 2 dx
4
0
7 (i)
10
3
Equation is
1 .5
10
3
2k = 10
k =5
V =
V (solid)
27
40
+ 2k =
10
3
y =
1
2
x ( x 2) = x
20
3
10
3
+ k 4 2 =
10
3
+ 4 + 2k 8 =
62 2 = 24
4 15
8
3
10
3
Area =
k +1
2 x 2 dx =
k +1
2x 3
3 k
109
6
109
6
2 ( k + 1)3 2k 3
=
3
3
109
6
2 ( k 3 + 3k 2 + 3k + 1) 2k 3
=
3
109
6
2k 3 + 6k 2 + 6k + 2 2k 3 =
109
6
6k 2 + 6k + 2 =
109
6
2 ( k + 1)3 2k 3
=
3
3
109
6
2 ( k 3 + 3k 2 + 3k + 1) 2k 3
=
3
109
6
2k 3 + 6k 2 + 6k + 2 2k 3 =
109
6
6k 2 + 6k + 2 = 109
6
3
2
2 ( 6k + 6k + 2) = 109
3
+c
4 ( 4 x + 1)
3 2
4 1
areaof OAFD
4k 2 + 4k 35 = 0
= ( 4 5) 12 ( 3 1)
1
3
( 2k + 7) ( 2k 5) = 0
Since x > 0, k =
5
2
or
= 4
7
2
6 Shaded Area = 42 2
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 x + y = R x = R y
2
8 (i)
w / 2w / 2 2 2
cylinder
x dxy dyV V
cylinder
w /2w / 2
w / 2w / 2
2= 2 x 2dxy2dy r 2wr 2w
0 0
w / 2w / 2
2= 2 R2R2 y2 yd2 y dy r 2wr 2w
0 0
w / 2w / 2
2 2 y 3 y 3
2 2
V =V =
( (
) )
1
2
1
2
1 1 =
2
3
1
2
1
6
Final volume =
r wr w
= 2= 2
R yR y
3 3
0 0
(b)
Final volume =
R2w
3
R2w w 3w
= 2= 2
r 2wr 2w
2
2 24
24
or
=
3 3
ww
2 w 2 2 2 2
R2Rw
r wr w
= 2= 2
2 2 3 3
15
21
or
1
5
w3w 3 2 2
= =R2w
r wr w
R2
w
12 12
2
w3w 3 2 2 w 2w
= =R2w
R
R2
w
R w w
12 12
4 4
w3w 3 2 2 w3w 3
= =R2w
R w
R2
w
R +
w +
12 12
4 4
1
6
18
units3
5
7 Volume =
w 2w 2
ww + r+2 r=2 R=2 R
2
r 2 r=2 R=2 R2
Also
Also
2 2
4 4
2
3
Answers
k =
P1
1
6
= =w3w 3
9 (i)
21
or
(ii)
Final volume =
Volume =
4
units3 0.838 units3 to 3 s.f.
