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ECNG 3030
Electromechanical Energy Conversion
DIRECT CURRENT MACHINES
1|Page
Contents
1.
General Information................................................................................................................4
2.
3.
Pre-Lab....................................................................................................................................5
4.
5.
3.1.
3.2.
Pre-Lab Exercise.............................................................................................................6
In-Lab.......................................................................................................................................7
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
SELF-EXCITATION.....................................................................................................10
4.4.
Post-Lab.................................................................................................................................13
5.1.
In-Lab Results................................................................................................................13
5.2.
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Listof figures
Figure1: Diagram of DC Motor shunt connections........................................................................7
Figure2: Diagram showing generator connections for the open circuit test, separately excited.....8
Figure3: Diagram showing the DC Generator self-excited shunt connections..............................10
Figure4: Diagram showing the connections for load test..............................................................11
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ECNG 3030
Electromechanical Energy Conversion
http://myelearning.sta.uwi.edu/
Semester I
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Lab #:
Name of the lab:
Lab weighting:
2.5%
Delivery mode:
Lecture
Online
Lab
Other
Lab dependencies2
Recommended
prior knowledge
and skills3:
Course Staff
Position/Role
Lecturer
Mr. Andrew
Balgobin
Instructor
Estimated total
study hours1:
Phone
Office
Office
Hours
Tariq.Wadi@sta.uwi.edu
Ext Pwr Elec
Lab
82677
Andrew.Balgobin@sta.uwi.edu Ext
Pwr Sim
Lab
82676
Estimate includes teaching time, study time, and student preparation time for classes and labs.
Include any Co-requisites, Post-requisites, or Forbidden course /lab combinations with respective code (C/P/F).
3
Lecturers can state lab input requirements in terms of student behaviours.
2
4|Page
Cognitive
Level
3
3
3
3. PRE-LAB
Due Date:
Submission Procedure:
Estimated time of
completion:
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Any D.C. Motor whose rating exceeds 2 Hp requires starters or controllers. Why?
3.3.2
Sketch a diagram of a D.C. motor and labels its parts. What is the significance of each element
of the D.C. motor?
3.3.4
With the aid of suitable diagrams of the equivalent circuit and equations, discuss the
implications of the different field/armature circuit arrangements of the D.C. generator.
3.3.5
125 Volts
1 Amp.
0.3 Field Amps.
0.125 kW
1750 rpm
Using the specifications above, calculate the ratings of the meters that will be used in the In-lab
experiments.
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4. IN-LAB
Allotted completion
time:
Required lab
equipment:
3hrs
All provided
4.1.1.
NB.
The motor field regulator should always be kept at the minimum (i.e.
fully anticlockwise) resistance position at the time of starting.
4.1.2.
4.1.3.
Slowly increase the input voltage and observe the speed of the motor shaft.
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4.1.4.
Adjust the motor field regulator and again observe how the speed is affected.
4.1.5.
Turn the motor field regulator fully anticlockwise and turn off the D.C. voltage switch.
Figure 2: Diagram showing generator connections for the open circuit test, separately excited
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4.2.1. Using the diagram in Figure 2, connect the generator as a separately excited machine.
DO NOT energize the circuit until the demonstrator checks it.
NB.
4.2.2.
Start the D.C. motor and increase the speed until rated speed is obtained.
4.2.3.
With the D.C. Generator being driven at rated speed and open circuited, measure the
armature voltage from zero field current. This is due to residual magnetism.
4.2.4.
Increase the excitation current in steps and record the excitation current and armature
voltage for every 10V step in armature voltage (until armature voltage 130V). Record
your results in Table 1 in the Post Lab section.
4.2.5.
Repeat steps while decreasing excitation current. Record your results in Table 1 in the
Post Lab section.
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4.3. SELF-EXCITATION
In this section, Self-excitation and the External Characteristics of the D.C. Shunt Generator
are investigated.
{The maximum value of Rext should be higher than the critical resistance}
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
Set the field rheostat to its maximum value. Drive the DC Generator at its rated
speed. Decrease Rfield to a lower value and observe whether the machine self excites
(Develops e.m.f). If the machine does not self excites, the field terminals of the
generator have to be reversed. This should be done only after the D.C. Machine
is switched off.
4.3.3.
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The external characteristics of a shunt generator is a graph relating terminal voltage and the
load current of a D.C. Generator when driven at its rated speed with the field current
maintained at its normal no-load value.
4.4.1.
Load the D.C. Generator by connecting a Resistive Load Bank across its terminals.
DO NOT energize the circuit until the demonstrator checks it.
4.4.2.
Drive the D.C. Generator at its rated speed. Adjust its field current such that the
machine develops rated voltage on NO-LOAD.
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4.4.3.
Vary the load connected across the Armature of the D.C. Generator in steps until
rated armature current flows. Record all measurements taken in Table 2 in the PostLab section.
Ensure that the motor speed is always set at its rated value and the generator field
current is maintained (the motor and generator field regulators may have to be
adjusted).
End of In-Lab
Direct Current Machines
12 | P age
5. POST-LAB
Two (2) weeks from the In-Lab Exercise
Submit to the technicians in the Energy Systems Lab by 4:00PM
Due Date:
Submission
Procedure:
Deliverables:
Cover page
Signed Plagiarism Form
Typewritten responses to the postlab questions ONLY
Signed results from lab session (in pen)
All bound in a folder.
ID #:
5.1. In-Lab Results
Table 1: Open Circuit Test Results
Reading No.
If increasing/ Amps
VOC/Volts
If decreasing/ Amps
VOC/Volts
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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If/Amps
Terminal Voltage,VT/Volts
Armature resistance =
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3 hrs.
5.2.1 Obtain the critical field resistance of the D.C. Generator at rated speed using the graph
plotted in the exercise above for the open circuit (magnetization) characteristic of the
DC Generator.
[6marks]
5.2.2 Plot the open circuit (magnetization) characteristic of the D.C. Generator at half the
rated speed and determine the corresponding critical resistance of the D.C. Generator.
[6marks]
5.2.3 Identify and explain the two different methods of speed control of the D.C. motor observed
in experiment 4.1. Describe another method by which the speed can be varied.
[6marks]
5.2.4 Discuss the observations made while studying the phenomenon of self-excitation
of the D.C. Generator.
[6marks]
5.2.5 Plot the external characteristics of the D.C. generator (VT vs IL).
Using the value of the armature resistance, Ra of the D.C. Generator, determine the internal
characteristic of the DC Generator (EA vs IA).
[6marks]
Total: 30 marks
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