Risqi Nurtyas S.

W
K2212066/B
LTE 2 CREATIVITY
A. DEFINITIONS OF CREATIVITY
1. According to Amabile (2012; 2), creativity is the production of a
novel and appropriate response, product, or solution to an openended task.
2. Stein (as cited in Sousa, 2008) defines creativity as a process
that results in novelty which is accepted as useful, tenable, or
satisfying by a significant group of others at some point in time.
3. NACCCE (1999; 30) argues that creativity is an Imaginative
activity fashioned so as to produce outcomes that are both
original and of value.
4. George & Zhou (as cited in To et al., 2008) found out that
creativity is typically the generation or production of ideas or
solutions that are both novel and useful.
5. Creativity is the ability to produce work that is both original and
appropriate or useful (Kim et al in Kaufman & Sternberg, 2010).
6. Sefertzi (2000; 2) defines creativity as the generation of new
ideas or the recombination of known elements into something
new, providing valuable solutions to a problem that also involves
motivation and emotion.
CONSTRUCT:
Creativity is a process of producing the generation of new
ideas or the recombination of known elements into something
new, providing valuable solutions to a problem that also involves
motivation and emotion by a significant group of others at some
point in time.

B. ASPECTS OF CREATIVITY

1. Sharp (2014) divides the aspects of creativity into 5:

Imagination
originality (the ability to come up with ideas and products that

are new and unusual)

productivity (the ability to generate a variety of different ideas

through divergent thinking)

problem solving (application of knowledge and imagination to a

given situation)
the ability to produce an outcome of value and worth.

2. Urban (2002) found out aspects of creativity:

Fluency how quickly you can generate ideas.

Flexibility how many different categories are reflected
Originality how relevant are the ideas.
Re-structuring- how well you can re-prioritise or link ideas in

different ways.
Elaboration- how well you can predict or infer from some ideas
to others.

3. Guilford (as cited in Munandar, 1977) identifies the followings as

the primary traits of creativity:

word-fluency

associational fluency

ideational fluency

expressional fluency

spontaneous flexibility

adaptive flexibility

originality

elaboration

4. Torrance in Kim (2006) identifies the following aspects of

creativity:

Fluency: The number of relevant ideas; shows an ability to

produce a number of figural images.

Originality: The number of statistically infrequent ideas; shows
an ability to produce uncommon or unique responses. The
scoring procedure counts the most common responses as 0
and all other legitimate responses as 1. The originality lists
have been prepared for each item on the basis of normative

data, which are readily memorized by scorers.

Elaboration: The number of added ideas; demonstrates the

subjects ability to develop and elaborate on ideas.

Abstractness of Titles: The degree beyond labeling; based on
the idea that creativity requires an abstraction of thought. It
measures the degree a title moves beyond concrete labeling

of the pictures drawn.

Resistance to Premature Closure: The degree of psychological
openness; based on the belief that creative behavior requires
a person to consider a variety of information when processing
information and to keep an open mind.

C. INDICATORS
From several aspects of creativity by some experts above, we
can conclude 5 indicators for creativity test:
1. Fluency
2. Originality
3. Flexibility
4. Elaboration

D. TEST
1. Word beginning
Please write as many words as possible beginning with the
following syllables. You have 2 minutes for each. The aspects

considered for scoring are the number of the words you have
written, vocabulary, and spelling.
Example: bo board, book, body, bone, boss, boast, bogger, ...
Ki kill, kiss, kid, kick, king, kind, kingdom, kite,
kitchen, ...
Good Luck!
a. so: ...
b. da: ...
c. fe: ...
d. wa: ...
2. Anagram
Write as many words as possible using the letters in the following
word. You have 2 minutes for each. The score would be
considered based on the number of the words, vocabulary, and
spelling.
Example: GENERALIZATION gen, general, realize, rail, lion,
neon, on, zone, ...
OVERPROTECTIVE over, protect, pro, tip, ...
Good Luck!
a. FUNCTIONAL: ...
b. TEMPTATION: ...
c. DISCOMPOSURE: ...
d. ACCOUNTABILITY: ...

