Aisha Siddiqa Azim

ARB 103 :: HOMEWORK 1

Pg 3
1.

( He sat). This is a verb because it has a clear meaning standing on its own,

i.

denotes an action and has a tense (the past tense in this case).
ii.

( and). It is a harf since it doesnt make complete sense on its own and needs

another word to have a sensible meaning.

iii

(girl). It is a noun since it has a clear meaning standing on its own, has no tense

and is the name of a person.

iv. ( he broke). This is a verb because it has a clear meaning standing on its own,
denotes an action and has a tense (again the past tense).
Pg 5
1.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

(the house) or
(to open).

(the paper) or

( a paper).

(the act or faculty of listening) or

Pg 7
1.

(a house).

(i) The teacher is present.

(He listened).

(ii) The garden is beautiful.

(iii) Muhammad opened the door.

(iv) The school is big (and)

beautiful.

(v) The man stood.

(vi) The man stood.

2. Difference: (v) is a verbal sentence while

(vi) is a nominal sentence.

Pg 12

Q1) (i) The car of the man.

(ii) Fourteen.

(iii) The door of the class of the

school.

(iv) The pen

of the
tall man.

(v) The beautiful rose.

(vi) The cheap pen.

(vii) Madikarb (last name of a

person).

(viii) That is the book.

Q2
(i)

Difference between:

The phrase on the left is an adjectival clause (murakkab tawseefi) which means an
intelligent boy. But the phrase on the left is a possessive clause (murakkab idhaafi) and means
the boy of intelligence, or it could mean the boy of a person whose name is Aaqil.
(ii)
Here, on the left is a complete sentence saying this is an apple. On the right is a phrase, a
demonstrative clause saying this apple and it requires a predicate (khabr) to complete the
sentence.
(iii)

In both phrases we have an adjective and possessive clause (murakkab idhaafi), which is the
window of the car. But on the left we have the sifat alkabeeratu referring to the window. So
this clause has an adjective being applied to the mudaaf (the car), and it means the big
window of the car, where alkabeerah is the sifat (adjective) of the window. On the other
hand, on right side we have the sifat alkabeeratu referring to the car. We can make this
differentiation because of the Irab of the sifat (alkabeeratu)
(iv)
Here, we have a complete nominal sentence on the left, saying The dress is clean.
On the right we have an adjectival clause, which means the clean dress. We can deduce this
because in an adjectival clause, both the sifat and mawsuf must have the same definiteness,
whereas in a nominal sentence, the subject (mubtada) is definite while the predicate (khabr) is
indefinite.

Q3
(i)

Tanween cannot be used on a word that is prefixed with the definite particle al.
Correction:

(ii)

In an adjectival clause, the sifat should be the same as the mawsuf in definiteness,
gender and also in number. Therefore if rajul is dual, then so should the sifat
Taweel be. So the corrected clause is: The two tall men

(iii)

This is a murakkab idhaafi, and a mudaaf should never be prefixed with AL.

(iv)

This is a murakkab 3adadi, a clause denoting numbers, between 11 to 19. But it

has been diacritized as if it were a murakkab idhaafi. In a number clause, both
words have to be mansoob.

Q4
Translation: The chapter of the virtue of the standing during the Night of Power.

Above is word-to-word literal translation. Otherwise we could say: The chapter on the virtues of
standing in prayer during the Night of Power (in Ramadan).

Pg 13

i)

The pen is in the class.

ii)

The ox tills the earth.