CLASS XI MATHEMATICS NCERT SOLUTIONS

Sequences & Series

Exercise 9.2
Answers
1.

Odd integers from 1 to 2001 are 1, 3, 5, 7, .., 2001.

Here,
a = 1, d = 3 1 = 2 and an = 2001

an = a + ( n 1) d

2001 = 1 + ( n 1) 2

2001 1 = ( n 1) 2

2000
= ( n 1)
2

n = 1000 + 1 = 1001
n
1001

Now,
Sn = ( a + l )
S1001 =
(1 + 2001)
2
2
1001

S1001 =
2002 = 1002001
2
According to question,
series is
105, 110, 115, 120, , 995
Here
a = 105, d = 110 105 = 5 and an = 995

2.

an = a + ( n 1) d

995 = 105 + ( n 1) 5

995 105 = ( n 1) 5

890
= ( n 1)
5

n = 178 + 1 = 179
n
Sn = ( a + l )
2
179
S179 =
1100 = 98450
2

S179 =

Now,

3.

According to question,

4.

S5 =

1
[S10 S5 ]
4

179
(105 + 995)
2

4S5 = S10 S5

5S5 = S10

5
10
5 {2 2 + ( 5 1) d } = 2 2 + (10 1) d
2
2
25

25 [ 4 + 4d ] = 10 [ 4 + 9d ]
[ 4 + 4d ] = 5 [ 4 + 9d ]
2
100 + 100d = 40 + 90d
10d = 60

d = 6

an = a + ( n 1) d

a20 = 2 114 = 112

Here,

a = 6, d =

Sn =

a20 = 2 + ( 20 1) ( 6 )

25 =

11
11
1
( 6 ) =
+6=
2
2
2

n
2a + ( n 1) d
2

n
1
2 ( 6 ) + ( n 1)

2
2

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n 1

50 = n 12 +
2

24 + n 1
50 = n

100 = n 2 25n

n 2 25n + 100 = 0

n = 20 or n = 5

5.

( n 20 )( n 5) = 0

Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of given A.P.
1
1
And
a p = and aq =
q
p

a + ( p 1) d =

1
q

and

a + ( q 1) d =

1
..(i) and
q
Subtracting eq. (ii) from eq. (i), we get
1 1
a + pd d ( a + qd d ) =
q p

a + pd d =

( p q) d =

pq
pq

Putting value of d in eq. (i), we get

1 1
a + ( p q)
=
pq q

6.

n
2a + ( n 1) d
2

1
p

a + qd d =

1
p

..(ii)

pq
pq

a + pd d a qd + d =

d=

pq
1
1

=
pq
p q pq

a=

1 p 1 p p + 1 1

=
=
q
pq
pq
pq

S pq =

pq
1
1
2
+ ( pq 1)

2
pq
pq

Now,

Sn =

S pq =

pq 2 pq 1
+
pq
2 pq

S pq =

pq 2 + pq 1
pq
2

S pq =

pq 1 + pq pq + 1
=
2 pq
2

S pq =

1
( pq + 1)
2

Here

a = 25, d = 22 25 = 3 and Sn = 116

Sn =

116 =

232 = n [50 3n + 3]

n
2 25 + ( n 1) ( 3 )
2

232 = 53n 3n 2

3n 53n + 232 = 0
2

n
2a + ( n 1) d
2

53 2809 2784

6
53 + 5
53 5

or n =

n=
6
6
58
is not possible. Therefore, n = 8
But n =
6

n=

n=

( 53)

( 53)

4 3 232

23

53 25
53 5
=
6
6
58
48
or
n=
n=
=8
6
6
n=

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7.

Now,

an = a + ( n 1) d

a8 = 25 21 = 4

Given:

ak = 5k + 1

a8 = 25 + ( 8 1) ( 3)

Putting k = 1 and n.
a = 5 1 + 1 = 6 and an = 5n + 1

8.