3. Thing categories
Please mention noun having these following characteristics. You
only have 2 minutes for each. The scoring will be based on the
number of the words.
Example: red and can be eaten apple, lychee, tomato soup,
watermelon, king crab with padang sauce, ...

fragrant and white baby powder, jasmin flower,

perfumed white shirt
Good Luck!
a. Green and smelly: ...
b. Brown and soft: ...
c. Plain and white: ...
4. Three word sentences
Make sentences as many as possible from the following three
letters. You have 2 minutes for each. The aspect you need to
consider is the number of sentences.
Example: T-O-P they observe policies
analyzed poetries
Timmy offers pens

B-A-P

Ben

Barry

avoids

procedures
Tom owns pencils

Becky admires

President
Good Luck!
a. B-T-S: ...
b. G-O-T: ...
c. R-T-L: ...
5. Unusual functions
Please write unusual functions of the following objects as many
as possible in 2 minutes for each. The score would be considered
based on the number of the unusual functions.
Example: a fan to dry out wet hair, to cool down the hot
food, ...
a book to help womens training to walk like a model,
to hit ...
Good Luck!
a. Laptop: ...
b. Newspaper: ...
c. Mirror: ...
6. Consequences
Write what will happen if the following things happen. You have 3
minutes to think and write the answer as many as possible. The
scoring will be based on the number of your answers.
Example: You born as an ant.
Eating sugars as much as possible
Biting lots of cruel humans
Building a house next to cane plants
Swimming in the sugar sea
Helping other ants trouble

Good Luck!
a. You married to an alien.
b. There is no water in the world.
c. You can pay things with paper.
E. BLUEPRINT
Indicators
Fluency
Originality
Flexibility
Elaboration

Number of questions
1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6
3 (a, b, c,) , 4 (a, b, c)
2 (a, b, c, d), 6 (a, b, c)
1 (a, b, c, d), 5 (a, b, c)

F. QUESTION OF READIBILITY
No
.
1.
2.

Questions

Do you understand the instruction?

Do you know the time allotted to do
each item?

3.

Do you know how many

words/sentences/ you should
write/create?

4.

Do you understand the aspect(s)

that is (are) considered for scoring?

Yes

No

5.

Are the examples clear?

G. HOW TO SCORE
The total number of correct answers X 5
20 X 5 = 100

H. SCORING RUBRIC
As cited from Munandar (1977):
N
o.
1

Type of subtest
Word beginnings

Indicator

Scoring Notes

being test
Fluency

The score is the total number of

words

Anagram

Fluency

that

fulfill

the

stated

requirements.
The score is the total number of
correct words produced. Correct
here means that no other letter
is used outside those in the test
words and that the words are

3
4

Thing categories
Three word
sentences

Fluency

correctly spelled.
The score is the total number of

Fluency

acceptable responses.
The score is the total number of
appropriate
required

sentences.
that

each

It

is

new

sentence may only use one

word

from

the

preceding

sentences.

Sentences

containing more than one word

from the foregoing sentences
5

Unusual functions

Flexibility

do not add to the score.

Flexibility score:

and

The score is the total number of

originality

different responses.
Originality score:
Originality is defined in terms of
statistical infrequency of the
responses.

score

of

is

assigned to all responses given

by

5%

or

more

of

the

respondents. A score of 1 point

is given for responses given
from

2%

to

4.99%

of

the

respondents. Responses given

by

less

than

2%

of

the

respondents receive a score of

6

2 points.
Fluency and Fluency and elaboration are

Consequences

elaboration

combined

into

one

score.

The score is determined by the

number

of

consequences
produced.

relevant

or

possibilities

response

is

irrelevant when the respondent

merely restates or describes the
conditions that already exist.
I. REFERENCES
Amabile, M.

T.

(2012).

Componential

Theory

of

Creativity.

Encyclopedia of Management Theory (Eric H. Kessler, Ed.), Sage

Publications, 2013.

de Sousa, C. F. (2008). Still the Elusive Definition of Creativity.

International Journal of Psychology: a Biopsychosocial Approach, 55
82 p. Portugal: Instituto Superior D. Afonso III.
Gerlovina , Zhanetta . (2011). Unraveling the mastery behind
creativity.
Kim, K. H. (2006). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: Can we trust
creativity tests? a review of the torrance tests of creative thinking
(TTCT). Journal of Creativity Research, 18 (1), 314 Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Barron, Frank and Harrington,

David

M..

Annual

Review

of

Psychology: Creativity, intelligence, and Personality. Journal of

Creative Behavior, 32 (1981): 439476.