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INTRODUCTION
In gas production operations, it is sometimes necessary for the pressure of the gas
to be raised to a higher value. Some of these reasons are shown below:
1. To supplement the reservoir energy (as the gas reservoir depletes) so as to
overcome all the pressure losses in the system and the pressure of the line into
which the gas is being delivered.
2. To overcome the losses incurred in the long distance transportation of natural gas
through transmission lines.
3. For re-injection of gas for pressure maintenance, gas cycling or gas lifting 4. For
injection of gas into storage fields.
TYPES OF COMPRESSORS
To achieve this step change in the pressure of the gas, a compressor is used.
Compressors can be classified into two main types:
1. Positive-displacement, or intermittent flow units and
2. Continuous flow units.
Continuous flow units are those in which a rapidly rotating element accelerates the
gas as it passes through the element, converting the velocity head into pressure.
Centrifugal compressors are continuous flow units in which one or more rotating
impellers, usually shrouded on the sides, accelerate the gas.
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
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scf
day
x 0.131
ft 3
scf
day
1440 min
= 4548.61
ft
min
ft
With an inlet capacity of 4548.61 min
72%
p1 V 1k =p 2 V 2k
Dynamic units generally are designed based on the polytropic cycle where the pV
relationship is:
n
p1 V 1 =p 2 V 2
; Where n k
The quantity (n-1)/n is frequently needed as can be obtained from the equation
below
n1 k 1
=
n
k p
Therefore:
1.281
1.28 (0.72)
= 0.304
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p2
p1
400
100
=4
Discharge Temperature,
T 2 =T 1 r (n1)/n =
0.304
540 (4 )
= 822.96 oR
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0.988+ 0.991
2
= 0.99
Polytropic Head, Hp =
r
((n1)/n)1
R T 1 n z
M (n1)
540
()(0.99)
4
( 0.304)1
1545
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ftlb
lb m
= 81,911.26
= 1591.91
lbm
min
w Hp
33,000 p
1591.91( 81,911.26)
(33,000)(0.72)
= 5490.02 Hp
APPENDIX
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References:
(Beggs, 1984)
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