Given:

n
(a + l )
2
Sn = pn + qn 2
Sn =

n
n
( 6 + 5n + 1) = ( 5n + 7 )
2
2

Sn 1 = p ( n 1) + q ( n 1) = pn p + qn 2 2qn + q
2

Replacing n by n 1,

Sn =

an = Sn Sn 1 = = pn + qn 2 ( pn p + qn 2 2qn + q )
= = pn + qn 2 pn + p qn 2 + 2qn q = p + 2qn q

Again here replacing n by n 1,

9.

an 1 = p + 2q ( n 1) q

an 1 = p + 2qn 2q q = p + 2 qn 3q

d = an an 1

p + 2qn q ( p + 2qn 3q ) = p + 2 qn q p 2 qn + 3q = 2 q

Let a1 , a2 and d1 , d 2 be the first terms and common differences of two A.Ps respectively.

Now,

n
2a1 + ( n 1) d1 5n + 4
2
=
n
2a2 + ( n 1) d 2 9n + 6
2
n 1
a1 +
d1
2 = 5n + 4
9n + 6
n 1
a2 +
d2
2
n 1
to get 18th term,
= 17
2
a1 + 17 d1 5 35 + 4
=
a2 + 17 d 2 9 35 + 6

2a1 + ( n 1) d1

2a2 + ( n 1) d 2

n = 35

a1 + 17 d1 179
=
a2 + 17 d 2 321

5n + 4
9n + 6

Therefore, the ratio of 18th terms of two A.P.s is 179 : 321.

10. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of given A.P.
p
q

S p = 2a + ( p 1) d and Sq = 2a + ( q 1) d
2
2
According to question,
S p = Sq

p
q
2a + ( p 1) d = 2a + ( q 1) d
2
2
2
2ap + p d pd = 2aq + q 2 d qd

2ap 2aq = q 2 d p 2 d + pd qd

2a ( p q ) = ( p 2 q 2 ) + ( p q ) d
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Now

2a ( p q ) = ( p q ) [1 p q ] d

S p+q =

a=

(1 p q ) d
2

p+q
p + q 2 (1 p q ) d
+ ( p + q 1) d =
[ d pd qd + pd + qd d ]

2
2
2

p+q
0 = 0
2
11. Let A be the first term and d be the common difference of given A.P.
p 1
a
p
A+

d=
S p = 2A + ( p 1) d = a
2
2
p

S p+q =

Sq =

q
2A + ( q 1) d = b
2

r
2A + ( r 1) d = c
2
a
b
c
(q r ) + (r p) + ( p q) = 0
p
q
r

Sr =

Now

Putting the values of

.(i)

A+

q 1
b
d=
2
q

.(ii)

A+

r 1
c
d=
2
r

.(iii)

a b
c
, and from eq. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
p q
r

p 1
q 1
r 1

A + 2 d ( q r ) + A + 2 d ( r p ) + A + 2 d ( p q ) = 0
q 1
r 1
p 1
A (q r + r p + p q) + d
(q r ) +
(r p) +
( p q ) = 0
2
2
2

pq pr q + r qr pq r + p pr qr p + q
A (0) + d
+
+
= 0
2
2
2

pq pr q + r + qr pq r + p + pr qr p + q
0+d
= 0
2

0
0+d = 0
2
0+0 = 0

0=0

L.H.S. = R.H.S.
12. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of given A.P.
m
n

Sm = 2a + ( m 1) d and Sn = 2a + ( n 1) d
2
2
m
Sm 2 2a + ( m 1) d m 2
According to question,
=
= 2
n
Sn
n
2a + ( n 1) d
2
2a + ( m 1) d m 2 n 2
2a + ( m 1) d m

= 2

=
2a + ( n 1) d n
2 m
2a + ( n 1) d n

Proved.

