RCP Pipe Manual PDF

REINFORCEDCONCRETEPIPE
REINFORCED
CONCRETE PIPE
PREINSTALLATION
INSPECTION & REPAIR
INSPECTION&REPAIR
MANUAL
KentuckyTransportationCabinet
Kentucky
Transportation Cabinet
KentuckyDepartmentofHighways
DivisionofMaterials
1227WilkinsonBoulevard
Frankfort,KY40601
(
(502)5643160
)
January2014
KentuckyTransportationCabinet
DisclaimerStatement
The information and photographs provided herein are intended to be
used as a guideline for the inspection and repair of reinforced concrete
pipe prior to installation. This manual is NOT a substitute for current
specifications special notes,
specifications,
notes or other official documents contained in
contract proposals or scopes of work. This manual may be modified at
any time by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet to accommodate
changes in policy, procedure, or specification. Questions regarding this
manual can be directed to the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division
of Materials, Concrete and Physical Properties Section at (502) 5643160.
TableofContents
I. Standards&Specifications
II. Acceptance&RepairGuidelines
p
p
III. Workmanship
IV. Consolidation
V SurfaceTears
V.
Surface Tears
VI. BellandSpigot
VII. Cracks
VIII. ExposedSteelandInsufficientCover
d
l d
ff
IX. MaterialHandling
X. RepairExamples
I.Standards&Specifications
KentuckyTransportationCabinetDepartmentofHighwaysStandard
SpecificationsforRoadandBridgeConstruction detailsspecificationsfor
reinforcedconcretepipe
Section701 CulvertPipe,EntrancePipe,StormSewerPipe,and
p
p
p
Equivalents
Section810 PipeandPipeArches
Sections701and810refertoseveralindividualAASHTOspecifications
M170:StandardSpecificationforReinforcedConcreteCulvert,Storm
Drain,andSewerPipe(ASTMC76)
M206: Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert

M206:StandardSpecificationforReinforcedConcreteArchCulvert,
StormDrain,andSewerPipe(ASTMC506withdifferences)
M207:StandardSpecificationforReinforcedConcreteEllipticalCulvert,
M242:StandardSpecificationforReinforcedConcreteDLoadCulvert,
Kentucky Method 64115:
KentuckyMethod64
115:ApprovalProcessforProducersofCulvertPipe
Approval Process for Producers of Culvert Pipe
detailstheapprovalprocessforproducersofculvertpipe.
The ListofApprovedMaterials (LAM)liststheapprovedConcretePipe
Producers.
Thestandardspecifications,KM64115andtheLAMareallavailableatour
website:http://transportation.ky.gov/materials/Pages/default.aspx
ThefollowingrepresentationsandpicturesinSectionsIIIthroughXwill
usethefollowingcategories:
ACCEPT Green
REPAIR(1) Orange
REJECT(2) Red
QUESTIONABLE:ENGINEERSDECISION Blue
(1)
(2)
Ifthecontractor/producer electsnottorepairthepipethenthe
pipewillberejected.
Pipe that is rejected will not be used on a KYTC project
PipethatisrejectedwillnotbeusedonaKYTCproject.
II.Acceptance&RepairGuidelines
Scope
Reinforcedconcretepipeproductionisanimperfectoperationandoccasionallypipe
comes from the mold in need of repair or outright rejection Pipes are often damaged
comesfromthemoldinneedofrepairoroutrightrejection.Pipesareoftendamaged
duringhandlingpriortoandduringtheinstallationprocess.Thisdocumentprovides
guidancefortherepairofreinforcedconcretepipeatthemanufacturingfacilityand
attheprojectsite.Thismanualprovidesguidancetodeterminewhethertorepairor
rejectreinforcedconcretepipe.Repairswillbeacceptableif,intheopinionofthe
Engineer,therepairsaresound,properlyfinishedandcuredandtherepairedpipe
conformstotherequirementsofthisdocument.Structuralrepairmustbecompleted
bytheproducerusingmaterialsandmethodsapprovedbytheDivisionofMaterials.
Piperepairsthatonlyrequirecosmeticrepairproceduresmaybecompletedbythe
contractorortheproducerunlessotherwisestated.