15
or
Final volume =
3
5
15
units
Exam focus
1 The curve is y = x 2 + x 4
y
12
10
8
6
4
2
6
0
2
A(1, 2)
25
P1
7 Trigonometry
Exercise 7.1
1 (i)
(ii)
Answers
2 (i)
sin x tan x
LHS =
a=
b =
=
=
(iii) c = 8.40 cm
(iv) = 40.5
=
=
2 (i)
(ii)
d = 11.1cm
(ii)
= 60.9
= 180 60.9 53 = 66.1
(iii) x = 17.9 cm
(iv) = 107
(iii) 1 + cos x
sin x
(i)
Area = 27.1cm
RHS =
(ii)
Area = 512 cm
=
=
11.2 cm
sin x
1 cos x
sin x
1 + cos x
1 cos x 1 + cos x
sin x (1 + cos x )
1 cos2 x
sin x (1 + cos x )
sin2 x
1 + cos x
sin x
LHS
y = 6 cm
sin2 x
sin2 x
cos2 x
sin2 x sin2 x cos2 x
=
cos2 x
LHS =
Exercise 7.2
1
Angle
Other angle
thesamevalue
sin 30
sin 150
sin 210
sin 330
cos 60
1
2
1
2
1
2
cos 300
1
3
tan 30
tan 210
cos 150
cos 210
tan 120
tan 300
3
2
sin2 x 1 cos2 x
2
cos x
sin2 x sin2 x
=
cos2 x
2
sin x
=
sin2 x
cos2 x
= tan2 x sin2 x
= RHS
Exact value
thathas
26
1
cos x
cos x
sin x
sin x
cos x
sin2 x
cos x
1 cos2 x
cos x
cos2 x
1
cos x
cos x
1
cos x
cos x
RHS
3 (i)
(
= ( sin
)(
x ) (1)
x cos
= sin2 x cos2 x
= RHS
sin (1 + sin )
(1 sin ) (1 + sin )
sin (1 + sin )
(ii)
tan x +
1
cos x
cos x
1 sin x
sin x
1
LHS =
+
cos x cos x
sin x + 1
=
cos x
sin x + 1 cos x
=
cos x
cos x
sin x + 1) cos x
(
=
1 sin2 x
( sin x + 1) cos x
=
(1 sin x )(1 + sin x )
(ii)
(iii)
cos x
cos x
2
1 cos x 1 + cos x
tan2 x
cos x
cos x
LHS =
1 cos x 1 + cos x
cos x (1 + cos x ) cos x (1 cos x )
=
(1 cos x ) (1 + cos x )
=
1
1
2
+
1 cos x 1 + cos x
sin2 x
LHS =
(1 + cos x ) + (1 cos x )
(1 cos x )(1 + cos x )
2
1 cos2 x
2
=
sin2 x
= RHS
(iv) 1 + tan2 x
1 tan2 x
LHS =
=
=
=
1
2cos2 x 1
sin2 x
1+
cos2 x
sin2 x
1
cos2 x
cos2 x + sin2 x
cos2 x
2
cos x sin2 x
cos2 x
1
cos2 x
cos2 x sin2 x
cos2 x
1
cos2 x
2
2
cos x cos x sin2 x
1
cos2 x sin2 x
1
2
cos x 1 cos2 x
1
2cos2 x 1
= RHS
=
4 (i)
P1
=
=
Answers
cos x
1 sin x
= RHS
=
1 sin
sin
1
sin
=
sin sin
1
=
1
sin
= RHS
=
Exercise 7.3
1 (i)
(ii)
sin x =
15
4
tan2 x = 15
7
53
2 (i) cos x =
(ii)
3 (i)
(ii)
sin2 x =
4
53
x = 210 or 330
x = 30 or 150 or 210 or 330
5 (i)
cos
1
1
tan (1 + sin ) sin
cos
sin
(1 + sin )
cos
cos2
=
sin (1 + sin )
LHS =
0.25
1x
(1 sin )
2
=
=
sin (1 + sin )
(1 sin ) (1 + sin )
sin (1 + sin )
1 sin
=
sin
1
sin
=
27
P1
(ii)
y 1
7 (i)
(ii)
x = 120, 120
(iii) x = 180
1
8 (i)
1x
0.7
4 cos2 x + 7sin x 2 = 0