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2an + n ( m 1) d = 2am + m ( n 1) d

2an 2am = ( mn m ) d ( mn n ) d

2a ( n m ) = ( mn m mn + n ) d

2a ( n m ) = ( n m ) d

Now,

a + ( m 1) 2a
a (1 + 2m 1) 2m 1
am a + ( m 1) d
=
=
=
=
an a + ( n 1) d
a + ( n 1) 2a
a (1 + 2n 2 ) 2n 1

am : an = ( 2m 1) : ( 2n 1)

13. Given:

d = 2a

Sn = 3n 2 + 5n and am = 164

Replacing n by ( n 1) in Sn , we get

Sn 1 = 3 ( n 1) + 5 ( n 1)
2

Sn 1 = 3 ( n 2 2n + 1) + 5n 5 = 3n 2 6 n + 3 + 5n 5 = 3n 2 n 2

an = Sn Sn 1

an = 3n 2 + 5n 3n 2 + n + 2 = 6n + 2

And

am = 6m + 2

an = 3n 2 + 5n ( 3n 2 n 2 )

6m + 2 = 164
6m = 162
m = 27

14. Let A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 be five numbers between 8 and 26.

8, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 , 26

a = 8 and a7 = 26 and let d be the common difference.
Here,
a7 = a + ( 7 1) d = 26

8 + 6d = 26

6d = 18
A1 = a + d = 8 + 3 = 11
A2 = a + 2d = 8 + 2 3 = 8 + 6 = 14
A3 = a + 3d = 8 + 3 3 = 8 + 9 = 17
A4 = a + 4d = 8 + 4 3 = 8 + 12 = 20
A5 = a + 5d = 8 + 5 3 = 8 + 15 = 23
a+b
15. Since, A.M. between a and b is
.
2
a n + bn
a+b
=

n 1
n 1
a +b
2
n
n
n 1

a + b = ab + a n 1b n

a n 1 ( a b ) = b n 1 ( a b )

d =3

2a n + 2b n = a n + ab n 1 + a n 1b n

a n ab n 1 = a n 1b n b n

a n 1 = b n 1

Now,

n 1

a n1
a
a
=1

=
n 1
b
b
b
n 1 = 0
n =1

16. Let A1, A2, A3, A4, .., Am be m numbers between 1 and 31.
a = 1 and let the common difference be d.
Here,

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am+ 2 = 31

1 + ( m + 1) d = 31

Now,
And

a + ( m + 2 1) d = 31

30
m +1
30 m + 1 + 210 m + 211
A 7 = a + 7d = 1 + 7
=
=
m +1
m +1
m +1
30 m + 1 + 30m 30 31m 29
A m 1 = a + ( m 1) d = 1 + ( m 1)
=
=
m +1
m +1
m +1

According to question,

d=

A7
5
=
A m1 9

m + 211
m + 211 5
m +1 = 5
9m + 1899 = 155m 145

=
31m 29 9
31m 29 9
m +1
146m = 2044
m = 14

st
17. Amount of 1 installment = Rs. 100 and Amount of 2nd installment = Rs. 105

a = 100, d = 105 100 = 5 and n = 30

Now

an = a + ( n 1) d

a30 = 100 + ( 30 1) 5

a30 = 100 + 29 5

a30 = 100 + 145 = Rs. 245

Therefore, the amount of 30th installment is Rs. 245.

18. Let the number of sides of polygon be n. The interior angles of the polygon form an A.P.
a = 120 and d = 5
Here,
Since

Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides is ( n 2 ) 180

Sn = ( n 2 ) 180

5n2 5n
120n +
= 180n 360
2
5n 2 125n + 720 = 0

n
2 120 + ( n 1) 5 = 180n 360
2

240n + 5n 2 5n = 360n 720

( n 16 )( n 9 ) = 0

n = 16 or n = 9

But n = 16 not possible because a16 = a + 15d = 120 + 15 x 5 = 195 > 180
Therefore, number of sides of the polygon are 9.

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