ProducersarerequiredtosubmitaplantQualityControlplanandconcretemix
design(s)totheDivisionforreviewandapprovalasperKM64115.
ProducersmustappearontheListofApprovedMaterials.
General
Anyrepairsrequiredbeyondthescopeofthisdocumentmaybesubmittedtothe
Director of the Division of Materials for evaluation on a case by case basis Such
DirectoroftheDivisionofMaterialsforevaluationonacasebycasebasis.Such
repairproposalsshouldincludeaphotographorsketchoftheaffectedareaanda
detailedrepairproposal.
TheQCinspectormustdocumentadditionalinformationintheplantbookwhena
pipeisrejected.Thedateofmanufacture,lotnumber,size,quantityandreasonfor
rejectionmustbeincluded.Rejectedpipeorpiperequiringrepairshouldbeclearly
markedinalocationtopreventthedefectivepipefrommistakenlybeingshipped or
installed.
Repairstopipeshouldbeproperlyfinished,cured,andsound.Structuralrepairsto
extraprotectionpipe(Section810.03.05)mustbewitnessedbytheDepartment
inspector.
Definitions
Definitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcretepipe,seeAASHTOM262.
AASHTO
AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportation
Officials
LAM
ListofApprovedMaterials
KM
KentuckyMethod
RCP
Precastreinforcedconcretepipe
Division
DivisionofMaterials
Engineer
Responsible DepartmentEngineer
Pipe
IndividualjointorsectionofRCP
Producer
ManufacturerincludedontheLAM
Spall
Damage tohardenedconcrete
StructuralRepair
Depths0.5inchandgreater,reinforcementsteelis
exposed.
CosmeticRepair
Depthrangeupto0.5inch,reinforcingsteelisnotexposed.
Acceptance
KentuckyDepartmentofHighwaysStandardSpecificationsforRoadandBridge
p
pp
Construction detailsspecificationsforreinforcedconcretepipeinSection701
CulvertPipe,EntrancePipe,StormSewerPipe,andEquivalents,andinSection810
PipeandPipeArches.ThesetwosectionsrefertoseveralindividualAASHTO
standards,includingM170(ASTMC76),M206(ASTMC506),M207(ASTMC507)and
M242(ASTMC655).KM64115detailstheapprovalprocessforproducersofculvert
pipe.CoverHeightStandardDrawingsarenumberedRDI001throughRDI012.The
LAMliststheapprovedproducersofconcretepipe.
Thestandardspecifications,KM61115andtheLAMareallavailableatourwebsite:
http://transportation.ky.gov/materials/Pages/default.aspx .
Departmentguidancetotheabovespecificationsareincludedinthisdocument.
OtherguidanceordirectionmaybeprovidedbytheEngineerandcommunicatedto
theProducerandContractoronanindividualbasis.
Rejection
Pipeshallbesubjecttorejectionifitfailstoconformtoanyofthespecification
requirements.Pipemayberejectedbecauseofanyofthefollowing:
Fracturesorcrackspassingthroughthewall,exceptforasingleendcrackthat
doesnotexceedthedepthofthejoint.
Defectsthatindicateproblemswithproportioning,mixing,andmolding,or
surfacedefectsindicatinghoneycombedoropentexturethatwouldadversely
affectthefunctionofthepipeorlongtermintegrityofthepipe.
Damagedorcrackedends,wheresuchdamageextendsintothegasketsurface
arealeadingtoaquestionablejointseal.Endcracksgreaterthan0.01inchin
widthatanypointinthegasketsurfaceareawillbeacauseforrejection.
Anycontinuouscrackhavinganunloadedsurfacewidthof0.01inchormoreand
extendingforalengthof12inchesormore,regardlessofpositioninthewallof
thepipe.Anycontinuouscrackhavinganunloadedsurfacewidthlessthan0.01
h i A
i
kh i
l d d f
id h l
h 0 01
inchmaybeacceptedatthediscretionoftheEngineer.Verifythe0.01inchcrack
limitwithafeelergaugeconformingtotherequirementsofAASHTOT280.