4 1 sin2 x + 7sin x 2 = 0
2
Answers
4 4 sin x + 7sin x 2 = 0
4 sin2 x + 7sin x + 2 = 0
4 sin2 x 7sin x 2 = 0
( 4 sin x
x = 134.4 or 225.6
1
4
sin x =
y 1
(iii)
+ 1)(sin x 2) = 0
(ii)
1
or sin x = 2
= 5.5, 214.5
1x
Exercise 7.4
1 Degrees
1
x = 41.2 or 221.2
(iv)
y 1
1 x
2
5
6 (i)
x = 203.6 or 336.4
( cos1 + tan )
1 + sin
1 sin
sin
( cos1 + cos
)
1 + sin
=(
cos )
LHS =
=
=
=
(1 + sin )2
cos2
(1 + sin )2
(1 sin )
2
(1 + sin )2
(1 sin ) (1 + sin )
1 + sin
1 sin
= RHS
=
(ii)
28
= 203.6 or 336.4
Radians
120
2
3
36
330
11
6
150
5
6
240
4
3
54
3
10
225
5
4
315
7
4
Degrees
Radians
12
0.209
10.9
0.190
145
2.53
169.0
2.95
235
4.10
288.8
5.04
342.5
5.98
78.5
1.37
1
4
Angle
Exact value
sin
sin
3
4
1
2
=
2
2
cos
cos
11
6
3
2
tan
6
cos
5
4
1
2
sin
5
3
sin
4
3
3
2
2tan
x = tan2 x
5
tan x
04 = tan2 x 2tan
4
0 = tan x ( tan x 2)
tan x = 0 or tan x = 2
2
4
x 4.25
3=0
x sin
= 0,x+, 24sin
, 1.11,
(2sin x + 3)(2sin x 1) = 0
3
or sin x =
2
5
x = ,
6 6
(ii)
sin x =
1
2
(iv) cos x =
x =
(v)
4
3
tan x =
or tan x = 1
(vi) sin x =
x =
1
2
or sin x = 5
1
2
6 6 sin = 36
18 18sin = 36
18 ( sin ) = 36
sin = 2
= sin + 2
(ii)
= 2.55
tan =
AC
AC = 8 tan
8
1
2
8 tan 8
1
2
82
= 32tan 32
= 32 ( tan )
So angle ACD = = 2
3
3
(ii) Perimeter = AD + BD + AB
or cos x = 1
5
,
, 0, 2
3 3
1 2
6
2
Answers
3
4
4 (i)
5 (i)
1
3
cos
tan
P1
7
tan
6
=8
32
+ 8 + 16
+ 8 cm
64
3
16 3
Exercise 7.6
1 (i)
5
,
6 6
y
3
2
1
0
Exercise 7.5
1 (i)
P = 22.4 cm
A = 29.4 cm2
P = 75.2 cm ( 3 s.f.)
(ii)
2 =
12
7
= 1.71 = 98.2
3 Perimeter:
10
+ 10 3 = 27.8 cm ( 3 s.f.)
3
Area: 17.1cm2
90
180
270
360 x
3
2
2 x
(ii)
y
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
29
P1
(ii)
(iii) y
3
2
1
0
90
180
270
0
1
2
3
4
5
360 x
Answers
(iv)
T
5
4
3
2
1
y
5
3
2
4pm
0
1
3
2
2 x
9 (i)
2
y
4
3
2
1
y
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
90
180
270
360 x
10 (i)
(ii)
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2 x
y =
+ x
x
1
= +
= 1 + x = 1 + 0.318 x
f (x) 2
f
( ) = 2
1
3
(iii) f(x)
5
0
1
3
2
2 x
10
2 A = 4, B = 1, C = 2
15
3 A = 5, B = 2, C = 1
4 A = 2, B = 3, C = 2
5 A = 2, B = 1 , C = 3
2
6 A = 2, B = 3, C = 2
8 (i) period =
(iv) f 1 ( x ) = 2tan1 2 x
11 (i) b = 5.
7 A = 2, B = 1
30
3
2
(ii)
The line we need to draw is:
(vi)
4 t
(v)
2
3
a = 3.
