Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
CASE STUDY
ECE131: BASIC ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERNG
TOPIC NAME:
Roll No : B36
S.n
o
Table of Content
Page
No.
1.
2.
3.
3
3
4
4
2. Development in Electronics
2.1Sophisticated embedded system
characteristics
5
5
6
4.
4. Types of processor
4.1Microcontroller
4.2Embedded processor
4.3Digital signal processor
4.4Application Specific System Processor
(ASSP)
6
7
8
8
5.
5. Moores Law
6.
6.1Turnstile gate
6.1.1Product
6.2University Turnstile
6.2.1Working
6.2.2Specification
6.2.3Function
6.3Challenges of turnstile gate in LPU
7.
9
11
11
12
13
14
1
5
8. Conclusion
S.N
o
1.
2.
3.
4.
List Of Figure
Page
No
7
8
9
14
1.2Embedded System
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
An embedded system is a systemthat has software embedded intocomputerhardware, which makes a system dedicated for an applications,or specific part of an
application orproduct or part of a larger system.
An embedded system is one that has a dedicated purpose softwareembedded in a
computerhardware.
It is a dedicated computer based system for anapplication(s) or product. It may be an
independent system or apart of large system. Itssoftware usually embeds into aROM
(Read Only Memory) orflash.
It is any device that includes a programmable computer but its not itself intended to
be ageneral purpose computer.
Embedded Systems are theelectronic systems that contain microprocessor or
amicrocontroller, but we do notthink of them as computers thecomputer is hidden or
embedded in the system.
I.
The three basic component of Embedded System are:Hardware: Embeds hardware to give computerlike functionalities.
II.
III.
Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS): Embeds a real time operating system (RTOS),
which supervises theapplication software tasks running onthe hardware and organizes
the accesses to system resource according to priorities and timingconstraints of tasks
in the system.
IV.
Multi Rate Operations: Different operations may take place at different rates .For
example the audio-video network data, stream and video and events have the
different rate and time constraints to finish associated process.
3
Available system-memory.
Available processor speed.
Limited power dissipation when running the system continuously cycles of thesystem
start, wait for event, wake-up andrun, sleep and stop.
Performance, power.
Size, non-recurring design cost, and manufacturing costs.
2. DEVELOPMENT IN ELECTRONICS
The world first microcontroller was built in 1971.
It was [INTEL- 4004].
If automobile speed has increased similarly,over the same period we could now derive
from San Francisco to New York in about 13 seconds.
If we compare
INTEL 4004 108 khz-2,300 transistors in it.
Intel Pentium-1.5Ghz-42 million transistors in it.
iv.
Dedicated functions
Dedicated complex algorithms
Dedicated (GUIs) and other userinterfaces for the application.
Real time operations Defines the waysin which the system works, reacts to
theevents and interrupts, schedules the systemfunctioning in real time and executes
byfollowing a plan to control the latencies andto meet the deadlines. [Latency
Waiting interval between the instance which a need to run the codes arises for task (or
interrupt service routine) following an event and instance of start executing the
codes].
2.
3.
4.
5.
4. TYPES OF PROCESSOR
A processor is the heart of the embedded system. For an embedded system designer
knowledge of microcontroller and microprocessor is must.
Various Kind of Processors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Embedded Processor
Digital Signal Processor
We would discuss mainly the appliances which are used by the Microcontroller.
Because for the basic appliances used in daily life , we used Microcontroller only.
4.1Microcontroller
Definition: A microcontroller is a functional computer on a chip .It contains a
processor ,memory and programmable input /output peripherals .
The functional blocks are ALU, register, turnings and control unit .
Rapid moments of code and data between external memory.
Used for designing general purpose digital computer system.
4.2Embedded Processor
Special Microprocessor /controller often called Embedded Processor. An Embedded
Processor is used when fast processing fats content switching and atomic ALU operations are
needed.
Examples: ARM 7, INTEL i960, AMD 29050.
5.MOOREs LAW
Statement: It describes a long term trend in the history of computing hardware
6.1Turnstile Gate
A Turnstile, also called as a baffle gate, is a form of gate which allows one person to pass
at a time. It can also be made so as to way traffic or people and in addition. It can also be
made so as to enforce one way traffic or people and in addition.
8
It allow the passage only to people who insert either a coin , ticket ,pass ,ID card etc.