StructuralRepairProcedures(ByProducerOnly)
Areastoberepairedmustbeclean,soundandfreeofcontaminants.
Makeaverticalsurfacealongtheperimeterofthedamagedarea.
Removeconcreteforaminimumof1inchbehindallexposedreinforcement
whereatleast2inchesofcontinuallyexposedreinforcementisvisible.
Provideanaggregatefracturedsurface.
Cleantherepairsurface.
Applyanapprovedbondingagentunlessthemanufacturersinstructions
expresslystatethatabondingagentisnotrequired.Filltheareawithan
approvedrepairmaterialinaccordancewiththeManufacturers
recommendations.
recommendations
Curetherepairedareaeitherinaccordancewiththemanufacturers
recommendations,or,inaccordancewiththeapprovedqualitycontrolplanfora
minimumof24hours.
Evaluatetherepairedareabyapplyingamoderateblowwitha16ounce
hammeratseverallocationswithintherepairedarea.
Therepairedareashouldcloselymatchboththetextureandintegrityofthe
undamagedadjacentconcretesurfaces.
CosmeticRepairProcedures(ByProducerorContractor)
Areastoberepairedmustbeclean,soundandfreeofcontaminants.
Provideanaggregatefracturedsurface.
SaturatetherepairsurfacewithcleanwatertoprovideaSSDconditionwhen
applicable.
Filltheareawithathoroughlymixedapprovedrepairmaterialinaccordance
withthemanufacturersrecommendations,oramortarmix.
Curetherepairedareainaccordancewiththemanufacturersrecommendations
foraminimumof24hours.
Evaluatetherepairedareabyapplyingamoderateblowwitha16ounce
hammer at several locations of the repaired area
hammeratseverallocationsoftherepairedarea.
Therepairedareashouldcloselymatchboththetextureandintegrityofthe
undamagedadjacentconcretesurfaces.
EndSpallsandDamage
Spalls/chips/damageonthebellorspigot,whichdonotaffectthegasket
surface shall not be cause for rejection provided the circumferential length of a
surface,shallnotbecauseforrejection,providedthecircumferentiallengthofa
singlespallonthepipeendisnotmorethantheinsidediameterorthe
circumferentiallengthofmultiplesspallscombineddoesnotexceedofthe
insidepipediameter,andreinforcingsteelisnotexposed.
Ifthespall(s)meetthecriteriaabovebutthesurfaceofthecircumferential
reinforcingsteelisexposedthenthepipemayberepairedinthefieldbyothers
underthesupervisionoftheEngineer.Theareamustbecleanandsound.
Asphaltmasticistobeappliedtothedamagedareawithsufficientcoverageto
protectthereinforcingsteel.
Ifthegasketcontactsurfaceisdamaged,thecircumferentiallengthofasingle
spallmaynotexceedtheinsidediameterorthetotalcircumferentiallengthof
multiple spalls combined may not exceed of the inside pipe diameter. If
multiplespallscombinedmaynotexceedoftheinsidepipediameter.
If
reinforcingsteelisnotexposedthenthepipemayberepairedinaccordance
withthecosmeticrepair procedures.Ifthereinforcingsteelisexposedthenthe
pipemayberepairedinaccordancewiththestructuralrepair procedures.
Pipeswithendspallsthatdonotmeetthecriteriaabovearetoberejected.
10
Spalls,otherthanEndSpalls
Repairstotheinnerandouterbarrelwillbepermittedasfollows:
Aspalledareathatdoesnot revealthereinforcingsteelmayberepairedin
accordancewithcosmeticrepair procedures.Aspalledareathatdoes revealthe
reinforcingsteelmayberepairedinaccordancewiththestructuralrepair
procedures.Thespalledareamaynotexceedthesurfacearealimitsinthetable
below.Ifmorethanonespallispresentthenthetotalsurfaceareaofthespalls
combinedmaynotexceedthesurfaceareaslimitsinthetablebelow.
Spallingtothebarrelwhichexceedstheselimitsmayberejected.Acceptance
withrepairwillonlybepermittedbasedonacasebycaseevaluationbythe
Engineer.
