STARDELTAconnectionDiagramandWorkingprinciple

Descriptions: A Dual starter connects the motor terminals directly to the power supply
. Hence, the
motor is subjected to the full voltage of the power supply
. Consequently
, high starting current flows
throughthemotor
.
Thistypeofstartingissuitableforsmallmotorsbelow5hp(3.75kW)
.
Reducedvoltage starters are employed with motors above 5 hp. Although Dual motor starters are
availableformotorslessthan150kWon400Vandformotorslessthan1MWon6.6kV
.
Supply reliability and reserve power generation dictates the use of reduced voltage or not toreduce the
starting current of an induction motor the voltage acrossthe motorneedtobe reduced.Thiscanbe done
by 1. Autotransformer starter
,2.Stardeltastarter or3.Resistor starter
.NowadaysVVVFdrive
usedextensivelyforspeedcontrolservesthispurposealso.

Indualstarterthe motorisdirectlyfedfromthe line andinstardelta starterthenmotorisstartedinitially

from star and later during running from delta. This is a
starting

method
that reduces the
starting
c urrent
and starting
torque
.The
Motor
must be
delta
connected during a normal run, inorderto
beabletousethisstarting
method
.
The
receivedstarting

c urrent
isabout30%
ofthestarting
c urrent
duringdirectonlinestartandthe
startingtorqueisreducedtoabout25%
ofthetorqueavailableataD.O.Lstart.

More: Star/Delta starters are probablythe mostcommonreducedvoltage startersinthe 50Hz world

.
(Known as Wye/Delta starters in the 60Hz world). They are used in an attempt to reduce the start
current applied to the motor during start asa meansofreducingthe disturbancesandinterference onthe
electricalsupply.
Component: The Star/Delta starter is manufactured from three contactors, a timer and a thermal
overload. The contactors are smaller than the single contactor used in a Direct on Line starter as they
are controlling winding currents only. The currents through the winding are 13 = 0.58 (58%) of the
current in the line. this connection amounts to approximately30%of the delta values. The
starting
c urrent
isreducedtoonethirdofthedirectstartingcurrent.

Howitworks?
There are two contactors that are close during run, often referred toasthe maincontactorandthe delta
contactor. These are AC3 rated at 58% of the current ratingofthe motor.The thirdcontactoristhe star
contactor and that only carries star current while the motor is connected in star. The current in star is
onethirdofthecurrentindelta,sothiscontactorcanbeAC3ratedatonethirdofthemotorrating.
Inoperation,the
MainContactor(KM3
)
andthe
StarContactor(KM1)
areclosedinitially,andthen
afteraperiodoftime,thestarcontactorisopened,andthenthe
deltacontactor(KM2)
isclosed.The
controlofthecontactorsisbythe
timer(K1T)
builtintothestarter.TheStarandDeltaareelectrically
interlockedandpreferablymechanicallyinterlockedaswell.Ineffect,therearefourstates:
1. OFFState
.AllContactorsareopen
2. StarState
.TheMainandtheStarcontactorsareclosedandthedeltacontactorisopen.Themotoris
connectedinstarandwillproduceonethirdofDOLtorqueatonethirdofDOLcurrent.
3. OpenState
.The
Maincontactor

isclosed
andthe
Delta
and
Star

c ontactorsareopen
.Thereis
voltageononeendofthemotorwindings,buttheotherendisopensonocurrentcanflow.Themotor
hasaspinningrotorandbehaveslikeagenerator.
4. DeltaState
.The
Main
andthe
Deltacontactors
areclosed.The
Starcontactor
isopen.Themotor
isconnectedtofulllinevoltageandfullpowerandtorqueareavailable.
Thistypeofoperationiscalledopentransitionswitchingbecausethereisanopenstatebetweenthestar
stateandthedeltastate.