(ii)
(ii)
2 (i) H (m)
3
2
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2 x
cos ( x ) = k
cos ( x ) = k
(ii)
(ii)
tan ( x ) = k
1
1 + k2
(iv) sin ( + x ) =
k
1 + k2
(v)
tan
14 (i)
x =
4
5
or
3
3
x =
5
or or
3
3
(ii)
+x =
1
k
)
)
)
)
16 32
,
3
3
1
3
2
3
5
or
4
4
1
3
2
3
Sun
Moon
r
q
3sin3 + 3 = 2 1 sin2 3
3sin3 + 3 = 2 2sin 3
2sin2 3 + 3sin3 + 1 = 0
+ 1) ( sin3 + 1) = 0
1
2
t (hours)
( )
(iii) t = 23 seconds
sin3 =
( )
t = 5 , 10
Period = 40 seconds
(2sin3
2
= 4 hours
10.5 = 9 3cos t
8
3cos t = 1.5
8
1
cos t =
2
8
= cos 1 1
t
8
2
2
4
=
,
t
3 3
8
t =
Period =
(
(
(
(
tan ( x ) = k
(iii) cos x =
(iii) 1 am
1 k2
k
tan x =
H = 2sin t + 3
2
(iv) cos ( + x ) = k
13 (i)
H = 2sin t + 3
2
Amplitude = 2
Period = 2 : = 4
2
1
2
3
4
(iii) sin x = 1 k 2
(v)
P1
Answers
12 (i)
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
or sin3 = 1
(i)
A= 2
1
r 2
2
1 2
r 2
2
1
2
r 2 sin2
= r 2 2 r 2 sin2
= 4 2sin2
2sin2 = 4
P1
(ii)
4 LHS = sin x +
r
=
=
q
r
2
Answers
1
sin x
cos x
sin x
cos x
+
cos x
sin x
2
sin x + cos2 x
sin x cos x
1
sin x cos x
RHS
cos x
r
cos = 2 cos =
r
(iii)
A=2
1
2
1 2
r 2
2
= 60 =
1
2
r 2 sin2
= 2r 2 r 2 sin2
2
= 2r 2 r 2 sin
3
3
2 2
3 2
=
r
r
3
2
2
3 2
=
r
3
2
2
3 2
r
2
3
% covered =
100%
r 2
2
3
2 100%
= 3
= 39.1%
5 LHS =
=
=
=
sin x (1 cos x )
2 2cos x
sin x (1 cos x )
2 (1 cos x )
sin x (1 cos x )
2
sin x
= RHS
=
5
11
7
or
or
or
12
12
12
12
8 sin x = 0 or sin x = 1
x = 0 or x =
Exam focus
1 (i)
(ii) c = 2.
x =
1
2
or 2
,
3
3
b = 4.
a = 2.
cos x =
1 k2
(iii) tan x =
3 LHS =
=
=
=
32
9 cos x =
sin2
1+
cos2
cos2 + sin2
cos2
1
cos2
RHS
10
+ 10 3 + 10
3
12 (i)
1 k2
k
5
3
8 Vectors
1
c
2
Exercise 8.1
5
+ 2a =
0
P1
1 (i)
c
b
Answers
(ii)
2 (i) 4i 5j
6
2a =
(ii) i + 2j
5
b =
(iii) g = 6j
h = 4i 5j
1
c=
2
2
1
g + h = 6j + 4i 5j = 4i 11j
3 (i)
(ii)
1c
2
l = 3.61 ( 3 s.f.)
l = 2.24 ( 3 s.f.)
2a
(iii) a + b =
(i)
1
b 2c =
(ii)
3
OA =
4
BC =
7
(iii) CA =
2
(iv) D is (15, 23)
5 (i)
(ii)
OB = 2 m + 1 n
OE =
5
m
2
+ 5n
2
(iii) BD = 2 m + 3 n
2
33
P1
(iv)
6 (i)
EC =
1
m
2
3n
2
0.8
Unit vector =
0.6
or
Answers
17
(ii)
Unit vector =
1
17
or
7 (i)
1
( 4i j)
17
8 (ii)
18
18
13
(ii)
3i + 4k
2i + 6j
= 121.9 (1d.p.)
4 = 77.5 (1d.p.)
5 c = 2
5
0
PQ = 3
6 (i)
(ii)
QR is twice the length of PQ
7 (i)
OM = 14i + 20k
C M = 30i 20k
MB = 14i + 16 j + 20k
S is (1, 2, 3).
CB = 12i + 16 j + 40k
8
CD = 4
21
= 4i + 10j 3k
AF
12
AB = 10
BF = 4i + 10j + 3k
(ii) QR = 6
(ii)
(ii) EC = 3
= 47.1 (1d.p.)
a 1
1 = 0 a + b + 3c = 0 (1)
c 3
1 b .
13 G is (8, 13, 6)
34
= 97.9 (1d.p.)
19
10 CD = 9.64 (3 s.f.)
14 (i)
= 147.3 (1d.p.)