TotalSurfaceArea
Limits
(square inches)
(squareinches)
PipeID Structural Cosmetic
(inches) Repair
Repair
15
45
90
18
54
109
24
72
145
30
90
181
36
109
217
42
127
253
48
145
289
54
163
326
60
181
362
66
199
398
72
217
434
78
235
470
TotalSurfaceArea
Limits
(square inches)
(squareinches)
PipeID Structural Cosmetic
(inches)
Repair
Repair
84
253
506
90
271
543
96
289
579
102
307
615
108
326
651
114
344
687
120
362
723
126
380
760
132
398
796
138
416
832
144
434
868
11
SpallsAroundLiftHoles
Minorspallslessthan2inchesfromtheedgeoftheliftholemayberepairedin
accordance with cosmetic repair procedures.Theaggregatefracturedsurface
accordancewithcosmeticrepair
procedures The aggregate fractured surface
neednotbeobtained.Reinforcingsteelmaybevisiblepriortocompletingthe
repair.
Minorspallsdevelopedattheliftholeduringinstallationmayberepairedatthe
sametimetheliftholeisplugged.Repairsaretobemadebyothersunderthe
supervisionoftheEngineerusingrepairmaterialsfromtheLAM.
Majorspallsgreaterthan2inchesontheouterbarrelaroundtheliftholewhich
donotexposethereinforcementmayberepairedinaccordancewiththe
cosmeticrepair procedures.
Majorspallsgreaterthan2inchesontheouterbarrelaroundtheliftholewhich
reveal the reinforcement must be repaired in accordance with the structural
revealthereinforcementmustberepairedinaccordancewiththestructural
repair procedures.MajorspallsmustberepairedbytheProducerusingrepair
materialsfromtheLAM.
12
Cracks:ThroughWallCracks
Rejectpipesectionsexhibitingathroughwallcrack,exceptasingleendcrack
p
j
p
j
y
thatdoesnotexceedthedepthofthejoint.Pipesectionsrejectedforcracksmay
notberepaired.
C k N
Cracks:NonthroughWallCracks
h
h W ll C k
Anypipes whichexhibitnonthroughwallcrack(s)havingasurfacewidthless
than0.01inchwillbeaccepted.Pipesexhibitingnonthroughwallcracksgreater
thanorequalto0.01inchinwidthand12inchesormoreinlengthwillbe
rejected.Pipesectionsrejectedforcracksmaynotberepaired.
13
ManufacturingDefects
Honeycombing,consolidation,andothermixturedefects:
Pipeexhibitinghoneycombingormixturedefectsthatdonot exposethe
reinforcingsteelmayberepairedusingthecosmeticrepair procedures.
Pipeexhibitinghoneycombingormixturedefectsthatdo exposethereinforcing
steelmayberepairedusingthestructuralrepair procedures.
Themaximumunconsolidatedareaallowedtoberepairedmaynotexpose
reinforcingsteelorexceedthesurfacearealimitsinthetablebelow.
Pipeswithdefectswhichexceedstheselimitsmayberejected.Acceptancewith
repairwillonlybepermittedbasedonacasebycaseevaluationbytheEngineer.
TotalSurfaceArea
Total
Surface Area
Limits
(squareinches)
PipeID
(inches)
15
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
78
CosmeticRepair
90
109
145
181
217
253
289
326
362
398
434
470
TotalSurfaceArea
Total
Surface Area
Limits
(squareinches)
PipeID
(inches)
84
90
96
102
108
114
120
126
132
138
144
CosmeticRepair
506
543
579
615
651
687
723
760
796
832
868
14
BugHoles:
Verysmallsurfacevoidsarenormallyconsideredacosmeticdefectthatdoesnot
requirerepairexceptunderthefollowingcircumstances:
Largesurfacevoidsover0.5inchindiameterorclustersofbugholes
coveringanarealargerthan100inandreinforcingsteelisnotexposed
arerequiredtoberepairedusingthecosmeticrepair procedures.
Allbugholesthatexposereinforcingsteelmayaffecttheperformanceof
thepipeandmustberepairedusingthestructuralrepair procedures.
