When analyzing motion in a straight line with constant acceleration you can use Y

the following: o
u
n
g'
vector notation is necessary when you are not analyzing motion in a straight line.
s
Newton's First Law of Motion:
m
o
Every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion unless made to d
change by a non-zero net force. This law is also known as the Law of Inertia. The ul
inertia of an object is its tendency to resist changes to motion. Newton's Second u
Law of Motion: The rate of change in momentum is directly proportional to the s
magnitude of the net force and is in the direction of the net force. This can be (
Mat G
eria P
l a)
expressed algebraically as: Newton's Third Law of Motion:
Whenever an object applies a force (an action) to a second object, the second Poly 7
object applies an equal and opposite force (a reaction) to the first object. eth
pertinent to Newton’s second law: ylen
e
(hig
h
mol
ecul
ar
wei
ght)

Wo 1
od 4
Newton's second law can be written: if the net force acting on a system is zero, Con 1
the total momentum of the system does not change. This statement is an cret 8
expression of the Law of Conservation of Momentum. It is also expressed as: if e
there are no external forces acting on a system, the total momentum of the
system remains constant. Alu 7
min 0
um

Gla 1
ss 0
0

Cop 1
per 1
0

Ste 2
el 1
0

Car 4
bon 1
fibr 0
e

Dia 1
mo 2
nd 0
restoring force exerted by the spring was 0
directly proportional to its displacement.
The force is called a restoring force
because it acts in a direction that would
restore the spring to its natural length. In
vector notation, Hooke's Law states: F =
−kx where f = restoring force,
x=displacement of end of spring from its natural position and k = spring constant
also known as force constant.

An elastic collision is one in which the total kinetic energy after the collision is the
same as it was before the collision

left is a graph of force versus deformation for an object involved in an elastic

collision. Right is a graph of force versus separation for an electron approaching
another electron
S x t = x and F=mv/t Wait: convert units first before analysing X=vt-(1/2)at^2 If algebraic analysis of motion doesn’t work refer to your energy equations The
The graph below illustrates that even though the total kinetic energy and total
energy equation must fit the circumstance not just happen to fit Impulse is mass times change in velocity or change in velocity times mass Impulse : delta p Energy
strain potential energy change during an elastic collision, the sum of the kinetic
= power x time P=mgh/t=EIt Strain: change in length/original height P=Fv Stress=F/cross sectioned areaP is in W (watts) Car crash Work=force x distance IF the
energy and strain potential energy is constant.
force is constant I=f delta t The voltage gain was the magnitude of the amplifier linear section gradient, gain has no unit – find the absolute value of the answer
Elastic collisions relate to energy and momentum. Both have to be conserved Elastic potential energy stored = strain potential energy Energy is distinctly in a
plane, if something falls rolls along a flat plane, his speed is irrelevant if he falls off a cliff then E=0.5Fx (area under force compression graph)Toughness: area
under curve Strain energy: area under curve and is per unit of volume Brittle: less plastic deformation Ductile: lots of deformation before breaking Stiff: steep
gradient , more stress needed before strain Strength: length before yielding in the graph of a springs (N) vs (cm) the greatest area under the graph at an extension
Kirchoff's first law) The sum of the electric currents that meet at any point in a
circuit is zero. Kirchoff's second law) In any closed loop of a circuit, the sum of
the voltage drops must equal the sum of the emfs in that loop

A block or a triangle is the circuit symbol for an amplifier.

LED:
gravitational field strength is 10N/kg regardless of height remember to square
the r (radius) when working out gravitational field strength formula change in
gravitations potential energy is are under a force-height graph

Thermistor symbol: Diode:

LDR symbol: Photodiode: phototransistor:

When answering questions of amplifier characteristics (based on a graph) you

may be required to mention that you are ‘assuming its in the linear range’
 The amount of energy (u)
transformed in a circuit or
circuit element is given by
U=QV or U=VIt Power (P_ is
the rate of transforming
energy in a circuit or circuit
element P=v^2 /r Hanging

the emf of a source of

charge is the amount
of energy transformed
in the circuit for every
coulomb of charge
passing though the

Change in p = ft, so
more time = less force
when change in p is set
Assign directions first
q) what happens to
vert momentum of a
falling ball as hits
ground a) upward net
force when strikes
ground vertical
momentum is
decreased to zero total
momentum of earth-
ball system no change
assume ball falling to
ground is an isolated
system don’t forget to
multiply things by 2 to
get full flight times

Steel typically has a Young's modulus of approximately 2 ×10-5 MPa. Steel

responds instantaneously to stresses less than its yield stress, which, for the
steel often used in construction, is typically 230–250 MPa. The red border
pictures are also structures related. the gradient of a line is irrelevant to that
springs strain energy! Look at area under if (backwards symbol of 3) is in %, then
first convert t to decimals (/100) your ‘mass’ is a measured on a weighing scale
graphs will not always be in SI units do not take them at face value (esp
compression-length) graphs high gradient spring is stiffer if open ended, answer
theory questions both quantitatively as well as qualitatively when determining
the direction of a force you have 12 sides there is only one relevant angle that is
correct- careful!!If you ever end up with dodgy quadratic equations, you have
used wrong equation/wrong components