9
(iii)
a=
(v) 5i 6j 4k
12 (i)
= 169.7 (1d.p.)
1 (i)
3 (i)
(iii) 5i 6j + 4k
(iv)
(5i 12k )
2 = 130.2 (1d.p.)
(ii) 5i + 6j + 4k
11 (i)
Exercise 8.2
(ii)
9 (i) 3i + 4k
(vi)
1
13
0.521
15 The unit vector is 0.047
0.852
8 AB =i + 5j 4k
(iv)
5
13
0
=
12
13
1
3
Unit vector = i
2
3
j +
2
k
3
a 2
b . 0
c 5
= 0 2a + 5c = 0
(2)
2a + 2b + 6c = 0
(1) 2 (3)
2b + 11c = 0
42 + a2 + 32
a2 + b2 + 9 = 16 + a2 + 9
b2 = 16
b = 4
a 4
b . a
3 3
P1
OR is
6
0
8
1
10
0.6
= 0
0.8
2 p = 6
3 = 51.2 (1d.p.)
Answers
a2 + b2 + 32 =
2 p = q
Exam focus
(2) + (3)
= 0 4a + ab + 9 = 0
9
8
If b = 4, 4a + 4a + 9 = 0 a =
9
8
and b = 4
2
120 120k
= k 60 = 60k
40 40k
(120k )
va =
120
60
40
k2 =
25
16
k =
5
4
150
= 75 = 150i 75 j + 50k
50
35
P1
(ii)
Answers
2 (i)
(ii)
16 ( x 4)2
a = 16, b = 4
5 (i)
y= x
3
2
a = 3 ,b =
2
9
4
9
4
Equation of BC is
y=
1
2
x + 11 or x 2 y + 11 = 0
2
Equation of BC is:
y=
1
2
x+4
Equation of CD is:
y = 2 x + 29
(ii)
C is (10, 9)
3 (i)
or k < 96
(iii) $14300
6 (i) 10836
(ii) (a) x = 96
(b)
S = 432
7 (i)
32 + 80u + 80u 2 +
32 + 80 x 2 + 80 x 4 +
(a) d = 3
(b) 57
(c) 570
(ii) (a) $6515.58 or $6516
(b) $56827 or $56800
$369000
(ii) $3140000
2 x 10
2 Co-ordinate geometry
1 (i)
1 Algebra
1 (i)
4 (i)
4 Functions
1 (i)
x =71
2
Equation of CD is:
y = 3 x + 24 or 3x + 2 y 48 = 0
(ii)
f(x)
4
D is (10, 9)
5 m < 10 or m > 2
M is (5, 2)
(ii)
6 (i)
D is ( 7, 2)
(ii)
7 (i)
(ii)
6:4 = 3:2
k = 8.5
(ii)
2 (i)
(ii)
a=
= 27
S = 81
$61.50
S = 18
3 Coefficient of x is 1080
36
4 x
2
3
18
2
3
(iii) x = 9 or 2
2
2 (i)
(ii)
a = 2, b = 3
x=
9
4
g1 ( x ) = 16 x + 4
4 (i)
8 The domain of f 1 is x 3
(ii) Range is f ( x ) 1 .
9 (i) Range of f is 0 f 4.
(ii) f(x)
P1
2
2
(iii) gf ( x ) = g ( x 2 x ) = 2 ( x 2 x ) + 3
= 2x 2 4 x + 3
2 x 2 4 x + 3 = 0 has b 2 4ac = 8
so has no real solutions.
(iv)
Answers
g(x)
6
5
4
3
2
1
6 5 4 3 2 110
2
3
4
5
6
5 (i)
(ii)
2 x for 0 x 2
x
2
2 for 2 < x 4
f -1 ( x ) =
(iii)
10 (i) a = 2b = 8
(ii) fg ( x ) = 22 6 x
Range is 1 f(x) 5.
y
5
5 Differentiation
1 (i) V =
(ii) r = 8cm
90
180
360 x
270
2 (i)
(ii)
r
2
h= 4r
A = 2r h +
3 x
2
(iv) g1 ( x ) = sin1
f( x ) 9
1
r 2
2
= 2r 4 r r +
2
1
r 2
2
= 8r 2r 2 r 2 +
1
r 2
2
= 8r 2r 2
1
r 2
2
(iii) x = 25
3 The point is
(ii)
(192r r )
7 (i)
6 (i)
1 2 3 4 5 6 x
1
,
2
51 .
