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Anesthesia is sometimes divided into stages and some of the stages are further
divided into planes.
Stage 2 anesthesia is the period after loss of conciousness. In this stage there is
sometimes uncontrolled movement, delirium, breath holding, irregular respiration,
whining or howling and dilation of the pupils. This stage can be worrisome and most
anesthetic protocols seek to keep this period as short as possible without
endangering the patient.
Stage 3 anesthesia is the level at which surgery can be performed. The transition
from Stage 2 to Stage three is usually denoted by the return of regular respiration,
constriction of the pupils and the stopping of involuntary motion or vocalization by
the patient. Stage 3 anesthesia is divided into four planes:
In Plane 1 Stage 3 anesthesia the patient still has blink reflexes and swallowing
reflexes but has regular respiration with good chest motion. This stage would be
considered "light" for surgical anesthesia.
In Plane 2 Stage 3 anesthesia the patient loses the blink reflexes, the pupils become
fixed in one position (usually central) and respiration is still regular with good use of
the chest muscles and diaphragm. This is the plane at which most veterinarians are
comfortable performing surgery.
In Plane 3 Stage 3 anesthesia, the patient starts to lose the ability to use the chest
muscles and abdominal muscles for respiratory efforts, so breathing becomes
shallow and assisted ventilation is best when the patient must be maintained at or
near this level in order to allow control of pain in surgeries that are unusually
painful (such as extensive abdominal exploratories).
In Plane 4 Stage 3 anesthesia, the patient does not use the chest muscles and
abdominal muscles at all, which means that all respiratory effort is produced by the
diaphragm. This plane of anesthesia is very close to the point where the patient will
stop breathing entirely and it should be avoided.