Thus a Turnstile can be used in the case of paid case (sometime called a fore gate when
used for this purpose) .In public transport or a ticket barrier a pay ticket to restrict access
to authorized people for example in the lobby on a office building .
Turnstiles are used at widely variety or setting, including stadiums, amusements parks
,mass transport ,airport ski resorts and casinos .
Person with disabilities will have difficulties to access this. In this case generally a wide
aisle gate or a manual gate may be provided. At some locations where luggage is excepted
lot of turnstiles may be entirely formed or wide able gates.
Turnstiles were originally used, like other form of stile to allow human beings to pass
while keeping sheep or livestock penned in. The used of its modern application has been
credited to Clarence Saunden.
NOTE: In this case study we will mainly focus onTurnstile Gate used in Lovely
Professional University. We would see the product used specification of the tools used,
functioning of it, working and challenges.
6.1.1Product
1. Easy to install. Open the machine door, place the machine to the anchor belts, then fix
it and then tighten the screw.
2. The tripod turnstiles have very robust product,it able it to install inside and outside the
building.
3. It can be integrated with magnetic card, barcode scanner, swallow machines, token
acceptor and finger print machine by standard electrical interface.
4. It is very safety, to meet fire control passage requirements the tripod turnstile arms
will drop down automatically when the power is off.
5. ISO 9001 Quality Assurance and CE Certification.
NOTE : The product used for the turnstile gate need to be very long lasting , made up of
good quality steel , the more it is lighter , the more easily it can be activated or reinstall.
6.2University Turnstile
In the university (LPU), Turnstile plays the tremendous role. In LPU every hostel including
boys and girls (BH -1 to BH -6 and GH -1 to GH -6), Central Library, Main Gate entrance
etc.
In university there are 250 turnstiles approximately which act as barrier in the places shown
above. These are made not only for the students but for all the people, workers faculties to
enter their desired place.
Each and every individual has its own unique ID card, which has all its needed data saved in
that. More preciously a bar code which is different for everyone.
ID card Every fresher in the university has to first record all its necessary detail.
He or she is provided with unique Id card which has a barcode in it and all necessary details.
While making Id, also the fingerprints are taken of all fingers and they are permanently
recorded .And this are permanently recorded. No other student can access the Id card of other
student. Id card is mandatory to excess Turnstile.
6.2.1Working
Let us now discuss the working of Turnstile.
i.
We would take with respect to the student. Every student has to follow the following
steps in order to access the gate.
First the student need to put its Id card in the display.
For going out of the hostel, no finger prints are required.
Just by putting Id on it would unlock the gate.
ii.
While the Id card is pressed to display, yellow color is shown and lock is opened.
iii.
For entering in the Hostel, the student has to first press finger in the small display
which are on its side. It will first detect the fingerprints of those who tries to enter.
If the fingerprint is detected by the gate, it will show the green-yellow light.
iv.
After the light is seen then the user , put its Id card in the display
Two types of display:
a) Small to enter from outside.
b) Bigger one to go outside.
v.
Then the system detects both the fingerprints and scan the bar code, if both of them
match it unlock the gate and allow the user to get inside.
vi.
In the same way all the Turnstile of university acts in the same way.
10
vii.
For Hostel only the hostlers can move inside. Turnstile for library is made common
for all. Every one including student, teacher, workers can access the turnstile to get in.
6.2.2Specification
6.2.2.1Tabular Form
Item:
Description:
Framework
Thickness of Ply
Dimensions
Finishing
Pass width
Weight
: 60Kg
Operation direction
Power Voltage
Work Environment
: Indoor / Outdoor
Pass rate
Power Consumption
: 20W/24V
Operating Temp
: 15~ 60
Operating Humidity
Emergency
Input
6.2.3Function
*Electromagnet lock, photoelectric unlock, long service life, High operation dependability
and fast response.
*The whole system runs smoothly, low noise, no mechanical impact. When power on system
restoration automatic.
11
12
13
Automobiles Electronic fuel injection systems, anti lock braking systems, in-vehicle
entertainment systems, air-conditioner controls
8.CONCLUSION
Just think about it, almost every advance made by humankind, every device or appliance that
helps us in our daily lives and even what creates those devices are embedded systems.
Without embedded systems, where would we be? Would it be possible for us to create
wonders like driverless cars, fully automated factories, adaptive home appliances and more?
Probably not. So if youre thinking about studying about a subject that quite literally is
changing the future, look no further than embedded systems!
14
15
16
17