RepairsaretobemadebytheProducerusingrepairmaterialsfromtheLAM.
Plastic Tear
Plastic
Tear Cracks:
Cracks:
Occasionally,concretepipedevelopstearcracksattheirsurfaceduringinitial
manufacturing/handling,priortocuring,whentensilestressesexceedtheconcrete
strength.Thesecracksarepredominantlylocatedalongtheshoulderofthespigot
jointwherethepipetransitionstofullwalldepth,althoughminorcrackinglocatedon
theouterbarrelorthepipeendmayoccurlessfrequently.
Theconcernisthatthecrackexposesthereinforcingsteeland/orthebond
betweentheconcreteandthereinforcingsteelmaybecompromisedtoanextent
whichisnotvisible.
Shoulderorouterbarreltearcracksthroughthepipewallshallbecausefor
rejection and are not repairable.
rejectionandarenotrepairable.
Forallothertearcracks,acceptancewillbetheEngineersdecisionbasedonthe
extentofthetearcrack.
Shouldertearcracksorouterbarreltearcrackseligibleforrepairmustberepaired
byvgroovingalongthelengthofthecrack.Completetherepairfollowingthe
structuralrepair
l
i procedures.
d
TherepairoftearcracksmustbemadebytheProducerusingrepairmaterials
fromtheLAM.
15
ExposedCircumferentialSteelonPipeEnd:
A0.25inchminimumcoverisrequiredforcircumferentialreinforcementonpipe
ends.Occasionallythesurfaceofthecircumferentialsteelisexposedonthepipe
ends.Thishappensduetomanufacturingerror.Theexposedsteelmustbeprotected.
Ifthelengthofexposedsteelislessthan12inchesitmayberepairedinthefieldby
othersunderthesupervisionoftheEngineer.Theareamustbecleanandsound.
Asphaltmasticistobeappliedtothedamagedareawithsufficientcoverageto
protectthereinforcingsteel.Iftheexposurelengthisgreaterthan12inchesthepipe
shallberejected.
ExposedEndTips:
Thepresenceofexposedlongitudinalendtipsofthereinforcingcageatthepipe
ends or spacers on the pipe wall shall not be cause for rejection. If there are small air
endsorspacersonthepipewallshallnotbecauseforrejection.Iftherearesmallair
gapsaroundthisvisiblesteel,asphaltmasticcanbeappliedtoprotectthesteelorthe
airgapscanberepairedfollowingthecosmeticrepairprocedures.Anaggregate
fracturedsurfaceisnotrequired.
CageShadow:
SSomemanufacturingprocessesmayrevealthereinforcingcageeventhoughthe
f t i
l th
i f i
th
h th
sectionhassufficientcover.Iftheinspectorisconcernedaboutinsufficientcover,the
Producershallberesponsibleforprovingthecoverdepthbyusingapachometer,
coringthepipe,oranotherEngineerapprovedmethod.Ifinsufficientcoverdoesexist
thanthepipeshallberejected.