4
4 y = 2 2
f(x)
6
6 f ( x ) =
(2x
12
+ 3)
12
(2 x + 3)2
is always negative.
6x
(iii) x = 1
37
P1
7 f ( x ) = 9 ( 3 x + 2)
(ii)
Since (3 x + 2)2 > 0 for all values of x, f (x) > 0 for all
8 (i)
Answers
(ii)
y =
2
3
24 x
(x
x +
7
3
+3
x = 4 is a minimum point
(ii)
2 (i)
(ii)
3 (i)
(ii)
Equation is y =
(ii)
5 (i)
6 (i)
+2
1
2
(ii)
7 (i)
(ii)
Area = 9 1
3
x = 1,
dy
=
dx
8 (i)
8
15
When x = 1,
dy
=
dx
4
3
0 ( 5 62x ) dx
2
= 36 (5 2 x ) dx
1
1
5 2 x 1
(
)
1
= 36
1
2
dy
2
24
= 8 (3 x + 2) 3 =
2
dx
(3 x + 2)
1
1
= 36
2 (5 2 x ) 0
dy
24
=
= 3
2
8
dx
(3 2 + 2)
1
1
= 36
2 (5 2 1) 2 (5 2 0)
= 36 1 1
6 10
y = mx + c 1 = 3 2 + c c =
8
y = 3 x +
8
7
4
= 36 1
15
7
4
Co-ordinates of C is when y = 0
0 = 3x +
8
42
3
7
4
x =
2=
14
3
= 42
3
9 (i)
22
3
38
k = 27
(iii) V =
1
8
y =
= 8 (3 x + 2)
3x + 2
DC =
Equation of curve is y = 3 4 x 3 6
or x > 1
At x = 2,
2y = x + 9 x + 2y = 9
(iv) A = 33.75
Equation of curve is y = x 3 2 x 2 + x + 5
1
3
9
2
At x = 1 = 0.025 units/second
x <
dx
y = 2 x + 12
(iii) Area = 2
4 (i)
(1 + 2 x )3
= 64 1
8
= 8
6 Integration
1 (i)
(3 x + 2)
1
1
= 64
3 (3 2 + 2) 3 (3 0 + 2)
= 64 1 + 1
24 6
2
0
2
1
= 64
3 (3 x + 2) 0
or 2x 3y + 7 = 0
x=4
2
3 x + 2 1
(
)
1
= 64
3
1
0 ( 3x8+ 2 ) dx
= 64
V =
1
2
22
3
1=
4
3
12
Shaded area = 2 1
(ii) V =
14
9
4
9
= 4.71 ( 3 s.f.)