16
III.Workmanship
Equivalentto
AASHTOM170
ProductMarking
Markingsshouldbelegibleandprovidedbyindentation
(scribing)orotherapprovedmeans
Dateofmanufacture
Nameofproducerandplantidentification
Pipesizeandpipeclass
Specificationdesignation
ACCEPT
17
III.Workmanship
LiftHole
LiftholewasNOTformed,machinecast,ordrilled
REJECT
18
III.Workmanship
LiftHole
Liftholewasdrilled
ACCEPT
19
III.Workmanship
Workmanship(formwork)
Poorworkmanshipleavingexposedsteel
Repairmayonlybemadebytheproducerusingapproved
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
20
III.Workmanship
Workmanship
Poorworkmanshipleavingexposedsteel
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
21
IV.Consolidation
Consolidation
Questionableareasofconsolidation
SurfacearealimitationsareprovidedinRepairGuidelines
(SectionII)
Engineersdecisiontoacceptorreject
QUESTIONABLE:ENGINEERSDECISION
22
IV.Consolidation
Consolidation
Unacceptableconsolidationandqualitycontrol
NOT repairable
REJECT
23
IV.Consolidation
Consolidation
Questionableconsolidationandqualitycontrol
(SectionII)
Donotallowmultiplesticksofthese
materialsifdeemednecessary
24
IV.Consolidation
Consolidation
Questionableconsolidationandqualitycontrol
(SectionII)
25
IV.Consolidation
Consolidation
NOT repairable
REJECT
26
IV.Consolidation
BugHole
SeeRepairGuidelines(SectionII)
REPAIR(Cosmetic)
27
V.SurfaceTears
SurfaceTear
Surfacetearsarenonloadinduceddefectsinthepipe
TheexampleaboveisconsideredACCEPTABLE
28
V.SurfaceTears
SurfaceTear
Reinforcingsteelmaybeexposed
Extentofdamagemaynotbeentirelyvisible
Engineersdecisiontoacceptorrejectbasedondepthof
tear
29
V.SurfaceTears
SurfaceTear
Surfacetear
Concretemayhavedelaminatedfromreinforcingsteel
REJECT
30
V.SurfaceTears
SurfaceTear
tear
31
V.SurfaceTears
EndTear
Potentiallyexposesreinforcingsteelandweakensthebell
Crackdoesnotgoallthewaythroughpipewallorinterfere
withgasketsurface
tear
32
V.SurfaceTears
EndTear
Multipleendtears
Potentiallyexposesreinforcingsteelandweakensthebell
Thisteargoesallthewaythroughthewallbutdoesnot
interferewiththegasketsurface
tear
33
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Spigotdamageduetoroughhandling
Damagelengthislessthanoftheinsidediameter
Thegasketcontactsurfaceisdamagedandmustbe
repaired
Reinforcementsteelisexposed
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
34
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Spigotdamageduetoroughhandling
repaired
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
35
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Belldamageduetoroughhandling
Damagelengthislessthanofthediameter
repaired
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
36
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Damagelengthofcombinedareasisgreaterthanofthe
diameter
Thegasketcontactsurfaceisdamaged
REJECT
37
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Gasketcontactsurfaceisnotdamaged
Damagelengthofsingleareaisgreaterthanofthe
diameter
Steelexposureisgreaterthan12inches
REJECT
38
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Steelexposureislessthan12inches
Surfaceareamustbecleanandsoundbeforerepair
RepairablebyothersundersupervisionofEngineer
Repairinthefieldusingapprovedmaterials
REPAIR(Cosmetic)
39
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
repaired
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
40
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
repaired
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
41
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
repaired
materials
REPAIR(Structural)
42
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Crackinggoesintothegasketcontactsurfaceandthebellis
weakenedtoanunknownextent
materials
43
VI.BellandSpigot
EndDamage
Crackinggoesintothegasketcontactsurfaceandthebellis
weakenedtoanunknownextent
materials
44
VII.Cracks
Crack
Acrackpassingthroughthewall(visibleonbothinterior
andexteriorsurfaces)iscauseforREJECTION andisNOT
REPAIRABLE.
Anycontinuouscrackhavingasurfacewidthof0.01or
moreandextendingforalengthof12ormore,regardless
ofpositioninthewallofthepipeiscauseforREJECTION
andisNOTREPAIRABLE.
ThispipeisACCEPTABLE.
45
VII.Cracks
MultipleCracks
Oftenpipeistoosmalltodetermineifcrackingpasses
throughthewall(visibleonbothinteriorandexterior
surfaces)
Crackwidthsarelessthan0.01inches
ThispipeistobeREJECTED
46
VII.Cracks
SpigotCrack
Crackextendsallthewaythroughandtheentiredepthof
thejoint
NOT repairable
REJECT
47
VII.Cracks
SpigotCrack
Crackgoestheentiredepthofthespigot
Crackisnotvisibleontheinteriorofthepipe
Crackwidthdoesnotexceed0.01inch
ThispipeisconsideredACCEPTABLE
48
VIII.ExposedSteelandInsufficient
Cover
ExposedSteel
Innocaseshallthecoveroverthecircumferential
reinforcementbelessthan0.5inchesasmeasuredtoany
surfaceotherthanthepipeends
NOT repairable
REJECT
49
Cover
ExposedSteel
surfaceotherthanthepipeends
NOT repairable
REJECT
50
Cover
ExposedSteel
A0.25inchminimumcoverisrequiredforcircumferential
reinforcementonpipeendsbutthisoccasionallyhappens
duetomanufacturingerror.
Exposurelengthislessthan12inches
REPAIR(ApplyMastic)
51
Cover
ExposedSteel
REPAIR(ApplyMastic)
52
Cover
ExposedSteel
REPAIR(ApplyMastic)
53
Cover
InsufficientCover
surfaceotherthanthepipeends(Pipeendsrequirea
minimum0.25inchesofcover)
Shownistheendofthelongitudinal reinforcement
Thesameminimumcoverofthelongitudinalreinforcement
isrequiredandKYTCconsidersitessential.
Thebarendisnottheproblem.Itsappearanceindicatesa
lackofcoverwhichisUNACCEPTABLE.
REJECT
54
Cover
InsufficientCover
surfaceotherthanthepipeends(Pipeendsrequirea
minimum0.25inchesofcover)
Shownistheendofthelongitudinal reinforcement
Thesameminimumcoverofthelongitudinalreinforcement
isrequiredandKYTCconsidersitessential.
Thebarendisnottheproblem.Itsappearanceindicatesa
lackofcoverwhichisUNACCEPTABLE.
REJECT
55
Cover
InsufficientCover
Cageshadow
MAY beanindicatorthereisinsufficientcoverover
reinforcingsteel
Maybenecessarytoutilizedestructiveornondestructive
testingtoevaluatecover
Thispipewasforensicallyevaluatedandwasconsidered
ACCEPTABLE
56
IX.MaterialHandling
MaterialHandling
Whenusingaforkapparatustotransportpipecareshould
betakentoensurethepipedoesnotbouncecausingcracks,
damagedends,etc.
Whenusingaforkapparatustheinteriorsurfacemay
becomeslightlyscratched.Thisisnormalandnotacausefor
rejection.
57
IX.MaterialHandling
MaterialHandling
Alternatingthebellsandspigotsduringloading/transport
helpsensuretheendswillnotbedamaged.
Securepipeswithstrapsthroughthebarreltoprevent
rolling.
Usestrapguardstoprotectcontactpointsbetweenpipeand
strap/chain.Theseareespeciallyimportantwhensecuring
thepipewithachainthroughthebarrel.
58
IX.MaterialHandling
MaterialHandling
Pipesshouldbeunloadedonadrylevelarea
Whenpipesareunloadedtheyshouldnotbeallowedto
collide.Thiscoulddamagetheendsofthepipe.Blocks
shouldbeplacedateachendofthepipetopreventthem
fromcollidingduringunloading.
Pipeswithbellsshouldbesupportedwithtimbersonboth
endstopreventpointloadswhichmaydamagetheendsof
pipeduringstorage
59
IX.MaterialHandling
60
X.RepairExamples
Repairs
R
i
Beforeandafterphotosofanacceptablespigotrepair
Repairsareonlyallowedbytheproducerusingapproved
materials
ACCEPT
61
X.RepairExamples
Repairs
Properbellrepair
materials
ACCEPT
62
X.RepairExamples
Repairs
Properbellrepair
materials
ACCEPT
63
X.RepairExamples
Repairs
Allowablesurfacetearrepair
Repairsareonlyallowedbytheproducerwithapproved
materials
ACCEPT
64
X.RepairExamples
Repairs
R
i
BeforeandafterphotosofanACCEPTABLE repairofthe
exposedcircumferentialreinforcementatthepipeend
ACCEPT
65
X.RepairsExamples
SawedEndfromDamagedBell
Longitudinalsteelisallowedtobeexposedontheends
Circumferentialsteelexposureontheendislessthan12
inchesandmustberepairedaspertheRepairGuidelines
(SectionII)
Acceptablependingrepairtotheexposedcircumferential
steel
Thisisagooduseforpipewithdamagedendsiftheycanbe
usedinotherstructures
ACCEPT
66

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REINFORCEDCONCRETEPIPE

M206: Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert

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