10 (i)
k=5
Equation is y = 5 x x 2 + 5
AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2
(ii)
11 (i)
(ii)
3
=
l + l2
2
a = 1, b = 2
A = 2.25
(iii) c =
8 =
2 1.41
(ii)
(iii)
y
3
3
2
5 (i)
3
4
(ii)
5
6
l
3
l
2
2
3
2
+ 30 ) = tan1
3
1
3
( 2)
Cosine rule:
AB2 = 64
AB = 8 cm
or
2
2
2
cos AOB = 20 + 20 32
2 20 20
cos AOB = 0.28
8
9
or
sin
1
2
AOB =
1
AOB
2
) = sin
16
20
BC 2 = 82 + 82 2 8 8 cos
2
3
BC 2 = 192
1 16
BC =
20
= 24 + 8 3 cm
A = 371 cm
192 = 8 3
Perimeter = 8 + 8 3 + 16
6 (i)
4 sin4 + 5 = 7cos2
4 sin4 + 5 = 7 1 sin2
4
4 sin + 5 = 7 7sin
4 sin4 + 7sin2 2 = 0
With x = sin2 we have 4 x 2 + 7 x 2 = 0
3sin = 2 1 sin2
3sin = 2 2sin
2
2sin + 3sin 2 = 0
4 (i)
1
l
2
2
30
x = tan1
3
2 x
(ii)
7 l2 = 7 l =
4
2
In triangle ABC
(x
0
1
3 (i)
7 2
l
4
tan ( x + 30 ) =
(ii)
+ l2
tan ( x + 30) =
3 2
l
4
Answers
b = 3
a=5
(ii)
2 (i)
AB =
7 Trigonometry
1 (i)
P1
= 30 or 150
(ii)
7 (i)
(ii)
3
l
cos 30 = AC AC = cos 30 l =
l
2
sin30 = DC DC = sin30 l = 1 l
2
l
BC = 2 DC = l
39
P1
8 (i) y
(ii) = 60 or 300
y = 2 sin x
14 (i)
0
1
3
4
Answers
15 (i)
y = cos 2x
(ii)
BD = 6.66cm
2 5cos2 x
a = 2, b = 5
Two solutions
3 f ( x ) 2
9 (i)
B
O
q
15 cm
17 (i)
8 cm
15 cm
2
1
1
LHS =
sin tan
2
1
cos
=
sin
sin
1 cos 2
=
sin
( )
(ii)
= (1 cos )
sin2
21
25
(ii) tan2 x =
4
21
10 (i)
11 (i)
(ii)
3 3cos2 x = 8 cos x
0 = 3cos x + 8 cos x 3
13 (i)
3
= 6
=3 3
3
2
Distance from E to AB is 10 sinq
Equating these distances gives:
10 sin = 3 3
sin =
2tan cos = 3
sin2
2
cos = 3
cos2
8 Vectors
1 (i)
MC = MO + OC + CC
= ( 4i 6k ) + 4 j + 12k
4
= 4i + 4 j + 6k = 4
2 2cos2 = 3cos
2cos2 + 3cos 2 = 0
4
MO = MB + BO = 4i 6k = 0
2sin2
=3
cos
2sin2 = 3cos
0 = 2cos2 + 3cos 2
3 3
10
2 1 cos2 = 3cos
40
3 3
= sin1
10
(1 cos )
= 64.6 or 295.4
3cos2 x + 8 cos x 3 = 0
(ii)
3 1 cos2 x = 8 cos x
12 (i)
(1 cos )
1 cos
1 + cos
= RHS
3sin x tan x = 8
sin x
3sin x
=8
cos x
3sin2 x
=8
cos x
3sin2 x = 8 cos x
(ii)
= 109.7 (1d.p.)
2 (i)
BA = a b = ( 3i + 2k ) ( 2i 2j + 5k )
= i + 2j 3k
BC = c b = ( 2j + 7k ) ( 2i 2j + 5k )
4 (i)
(ii)
= 2i + 4j + 2k
1 2
4
BA BC = 2 i
= 1 2 + 2 4 + 3 2
3 2
(ii)
= 5 ( i + 2j + k )
5 (i)
6 (i)
(ii)
BC : AD = 2 : 5
1
The unit vector is
6
(ii)
2
4 =
1
3
2
3
2
3
1
2
4
1
The unit vector is 2 =
6
4
2
3
1
3
2
3
or 2 i + 1 j + 2 k
3 3
3
= 66.6
3 + 2p
2 + p or ( 3 + 2p) i + ( 2 + p) j + ( 4 3p) k
4 3p
(iii) p =
7 (i)
8
14
4
7
PQ = 3i + 6 j 3k
RQ = 3i + 8 j + 3k
(ii) p = 10
(iii) q = 7 or 5
P1
BC = 2i + 4j + 2k = 2 ( i + 2j + k )
3 (i)
(iii) p =
AD = d a = ( 2i + 10 j + 7k ) ( 3i + 2k )
= 5i + 10j + 5k
4 20
2 10
The vector must be 5 AC = 5
=
4 20
Answers
= 0
= 160.5
(ii)
= 63.2
41